P13 工程地质、水文地质勘察与岩土工程 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4320/D4320M-09 实验室制备化学注浆土壤样品获取工程参数的标准操作规程

The purpose of this practice is to prepare specimens of chemically grouted soils for testing in unconfined or triaxial compression. Note 38212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This practice covers the laboratory preparation of chemically grouted soil specimens for use in laboratory tests to determine engineering parameters. Note 18212;This practice may not be applicable to grout mixtures with gel times shorter than the time required to saturate the specimen with grout. 1.2 The specimens are intended for both strength and modulus determination in unconfined and confined compression testing. Note 28212;Preparation methods for specimens to be used for other purposes are described in Test Methods D4219 and D5202. 1.3 This practice requires the injection of grout into soil specimens already fabricated to a desired density. 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026. 1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved. 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the documen......

Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Chemically Grouted Soil Specimens for Obtaining Engineering Parameters

ASTM D4429-09a 现场测定土壤加利福尼亚承载比的标准试验方法

Field in-place CBR tests are used for evaluation and design of flexible pavement components such as base and subbase course and subgrades and for other applications (such as unsurfaced roads) for which CBR is the desired strength parameter. If the field CBR is to be used directly for evaluation or design without consideration for variation due to change in water content, the test should be conducted under one of the following conditions: (a) when the degree of saturation (percentage of voids filled with water) is 80 % or greater, (b) when the material is coarse grained and cohesionless so that it is not significantly affected by changes in water content, or ( c) when the soil has not been modified by construction activities during the two years preceding the test. In the last-named case, the water content does not actually become constant, but generally fluctuates within a rather narrow range. Therefore, the field in-place test data may be used to satisfactorily indicate the average load-carrying capacity. Any construction activities, such as grading or compacting, carried out subsequent to the bearing ratio test will probably invalidate the results of the test. Soils and flexible pavement components at the same location may exhibit significantly different load deflection relationships. No method presently exists to evaluate the precision of a group of non-repetitive plate load tests on soils and flexible pavement components due to the variability of these materials. Note 18212;Field in-place tests are used to determine the relative strength of soils, subbase, and some base materials in the condition at which they exist at the time of testing. Such results have direct application in test section work and in some expedient construction, military, or similar operations. Also, as indicated in 4.1, field in-place tests can be used for design under conditions of nominal stability of water, density, and general characteristics of the material tested. However, any significant treating, disturbing, handling, compaction, or water change can affect the soil strength and make the prior to test determination inapplicable, leading to the need for retest and reanalysis. Note 28212;Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this standard: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of soil tested in place by the penetration load of the soil. This test method covers the evaluation of the relative quality of subgrade soils, but is applicable to subbase and some base-course materials. This test method is designed to test in-situ materials and corresponds to Test Method D1883. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefor......

Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place

ASTM D2488-09a 土壤描述和鉴别的标准实施规程(目测-手工操作程序)

The descriptive information required in this practice can be used to describe a soil to aid in the evaluation of its significant properties for engineering use. The descriptive information required in this practice should be used to supplement the classification of a soil as determined by Test Method D 2487. This practice may be used in identifying soils using the classification group symbols and names as prescribed in Test Method D 2487. Since the names and symbols used in this practice to identify the soils are the same as those used in Test Method D 2487, it shall be clearly stated in reports and all other appropriate documents, that the classification symbol and name are based on visual-manual procedures. This practice is to be used not only for identification of soils in the field, but also in the office, laboratory, or wherever soil samples are inspected and described. This practice has particular value in grouping similar soil samples so that only a minimum number of laboratory tests need be run for positive soil classification. Note 48212;The ability to describe and identify soils correctly is learned more readily under the guidance of experienced personnel, but it may also be acquired systematically by comparing numerical laboratory test results for typical soils of each type with their visual and manual characteristics. When describing and identifying soil samples from a given boring, test pit, or group of borings or pits, it is not necessary to follow all of the procedures in this practice for every sample. Soils which appear to be similar can be grouped together; one sample completely described and identified with the others referred to as similar based on performing only a few of the descriptive and identification procedures described in this practice. This practice may be used in combination with Practice D 4083 when working with frozen soils. Note 58212;Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this standard: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means for evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This practice covers procedures for the description of soils for engineering purposes. 1.2 This practice also describes a procedure for identifying soils, at the option of the user, based on the classification system described in Test Method D 2487. The identification is based on visual examination and manual tests. It must be clearly stated in reporting an identification that it is based on visual-manual procedures. 1.2.1 When precise classification of soils for engineering purposes is required, the procedures prescribed in Test Method D 2487 shall be used. 1.2.2 In this practice, the identification portion assigning a group symbol and name is limited to soil particles smaller than 3 in. (75 mm). 1.2.3 The identification portion of this practice is limited to naturally occurring soils (either intact or disturbed). Note 18212;This practice may be used as a descriptive system applied to such materials as shale, claystone, shells, crushed rock, etc. (see ......

Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)

KS I ISO 11263:2008 土壤质量.磷的测定.光谱法测定碳酸氢钠溶液中可溶磷

이 표준은 탄산수소나트륨 용액에 녹는 토양 중 인 함량 측정에 필요한 추출 방법과 분석 조

Soil quality-Determination of phosphorus-Spectrometric determination of phosphorus soluble in sodium hydrogen carbonate solution

DL/T 5096-2008 电力工程钻探技术规程

本标准规定了电力工程地质钻探、水文地质钻探、岩土工程施工钻探的工作内容与技术原则。 本标准适用于电力工程钻探和钻探有关的原位测试及孔内试验。

Drilling technical regulations of electrical power engineering

CECS 241-2008 工程建设水文地质勘察标准

本标准适用于各类工程建设的水文地质勘察，不包括供水文地质勘察。

Standard hydrogeological investigation for civil engineering

CECS 239-2008 岩石与岩体鉴定和描述标准

本标准适用于建筑、市政、水利、交通、能源、矿山等各类建设工程中岩石与岩体的鉴定和描述。

Standard for identification and description of rock & rock mass

CECS 240-2008 工程地质钻探标准

本标准适用于各类工程建设工程地质和岩土工程勘察的钻探工作。

Standard for engineering geological drilling

CECS 238-2008 工程地质测绘标准

本标准适用于建筑、水利、水电、铁路、公路、水运、能源、矿山、长输管道等建设工程的工程地质测绘。

Standard for engineering geological survey and mapping

ASTM D4971-08 用径向加载76mm(3in)钻孔顶出装置测量岩石变型模量的标准试验方法

Results of this test method are used to predict displacements in rock mass caused by loads from a structure or from underground construction. It is one of several tests that should be performed. Because the jack can apply directed loads, this test method can be performed to provide an estimate of anisotropy. In theory, the analysis of test data is straight forward; the modulus estimate requires a record of applied hydraulic pressure versus borehole diameter change, and a knowledge of the rock''s Poisson''s ratio. In practice, the above procedure, using the original theoretical formula, frequently has resulted in computing a material modulus that was demonstrably too low. For analyzing the test data it is assumed that the rock mass is linearly elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous. Within these assumptions, this test method can provide useful data for rock masses for which equivalent continuous properties can not be found or estimated. Note 18212;Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method; the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the estimation of in situ modulus of a rock mass at various depths and orientations. Information on time-dependent deformation may also be obtained. 1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026. 1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Using Diametrically Loaded 76-mm (3-in.) Borehole Jack

ASTM D4395-08 用挠性板负荷法测定岩石质量现场变形模数的标准试验方法

Results of this type of test method are used to predict displacements in rock mass caused by loads from a structure or from underground construction. It is one of several tests that should be performed. The resulting in situ modulus is commonly less than the elastic modulus determined in the laboratory. The modulus is determined using an elastic solution for a uniformly distributed load (uniform stress) over a circular area acting on a semi-infinite elastic medium. This test method is normally performed at ambient temperature, but equipment can be modified or substituted for operations at other temperatures. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of deformation of a rock mass using the flexible plate loading method. 1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications it could be conducted at the surface. 1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design load. 1.4 Time-dependent tests not covered by this standard can be performed but are to be reported in another standard. 1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026. 1.5.1 The method used to specifiy how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.7 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Flexible Plate Loading Method

