A58 电离辐射计量 标准查询与下载

DIN EN 62369-1:2010 人体暴露在频率范围为0 GHz～300 GHz的各种设备中短程装置（SRDs）产生的电磁场中的评估. 第1部分: 商品电子防盗, 无线电频率识别和类似系统产生的电磁场 （IEC 62369-1: 2008）; 德文版本EN 62369-1: 2009

This standard contains the German version of the European Standard EN 62369-1:2009 and is identical with the International Standard IEC 62369-1:2008. It contains requirements for procedures for the evaluation of the safety of persons in electromagnetic fields from devices used in Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and similar applications. The values for the electromagnetic field or the values for the current density and/or the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), which are measured or calculated according to the methods described in this standard, shall be compared with reference levels or basic restrictions which are specified in relevant Exposure Guidelines or Standards in order to evaluate if the requirements for the safety of persons in electromagnetic fields are fulfilled.

Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices (SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz - Part 1: Fields produced by devices used for electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identif

ISO 11929:2010 致电离辐射测量用特性限值(判断阈、探测限值和置信区间限值)的测定.基本原则和应用

This International Standard specifies a procedure, in the field of ionizing radiation metrology, for the calculation of the “decision threshold”, the “detection limit” and the “limits of the confidence interval” for a nonnegative ionizing radiation measurand, when counting measurements with preselection of time or counts are carried out, and the measurand results from a gross count rate and a background count rate as well as from further quantities on the basis of a model of the evaluation. In particular, the measurand can be the net count rate as the difference of the gross count rate and the background count rate, or the net activity of a sample. It can also be influenced by calibration of the measuring system, by sample treatment and by other factors.

Determination of the characteristic limits (decision threshold, detection limit and limits of the confidence interval) for measurements of ionizing radiation - Fundamentals and application

SANS 62577:2009 人体暴露于来自单机播放发射机(30 MHz - 40 GHz)电磁场的评定

Applies to a single stand-alone broadcast transmitter operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 40 GHz when put on the market. Only applies to broadcast transmitters being placed on the market (type approval) and does not apply to broadcast transmitter

Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from a stand-alone broadcast transmitter (30 MHz - 40 GHz)

SANS 62110:2009 AC功率系统产生的电磁场水平．关于公众暴露的测量程

Establishes measurement procedures for electric and magnetic field levels generated by AC power systems to evaluate the exposure levels of the human body to these fields. Is applicable to public exposure in the domestic environment and in areas accessibl

Electric and magnetic field levels generated by AC power systems - Measurement procedures with regard to public exposure

SANS 62369-1:2009 人体暴露在频率范围为0 GHz～300 GHz的各种设备中短程装置(SRDs)产生的电磁场的评估．第1部分：电子产品监测、无线电频率鉴定和类似系统用装置产生的电磁场

Presents procedures for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from devices used in electronic article surveillance (EAS), radio frequency identification (RFID) and similar applications.

Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices (SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz - Part 1: Fields produced by devices used for electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identif

DIN EN 50496:2009 工人暴露于电磁场的测定和广播站的风险评估.德文版本EN 50496-2008

Determination of workers' exposure to electromagnetic fields and assessment of risk at a broadcast site; German version EN 50496:2008

DIN EN 50413:2009 基本标准的测量和人类接触到电，磁和电磁领域（0 Hz - 300 GHz的计算程序）.德文版本EN 50413-2008

Basic standard on measurement and calculation procedures for human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz - 300 GHz); German version EN 50413:2008

BS EN 62369-1:2009 人体暴露在频率范围为0GHz～300GHz的各种设备中短程装置(SRDs)产生的电磁场的评估.电子产品监测、无线电频率鉴定和类似系统用装置产生的电磁场

