Z12 液体介质与植物、动物、人体器官采样方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM D4411-03(2008) 运动中河流泥沙抽样的标准指南

This guide is general and is intended as a planning guide. To satisfactorily sample a specific site, an investigator must sometimes design new sampling equipment or modify existing equipment. Because of the dynamic nature of the transport process, the extent to which characteristics such as mass concentration and particle-size distribution are accurately represented in samples depends upon the method of collection. Sediment discharge is highly variable both in time and space so numerous samples properly collected with correctly designed equipment are necessary to provide data for discharge calculations. General properties of both temporal and spatial variations are discussed.1.1 This guide covers the equipment and basic procedures for sampling to determine discharge of sediment transported by moving liquids. Equipment and procedures were originally developed to sample mineral sediments transported by rivers but they are applicable to sampling a variety of sediments transported in open channels or closed conduits. Procedures do not apply to sediments transported by flotation. 1.2 This guide does not pertain directly to sampling to determine nondischarge-weighted concentrations, which in special instances are of interest. However, much of the descriptive information on sampler requirements and sediment transport phenomena is applicable in sampling for these concentrations, and 9.2.8 and 13.1.3 briefly specify suitable equipment. Additional information on this subject will be added in the future. 1.3 The cited references are not compiled as standards; however they do contain information that helps ensure standard design of equipment and procedures. 1.4 Information given in this guide on sampling to determine bedload discharge is solely descriptive because no specific sampling equipment or procedures are presently accepted as representative of the state-of-the-art. As this situation changes, details will be added to this guide. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 12.

Standard Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion

ASTM D5495-03 混合废液取样器取样标准规程(COLIWASA)

1.1 This practice describes the procedure for sampling liquids with the composite liquid waste sampler, or "COLIWASA." The COLIWASA is an appropriate device for obtaining a representative sample from stratified or unstratified liquids. Its most common use is for sampling containerized liquids, such as tanks, barrels, and drums. It may also be used for pools and other open bodies of stagnant liquid. Note 18212;A limitation of the COLIWASA is that the stopper mechanism may not allow collection of approximately the bottom inch of material, depending on construction of the stopper.1.2 The COLIWASA should not be used to sample flowing or moving liquids.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling With a Composite Liquid Waste Sampler (COLIWASA)

ASTM D5495-03(2011) 混合废水液体采样器(COLIWASA)采样检查的标准操作规程

This practice is applicable to sampling liquid wastes and other stratified liquids. The COLIWASA is used to obtain a vertical column of liquid representing an accurate cross-section of the sampled material. To obtain a representative sample of stratified liquids, the COLIWASA should be open at both ends so that material flows through it as it is slowly lowered to the desired sampling depth. The COLIWASA must not be lowered with the stopper in place. Opening the stopper after the tube is submerged will cause material to flow in from the bottom layer only, resulting in gross over-representation of that layer. This practice is to be used by personnel acquiring samples. This practice should be used in conjunction with Guide D4687 which covers sampling plans, safety, QA, preservation, decontamination, labeling and chain-of-custody procedures; Practice D5088 which covers decontamination of field equipment used at waste sites; Practice D5283 which covers project specifications and practices for environmental field operations, and Practice D5743 which covers drum sampling..1.1 This practice describes the procedure for sampling liquids with the composite liquid waste sampler, or “COLIWASA.” The COLIWASA is an appropriate device for obtaining a representative sample from stratified or unstratified liquids. Its most common use is for sampling containerized liquids, such as tanks, barrels, and drums. It may also be used for pools and other open bodies of stagnant liquid. Note 18212;A limitation of the COLIWASA is that the stopper mechanism may not allow collection of approximately the bottom inch of material, depending on construction of the stopper. 1.2 The COLIWASA should not be used to sample flowing or moving liquids. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling With a Composite Liquid Waste Sampler (COLIWASA)

SANS 5667-15:1999 水质．采样．第15部分：污泥和沉积物样品的保存和处理方法指南

Provides guidance on the procedures for preservation and handling of sewage and waterworks sludges, suspended matter, and saltwater and freshwater sediments for subsequent analysis.