ASTM D4435-08 石栓锚定拉力试验的标准试验方法

Rock bolts are used for support in a variety of mining and civil engineering situations. The pull test may be used to provide a quantitative measure of the relative performance of different anchor systems in the same rock type. Anchor systems may be different mechanical anchors or different bond materials or lengths for grouted anchors. Such data can be used to choose an anchor type and determine bolt length, spacing, and size. The objective of the method is to measure anchor performance, and not the performance of the rock bolt itself. Thus, to ensure that the bolt response during the test is minimal and predictable, high strength, short-length (6 to 8 ft (1.8 to 2.5 m)) bolts have been specified. The bolt should be just long enough to ensure that no failure of the rock mass occurs. Ideally, the rock bolt anchor should fail by shear at the anchor-rock interface or bond. Therefore, the local characteristics of the rock, such as roughness and induced fractures, are significant factors in the anchor strength. To obtain realistic strength values, the test holes should be drilled using the same methods as the construction rock bolt holes. Rocks with significant time-dependent behavior, such as rock salt or shale, may respond to the anchor system itself and change the anchor strength. In these cases, consideration should be given to testing bolts over a period of time. In establishing a testing program, the following factors should be considered: Anchor pull tests should be conducted in all rock types in which construction bolts will be installed. If the rock is anisotropic, for example, bedded or schistose, the tests should be conducted in various orientations relative to the anisotropy, including those at which the construction bolt may be installed. In each rock type, at each orientation, and for each anchor system, a sufficient number of tests should be conducted to determine the average bolt capacities within a fixed uncertainty at the 95 % confidence level. The allowable uncertainty band depends on the project and involves such factors as the rock quality, expected project lifetime, and importance of the areas to be bolted. Its determination will require considerable engineering judgment. As a rough guideline, at least 10 to 12 pull tests for a single set of variables have been found necessary to satisfy the statistical requirements. Note 18212;Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method; the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 The objective of this test method is to measure the working and ultimate capacities of a rock bolt anchor. This method does not measure the entire roof support system. This method also does not include tests for pretensioned bolts or mine roof support system evaluation. 1.2 This test method is applicable to mechanical, cement grout, resin, (epoxy, polyester, and the like), or other similar anchor systems. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026......

Standard Test Method for Rock Bolt Anchor Pull Test

ASTM D4525-08 流动气体对岩石渗透性的标准试验方法

This test method is designed to measure the permeability to air of a small sample of rock. By extrapolation, this test method also determines an equivalent of the liquid permeability. This parameter is used to calculate the flow through rock of fluids subjected to a pressure differential. Note 18212;Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method, the measures of precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing them, and on the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means for evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of specific permeability for the flow of air through rocks. The procedure establishes representative values of the coefficient of permeability of rocks or well-indurated soils. 1.2 This test method is limited to permeability values greater than 0.9869 pm2 (1.0 picodarcy), and is limited to rocks free of oil or unctuous matter. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Permeability of Rocks by Flowing Air

ASTM D4612-08 计算岩石的热扩散系数的标准实施规范

The thermal diffusivity is a parameter that arises in the solution of transient heat conduction problems. It generally characterizes the rate at which a heat pulse will diffuse through a solid material. The number of parameters required for solution of a transient heat conduction problem depends on both the geometry and imposed boundary conditions. In a few special cases, only the thermal diffusivity of the material is required. In most cases, separate values of k, ρ, and cp are required in addition to α. This practice provides a consistent set of parameters for numerical or analytical heat conduction calculations related to heat transport through rocks. In order to use this practice for determination of the thermal diffusivity, all of the required parameters ( k, ρ, cp) must be determined under as near identical specimen conditions as possible. The diffusivity determined by this practice can only be used to analyze heat transport in rock under thermal conditions identical to those existing for the k, ρ, and cp measurements. Note 38212;Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method; the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.1.1 This practice involves calculation of the thermal diffusivity from measured values of the mass density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat at constant pressure. It is applicable for any materials where these data can be determined. The temperature range covered by this practice is 20 to 300°C. Note 18212;The diffusivity, as determined by this practice, is intended to be a volume average value, with the averaging volume being ≥ 2 × 10 −5 m3 (20 cm3). This requirement necessitates the use of specimens with volumes greater than the minimum averaging volume and precludes use of flash methods of measuring thermal diffusivity, such as the laser pulse technique. Note 28212;This practice is closely linked to the overall test procedure used in obtaining the primary data on density, specific heat, and conductivity. It cannot be used as a “stand alone” practice because the thermal diffusivity values calculated by this practice are dependent on the nature of the primary data base. The practice furnishes general guidelines but cannot be considered to be all-inclusive. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