This part of IEC 62369 presents procedures for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from devices used in electronic article surveillance (EAS), radio frequency identification (RFID) and similar applications. It adopts a staged approach to facilitate compliance assessment. The first stage (Stage 1) is a simple measurement against the appropriate derived reference values. Stage 2 is a more complex series of measurements or calculations, coupled with analysis techniques. Stage 3 requires detailed modelling and analysis for comparison with the basic restrictions. When assessing any device, the most appropriate method for the exposure situation may be used. At the time of writing this International Standard, electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identification and similar systems do not normally operate at frequencies below 1 Hz or above 10 GHz. EMF exposure guidelines and standards can cover a wider range of frequencies, so clarification on the required range is included as part of the evaluation procedures. The devices covered by this document normally have non-uniform field patterns. Often these devices have a very rapid reduction of field strength with distance and operate under nearfield conditions where the relationship between electric and magnetic fields is not constant. This, together with typical exposure conditions for different device types, is detailed in Annex A. Annex B contains comprehensive information to assist with numerical modelling of the exposure situation. It includes both homogeneous and anatomical models as well as the electrical properties of tissue. This International Standard does not include limits. Limits can be obtained from separately published human exposure guidelines. Different guidelines and limit values may apply in different regions. Linked into the guidelines are usually methods for summation across wider frequency ranges and for multiple exposure sources. These shall be used. A simplified method for summation of multiple sources is contained in Annex C. This has to be used with care as it is simplistic and will overestimate the exposure; however it is useful as a guide, when the results of different evaluations are in different units of measure which are not compatible. Different countries and regions have different guidelines for handling the uncertainties from the evaluation. Annex D provides information on the two most common methods. A bibliography at the end of this standard provides general information as well as useful l information for the measurement of electromagnetic fields. See [1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6]1). Similar national or international standards may be used as an alternative.

Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices (SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz - Fields produced by devices used for electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identification

DIN EN 62233 Berichtigung 1:2009 关于人类暴露于家用设施和类似用途装置的电磁场用测量方法(修改的IEC 62233-2005) 技术勘误DIN EN 62233(VDE 0700-366)-2008-11

Measurement methods for electromagnetic fields of household appliances and similar apparatus with regard to human exposure (IEC 62233:2005, modified); German version EN 62233:2008, Corrigendum to DIN EN 62233 (VDE 0700-366):2008-11

SANS 50444:2009 人类暴露于弧焊及相关工艺设备中产生的电磁场条件下的基本评价标准

Applies to equipment for arc welding and allied processes designed for use in industrial or domestic environments, including welding power sources, wire feeders and ancillary equipment, e.g. torches, liquid cooling systems and arc striking and stabilisin

Basic standard for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from equipment for arc welding and allied processes

DIN EN 50505:2009 人体暴露于电阻焊接和相关工艺用设备产生的电磁场评估的基本标准

Basic standard for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from equipment for resistance welding and allied processes; German version EN 50505:2008

DIN EN 50500:2009 铁路环境中关于人体辐射的电子和电器装置产生的磁场等级测量程序

Measurement procedures of magnetic field levels generated by electronic and electrical apparatus in the railway environment with respect to human exposure; German version EN 50500:2008

BS EN 50413:2009 人体暴露于电场、磁场和电磁场(0Hz-300GHz)中的测量和计算程序的基本标准

This European Standard gives elements to establish methods for measurement and calculation of quantities associated with the assessment of human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the frequency range from 0 Hz to 300 GHz. The major intention of this Basic Standard is to give the common background and information to relevant EMF standards. This Basic Standard cannot go into details extensively due to the broad frequency range and the huge amount of possible applications. Therefore it is not possible to specify detailed calculation or measurement procedures in this Basic Standard. This standard provides general procedures only for those product and workplace categories for which there do not exist any relevant assessment procedures in any existing European EMF basic standard. If there exists an applicable European EMF standard focused on specific product or workplace categories then the assessment shall follow that standard. If an applicable European EMF standard does not exist, but an applicable assessment procedure in another European EMF standard does exist, then that assessment procedure shall be used. This standard deals with quantities that can be measured or calculated in free space, notably electric and magnetic field strength or power density, and includes the measurement and calculation of quantities inside the body that forms the basis for protection guidelines. In particular the standard provides information on • definitions and terminology, • characteristics of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields, • measurement of exposure quantities, • instrumentation requirements, • methods of calibration, • measurement techniques and procedures for evaluating exposure, • calculation methods for exposure assessment.