Water quality - Sampling Part 15: Guidance on preservation and handling of sludge and sediment samples

DD ENV 12506-2000 废弃物特性.洗脱液分析.PH值、砷、镉、铬、铜、镍、铅、锌、C1(上标)-NODOWN2(上标)-、SODOWN4(上标)2-(上标)的测定

Characterization of waste. Analysis of eluates. Determination of pH, As, Cd, Cr VI, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, ClUP-, NODOWN2UP-, SODOWN4UP2UP-

ASTM E1611-00 带多毛纲环节动物的沉积物毒性试验用标准指南

1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of potentially contaminated sediment, or of a test material added experimentally to contaminated or uncontaminated sediment, on marine or estuarine infaunal polychaetes during 10-day or 20 to 28-day exposures. These procedures are useful for testing the effects of various geochemical characteristics of sediments on marine and estuarine polychaetes and could be used to assess sediment toxicity to other infaunal taxa, although modifications of the procedures appropriate to the test species might be necessary. Procedures for the 10-day static test are described for Neanthes arenaceodentata and Neanthes virens and for the 20 to 28-day static-renewal sediment toxicity for N. arenaceodentata.1.2 Modifications of these procedures might be appropriate for other sediment toxicity test procedures, such as flow-through or partial life-cycle tests. The methods outlined in this guide should also be useful for conducting sediment toxicity tests with other aquatic taxa, although modifications might be necessary. Other test organisms might include other species of polychaetes, crustaceans, and bivalves.1.3 Other modifications of these procedures might be appropriate for special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, the results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to those of many other tests. Comparisons of the results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting sediment tests with infaunal organisms.1.4 These procedures are applicable to sediments contaminated with most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, and known or unknown mixtures. These procedures can be used with appropriate modifications to conduct sediment toxicity tests on factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and natural sediment characteristics (for example, particle size distribution, organic carbon content, and total solids). These procedures can also be used to conduct bioconcentration tests and in situ tests, and to assess the toxicity of potentially contaminated field sediments, or of materials such as sewage sludge, oils, particulate matter, and solutions of toxicants added to sediments. A median lethal concentration (LC50) or median sublethal effect concentration (EC50) of toxicants or of highly contaminated sediment mixed into uncontaminated sediment can be determined. Materials adhering to sediment particles or dissolved in interstitial water can be tested.1.5 The results of 10-day toxicity tests with contaminated sediments can be reported as a LC50 if a series of concentrations is tested or as a percent mortality relative to a control or reference sediment. The results of 20 to 28-day toxicity tests with contaminated sediments can be reported as a LC50 if a series of concentrations is tested or as a percent mortality or growth relative to a control or reference sediment.1.6 This guide is arranged as follows: SectionReferenced DocumentsTerminologySummary of GuideSignificance and UseInterferencesApparatusFacilitiesConstruction MaterialsTest ChambersCleaningAcceptabilityHazards Test WaterGeneral RequirementsSourcePreparationCha......

Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Marine and Estuarine Polychaetous Annelids