Standard Practice for Calculating Thermal Diffusivity of Rocks

ASTM D5079-08 保存和运输岩芯样品的标准规范

The geologic characteristics and the intended use of the rock core samples determine the extent and type of preservation required. If engineering properties are to be determined for the core, it must be handled and preserved in such a way that the measured properties are not significantly influenced by mechanical damage, changes in chemistry, and environmental conditions of moisture and temperature, from the time that the core is recovered from the core drill until testing is performed. Drill core is also the sample record for the subsurface geology at the borehole location, and as such must be preserved for some period of time, in some cases indefinitely, for future geologic study. These practices present a selection of curatorial requirements which apply to the majority of projects. The requirements are given for a variety of rock types and project types ranging from small to large and from noncritical to critical. Noncritical projects are those in which failure of an element or the structure would result in negligible risk of injury and property loss, while there is great risk to property and life after failure of critical structures and projects. Guidance is given for the selection of those specific requirements which should be followed for a given project.1.1 These practices cover the preservation, transportation, storage, cataloging, retrieval, and post-test disposition of rock core samples obtained for testing purposes and geologic study. 1.2 These practices apply to both hard and soft rock, but exclude ice and permafrost. 1.3 These practices do not apply to those situations in which changes in volatile gas components, contamination of the pore fluids, or mechanical stress relaxation affect the intended use for the core. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This practice offers a set of instruction for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project''s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practices for Preserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples

ASTM D4394-08 用刚性板负荷法测定岩石质量现场变形模数的标准试验方法

Results of this type of test method are used to predict displacements in rock mass caused by loads from a structure or from underground construction. It is one of several tests that should be performed. The resulting in situ modulus is commonly less than the elastic modulus determined in the laboratory. The modulus is determined using an elastic solution for a uniformly distributed load (uniform stress) over a circular area acting on a semi-infinite elastic medium that produces a constant normal displacement of the loaded surface area of the medium. This test method is normally performed at ambient temperature, but equipment can be modified or substituted for operations at other temperatures.1.1 This test method covers the preparation, equipment, test procedure, and data reduction for determining in situ modulus of deformation of a rock mass using the rigid plate loading method. 1.2 This test method is designed to be conducted in an adit or small underground chamber; however, with suitable modifications it could be conducted at the surface. 1.3 This test method is usually conducted parallel or perpendicular to the anticipated axis of thrust, as dictated by the design load. 1.4 Time dependent tests can be performed but are to be reported in another standard. 1.5 Observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026. 1.5.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.7 The references appended to this standard contain further information on this test method. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Rigid Plate Loading Method

ASTM D4543-08 制备圆柱形岩心样品以及检验是否符合尺寸规格与形状公差的规程

p>The dimensional, shape, and surface tolerances of rock core specimens are important for determining rock properties of intact specimens. This is especially true for strong rocks, greater than 7250 psi (50 MPa). Dimensional and surface tolerance checks are required in the test methods listed in Section 2.1. To simplify test procedures in laboratories, the parts of those procedures that are common to the test methods in Section 2.1 are given in this standard. This procedure is applicable to all the standards listed in Section 2.1. However, specimens for Test Method D 2936 do not need to be machined or to meet the specified tolerances for flatness and parallelism. The moisture condition of the specimen at the time of the sample preparation can have a significant effect upon the strength and deformation characteristics of the rock. Good practice generally dictates that laboratory tests be made upon specimens representative of field conditions. Thus, it follows that the field moisture condition of the specimen should be preserved until the time of the test. In some instances, however, there may be reasons for testing specimens at other moisture contents, from saturation to dry. In any case, the moisture content of the test specimen should be tailored to the problem at hand. Excess moisture will affect the adhesion of resistance strain gages, if used, and the accuracy of their performance. Adhesives used to bond the rock to steel end pieces in the direct tension test will also be affected adversely by excess moisture. Note 28212;The quality of the result produced by these practices is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of these practices are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 These practices specify procedures for laboratory rock core test specimen preparation of rock core from drill core and block samples for strength and deformation testing and for determining the conformance of the test specimen dimensions with tolerances established by this practice. Cubical, rectangular, or other shapes are not covered by this practice. However, some of the information contained with in this practice and in standard Test Method C 170 may still be of use to preparing other test specimen shapes. 1.2 Rock is a complex engineering material that can vary greatly as a function of lithology, stress history, weathering, moisture content and chemistry, and other natural geologic processes. As such, it is not always possible to obtain or prepare rock core specimens that satisfy the desirable tolerances given in this practice. Most commonly, this situation presents itself with weaker, more porous, and poorly cemented rock types and rock types containing significant or weak (or both) structural features. For these and other rock types which are difficult to prepare, all reasonable efforts shall be made to prepare a specimen in accordance with this practice and for the intended test procedure. However, when it has been determined by trial that this is not possible, prepare the rock specimen to the closest tolerances practicable and consider this to be the best effort (Note 1) and report it as such and if allowable or necessary for the intended test, capping the ends of the specimen as discussed in this practice is permitted. Note 18212;Best effort in surface preparation refers to the use of a wel......