Basic standard on measurement and calculation procedures for human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz — 300 GHz)

BS EN 50492:2008 关于人体暴露于基点附近的电磁场强度现场测量用基本标准

This European Standard specifies in the vicinity of base station as defined in 3.2 the measurement methods, the measurement systems and the post processing that shall be used to determine in-situ the electromagnetic field for human exposure assessment in the frequency range 100 kHz to 300 GHz.

Basic standard for the in-situ measurement of electromagnetic field strength related to human exposure in the vicinity of base stations

NF C99-126:2009 工人暴露于广播站电磁场的风险评估测定

Determination of workers' exposure to electromagnetic fields and assessment of risk at a broadcast site.

NF C99-124:2009 关于人体暴露于基点附近的电磁场强度现场测量用基本标准

Basic standard for the in-situ measurement of electromagnetic field strength related to human exposure in the vicinity of base stations.

DIN EN 50475:2009 暴露于高频(HF)波段(3MHz～30MHz)广播服务发射机的电磁场中人体的计算和测量用基本标准

Basic standard for the calculation and the measurement of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from broadcasting service transmitters in the HF bands (3 MHz - 30 MHz); German version EN 50475:2008

ANSI/ASTM E2701:2009 放射量测定器和放射量测定系统在辐射进程中的性能特征化指南

Guide For Performance Characterization Of Dosimeters and Dosimetry Systems For Use In Radiation Processing

ANSI/ASTM E2628:2009 剂量学在辐射进程中的实践

This practice describes the basic requirements that apply when making dose measurements in accordance with the ASTM E10.01 series of dosimetry standards.

Practice for Dosimetry in Radiation Processing

ASTM E496-09 用放射性技术测定H3(d,n)He4中子发生器所产生的中子注量和平均能量的标准试验方法

Refer to Practice E 261 for a general discussion of the measurement of fast-neutron fluence rates with threshold detectors. Refer to Test Method E 265 for a general discussion of the measurement of fast-neutron fluence rates by radioactivation of sulfur-32. Reactions used for the activity measurements can be chosen to provide a convenient means for determining the absolute fluence rates of 14-MeV neutrons obtained with 3H(d,n)4He neutron generators over a range of irradiation times from seconds to approximately 100 days. High purity threshold sensors referenced in this test method are readily available. The neutron-energy spectrum must be known in order to measure fast-neutron fluence using a single threshold detector. Neutrons produced by bombarding a tritiated target with deuterons are commonly referred to as 14-MeV neutrons; however, they can have a range of energies depending on: (1) the angle of neutron emission with respect to the deuteron beam, (2) the kinetic energy of the deuterons, and (3) the target thickness. In most available neutron generators of the Cockroft-Walton type, a thick target is used to obtain high-neutron yields. As deuterons penetrate through the surface and move into the bulk of the thick target, they lose energy, and interactions occurring deeper within the target produce neutrons with correspondingly lower energy. Wide variations in neutron energy are not generally encountered in commercially available neutron generators of the Cockroft-Walton type. Figs. 1 and 2 (1) show the variation of the zero degree 3H(d,n)4He neutron production cross section with energy, and clearly indicate that maximum neutron yield is obtained with deuterons having energies near the 107 keV resonance. Since most generators are designed for high yield, the deuteron energy is typically about 200 keV, giving a range of neutron energies from approximately 14 to 15 MeV. The differential center-of-mass cross section is typically parameterized as a summation of Legendre polynomials. Figs. 3 and 4 (1,2) show how the neutron yield varies with the emission angle in the laboratory system. The insert in Fig. 4 shows how the magnitude, A1, of the P1(θ) term, and hence the asymmetry in the differential cross section grows with increasing energy of the incident deuteron. The nonrelativistic kinematics (valid for Ed < 20 MeV) for the 3H(d,n)4He reaction show that: where: En = the neutron energy in MeV, Ed = the incident deuteron energy in MeV, and θ = the neutron emission angle with respect to the incident deuteron in the laboratory system. Fig. 5 (2) shows how the neutron energy depends upon the angle of scattering in the laboratory coordinate system when the incident deuteron has an energy of 150 keV and is incident on a thick and a thin tritiated target. For thick targets, the inci.........

Standard Test Method for Measuring Neutron Fluence and Average Energy from ³H(d,n)⁴He Neutron Generators by Radioactivation Techniques ¹