ASTM E1611-00(2007) 带多毛纲环节动物的沉积物毒性试验用标准指南

1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of potentially contaminated sediment, or of a test material added experimentally to contaminated or uncontaminated sediment, on marine or estuarine infaunal polychaetes during 10-day or 20 to 28-day exposures. These procedures are useful for testing the effects of various geochemical characteristics of sediments on marine and estuarine polychaetes and could be used to assess sediment toxicity to other infaunal taxa, although modifications of the procedures appropriate to the test species might be necessary. Procedures for the 10-day static test are described for Neanthes arenaceodentata and Neanthes virens and for the 20 to 28-day static-renewal sediment toxicity for N. arenaceodentata.1.2 Modifications of these procedures might be appropriate for other sediment toxicity test procedures, such as flow-through or partial life-cycle tests. The methods outlined in this guide should also be useful for conducting sediment toxicity tests with other aquatic taxa, although modifications might be necessary. Other test organisms might include other species of polychaetes, crustaceans, and bivalves.1.3 Other modifications of these procedures might be appropriate for special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, the results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to those of many other tests. Comparisons of the results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting sediment tests with infaunal organisms.1.4 These procedures are applicable to sediments contaminated with most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, and known or unknown mixtures. These procedures can be used with appropriate modifications to conduct sediment toxicity tests on factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and natural sediment characteristics (for example, particle size distribution, organic carbon content, and total solids). These procedures can also be used to conduct bioconcentration tests and in situ tests, and to assess the toxicity of potentially contaminated field sediments, or of materials such as sewage sludge, oils, particulate matter, and solutions of toxicants added to sediments. A median lethal concentration (LC50) or median sublethal effect concentration (EC50) of toxicants or of highly contaminated sediment mixed into uncontaminated sediment can be determined. Materials adhering to sediment particles or dissolved in interstitial water can be tested.1.5 The results of 10-day toxicity tests with contaminated sediments can be reported as a LC50 if a series of concentrations is tested or as a percent mortality relative to a control or reference sediment. The results of 20 to 28-day toxicity tests with contaminated sediments can be reported as a LC50 if a series of concentrations is tested or as a percent mortality or growth relative to a control or reference sediment.1.6 This guide is arranged as follows:1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Polychaetous Annelids

ASTM D5739-00 用气相色谱法和正离子电子冲击低分辨率质谱法识别溢油源的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry to analyze and compare petroleum oil spills and suspected sources. 1.2 The probable source for a spill can be ascertained by the examination of certain unique compound classes that also demonstrate the most weathering stability. To a greater or lesser degree, certain chemical classes can be anticipated to chemically alter in proportion to the weathering exposure time and severity, and subsequent analytical changes can be predicted. This practice recommends various classes to be analyzed and also provides a guide to expected weathering-induced analytical changes. 1.3 This practice is applicable for moderately to severely degraded petroleum oils in the distillate range from diesel through Bunker C; it is also applicable for all crude oils with comparable distillation ranges. This practice may have limited applicability for some kerosenes, but it is not useful for gasolines. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Oil Spill Source Identification by Gas Chromatography and Positive Ion Electron Impact Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry

DIN EN ISO 5667-16:1999 水质.取样.第16部分:试样的生物试验方法指南

Water quality - Sampling - Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples (ISO 5667-16:1998); German version EN ISO 5667-16:1998

SANS 5667-2:1991 水质．采样．第2部分：采样技术指南

Provides guidance on sampling techniques used to obtain the data necessary to make analyses for the purposes of quality control, quality characterization and identification of sources of pollution of waters.

Water quality - Sampling Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques

SANS 5667-11:1993 水质．采样．第11部分：地下水采样导则

Provides guidance on the design of sampling programmes, sampling techniques and the handling of water samples taken from groundwater for physical, chemical and microbiological assessment.

Water quality - Sampling Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters

SANS 5667-4:1987 水质．采样．第4部分：天然湖水和人工湖水取样导则

Presents detailed principles to be applied to the design of sampling programmes, to sampling techniques and the handling and preservation of samples of water from natural and man-made lakes.

Water quality - Sampling Part 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes, natural and man-made

ASTM D6052-97 通过能量分散X-射线荧光性对液体有害废物制备和元素分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace and major element concentrations by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) in liquid hazardous waste (LHW). 1.2 This test method has been used successfully on numerous samples of aqueous and organic-based LHW for the determination of the following elements: Ag, As, Ba, Br, Cd, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sn, T1, V, and Zn. 1.3 This test method is applicable for other elements (Si-U) not listed in 1.2. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Preparation and Elemental Analysis of Liquid Hazardous Waste by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

ASTM D6052-97(2008) 通过能量分散X-射线荧光性对液体有害废物制备和元素分析的标准试验方法

The elemental analysis of liquid hazardous waste is often important for regulatory and process specific requirements. This test method provides the user an accurate, rapid method for trace and major element determinations.1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace and major element concentrations by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) in liquid hazardous waste (LHW). 1.2 This test method has been used successfully on numerous samples of aqueous and organic-based LHW for the determination of the following elements: Ag, As, Ba, Br, Cd, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, and Zn. 1.3 This test method is applicable for other elements (Si-U) not listed in 1.2. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Preparation and Elemental Analysis of Liquid Hazardous Waste by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