Standard Practices for Preparing Rock Core as Cylindrical Test Specimens and Verifying Conformance to Dimensional and Shape Tolerances

ASTM D4506-08 通过径向升高试验测定现场岩体物质变形模数的标准试验方法

Using this test method, a volume of rock large enough to take into account the influence of discontinuities on the properties of the rock mass is loaded. The test should be used when values are required which represent the true rock mass properties more closely than can be obtained through less expensive uniaxial jacking tests or other procedures. Note 18212;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method is used to determine the in situ modulus of deformation of rock mass by subjecting a test chamber of circular cross section to uniformly distributed radial loading; the consequent rock displacements are measured, from which elastic or deformation moduli may be calculated. The anisotropic deformability of the rock can also be measured and information on time-dependent deformation may be obtained. 1.2 This test method is based upon the procedures developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation featuring long extensometers (1). An alternative procedure is also available and is based on a reference bar (2). 1.3 Application of the test results is beyond the scope of this test method, but may be an integral part of some testing programs. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining In Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock Mass Using Radial Jacking Test

ASTM D4564-08 用套筒法现场测试土壤密度和单位重量的标准试验方法

This test method is used to determine the density of cohesionless soil used in the construction of earth embankments and road fills, or of cohesionless soils used for structure backfill, bedding and backfill for pipe, or filters. This test method is used as the basis for acceptance of soils compacted to a specified density or to a specified relative density. This test method may be useful in determining the density of cohesionless soils in a confined or limited space since this test method requires less working area than other methods. A predetermined calibration equation is necessary to use this procedure (see Annex A1). It is assumed there is a linear relationship between the density in place and the mass of dry soil per inch of test hole measured by the sleeve method. This may not be true for certain soils or the linear relationship may exist only for a particular range of densities. The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of soil in place by the sleeve method. 1.2 The sleeve method of determining the density of soil in place is used for cohesionless, granular soils for which other methods of determining the density (sand cone, test pit, and the like) may not be practical. Typically, the sleeve method is applicable for soils that are predominantly fine gravel size, with a maximum of 5 % fines, and a maximum particle size of ¾ in. (19.0 mm). Note 18212;There have been other methods developed for testing cohesionless soils. Compared to other methods, this procedure is convenient for field construction control testing because smaller and lighter equipment is used and the test can be performed in a smaller area. 1.3 A calibration equation is necessary in the application of this test method to obtain a reliable value of the in-place density of the soil (see Annex A1). The calibration equation is used to calculate the density of the soil in place from the mass of dry soil per inch of test hole measured by the sleeve method. 1.3.1 The calibration equation is predetermined for a particular soil type that is to be tested. When the soil changes significantly in either gradation or particle angularity, the calibration equation may have to be adjusted or redefined before the sleeve method can be used. 1.3.2 There may be certain soils meeting the general description in 1.2 for which a calibration equation may not be appropriate due to unsatisfactory correlation of the data. The sleeve method would not be applicable for these soils. 1.3.3 There may be certain soils meeting the description in 1.2 for which the calibration equation may be applicable only for a certain range of densities. The sleeve method will give reliable values of the density in place only within that range of densities. 1.4 This test method uses inch-pound units with SI rationalized units; that is, a combined standard. 1.4.1 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result......

Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sleeve Method

ASTM D4546-08 粘性土的单维膨胀或沉降趋势的标准试验方法

The soil swell/collapse strains measured from these test methods can be used to develop estimates of heave or settlement for a confined soil profile subject to one-dimensional heave or settlement, or stress-induced settlement following wetting-induced heave/settlement. They can also be used to estimate the pressure that would be necessary to prevent swelling. Selection of test method, loading, and inundation sequences should, as closely as possible, simulate field conditions because relatively small variations in unit weight and water content, or sequence of loading and wetting can significantly alter the test results. (See 6.1.8 and Refs (1-5).) Note 28212;Notwithstanding the statement on precision and bias contained in this standard: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the test and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.1.1 These test methods cover three alternative laboratory methods for measuring free swell, swell pressure, and the magnitude of one-dimensional swell or collapse of compacted or intact cohesive soils. Note 18212;Refer to Sections 4, 5, 6 and 13.8 to determine the best method for a particular application. 1.2 The test methods can be used to measure the magnitude of one-dimensional wetting-induced swell or collapse (hydrocompression) under different vertical (axial) pressures, as well as the magnitude of swell pressure and the magnitude of free swell. It can also be used to obtain data for stress-induced compression following wetting-induced swell or collapse. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are approximate. 1.4 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026. 1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Swell or Settlement Potential of Cohesive Soils