ASTM D6089-97(2010) 地下水取样过程文件形成的标准指南

When sampling ground-water monitoring wells, it is very important to thoroughly document all field activities. Sufficient field data should be retained to allow one to reconstruct the procedures and conditions that may have affected the integrity of a sample. The field data generated are vital to the interpretation of the chemical data obtained from laboratory analyses of samples. Field data and observations may also be useful to analytical laboratory personnel.1.1 This guide covers what and how information should be recorded in the field when sampling a ground-water monitoring well. Following these recommendations will provide adequate documentation in most monitoring programs. In some situations, it may be necessary to record additional or different information, or both, to thoroughly document the sampling event. In other cases, it may not be necessary to record all of the information recommended in this guide. The level of documentation will be based on site-specific conditions and regulatory requirements. 1.2 This guide is limited to written documentation of a ground-water sampling event. Other methods of documentation (that is, electronic and audiovisual) can be used but are not addressed in this guide. The specific activities addressed in this guide include documentation of static water level measurement, monitoring well purging, monitoring well sampling, field measurements, ground-water sample preparation, and ground-water sample shipment. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Documenting a Groundwater Sampling Event

ASTM D6052-97(2003) 通过能量分散X-射线荧光性对液体有害废物制备和元素分析的标准试验方法

The elemental analysis of liquid hazardous waste is often important for regulatory and process specific requirements. This test method provides the user an accurate, rapid method for trace and major element determinations.1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace and major element concentrations by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) in liquid hazardous waste (LHW). 1.2 This test method has been used successfully on numerous samples of aqueous and organic-based LHW for the determination of the following elements: Ag, As, Ba, Br, Cd, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sn, T1, V, and Zn. 1.3 This test method is applicable for other elements (Si-U) not listed in 1.2. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Preparation and Elemental Analysis of Liquid Hazardous Waste by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

BS 6068-6.12:1996 水质.取样.底部沉淀物取样导则

Applicable to rivers and streams, lakes, estuarine and harbour areas. To be read in conjunction with BS EN 25667-1:1994, BS EN 25667-2:1993, BS EN ISO 5667-3:1996

Water quality. Sampling. Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments

NF T90-513:1996 水质.取样.第3部分:样品的保存和运输指南

Water quality. Sampling. Part 3 : guidance on the preservation and handling of samples.

ASTM D5903-96e1 地下水取样结果的规划和准备标准指南

1.1 This guide covers planning and preparing for a ground-water sampling event. It includes technical and administrative considerations and procedures. Example checklists are also provided as Appendices.1.2 This guide may not cover every consideration procedure, or both, that is necessary before all ground-water sampling projects. In karst or fractured rock terranes, it may be appropriate to collect ground water samples from springs (see Guide D 5717). This guide focuses on sampling of ground water from monitoring wells; however, most of the guidance herein can apply to the sampling of springs as well.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Planning and Preparing for a Groundwater Sampling Event

ASTM D5903-96(2006) 地下水取样结果的制备和规划标准指南

The success of a sampling event is influenced by adequate planning and preparation. Use of this guide will help the ground-water sampler to methodically execute the planning and preparation. This guide should be used by a professional or technician that has training or experience in ground-water sampling.1.1 This guide covers planning and preparing for a ground-water sampling event. It includes technical and administrative considerations and procedures. Example checklists are also provided as Appendices.1.2 This guide may not cover every consideration procedure, or both, that is necessary before all ground-water sampling projects. In karst or fractured rock terranes, it may be appropriate to collect ground water samples from springs (see Guide D 5717). This guide focuses on sampling of ground water from monitoring wells; however, most of the guidance herein can apply to the sampling of springs as well.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Planning and Preparing for a Groundwater Sampling Event