质谱与紫外检测器的异同

上一篇 / 下一篇 2007-08-22 01:02:16/ 个人分类：质谱

转自丁香园，作者：Cooks

你可以把质谱理解为一个检测器，就如常用的紫外检测器一样。

那我们想想，紫外检测器能提供什么信号呢？紫外检测器只能对那些在紫外区（一般为190-400 nm）有吸收的化合物有信号，也就是可以看到高出本底的色谱峰。这时候的信号仅能提供化合物相对量或者绝对量（需要标准物质）的信息，假如单波长紫外检测器改为DAD，那么这时候除了提供被分析物质量的信息以外，还能提供化合物的定性信息（特征吸收峰）。但DAD的紫外图谱作为定性的依据存在专署性差的问题（很明显，一张紫外图谱一般只有几个峰，并且都是很宽的峰，表示的信息当然很有限了）。

那么质谱作为检测器能提供什么信息？

1、定量信息

2、定性信息

下面我们具体分析一下，从定量和定性两方面质谱到底优于紫外的有哪些地方：

首先说定量，

(1)从可分析的化合物方面，质谱大大超过UV，比如没有紫外吸收或仅有末端吸收的化合物（皂甙、萜类、糖等），用质谱分析具有很大的优势。一般只要化合物能够被电离，就可以被分析。极性比较大的化合物可用ESI源，极性比较小的用APCI源，而对于那些极性非常小的化合物，比如多环芳烃类化合物，即便用APCI相应也很差，可以考虑用APPI。

(2)从灵敏度上看，一般质谱比紫外高1-2个数量级，假如采用SRM模式，灵敏度会更高，我们测过的生物样品最低可测到pg/mL(麦角甾酮类化合物)。

(3)从分析的速度和样品的通量上看，假如你用HPLC-UV作定量的话，必须把要分析的化合物与其他所有干扰物质分开，这个问题在分析体内样品的时候尤其严重。而用质谱的话，大部分情况你根本不用考虑分离，就可以实现定量，我们以前做的许多生物利用度的项目的分析方法都是死时间出峰的（Rt~=2 min）。这样的分析速度，我们每天可以测定大于200个样本，这时单纯的液相方法无法比拟的。

(4)当然还有其它更多的指标，这和不同厂家的仪器也有关，以后我们再详细探讨。

接下来再看看定性方面，我们以离子阱为例（定性是离子阱的强项）：

(1)提供整个结构的信息。相对于DAD仅提供官能团的信息，质谱提供的信息丰富多了，尤其是多极质谱。有时候我们仅通过质谱就可以确定为之化合物的结构，给你一篇最新参考文献（Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2006; 20: 2328-2342）

(2)辅助代谢产物鉴定，这方面也是质谱应用很广的一个领域。生物体内的代谢产物，往往很微量，直接分离得到相当困难，假如没有质谱技术，现在代谢物的鉴定将会是非常困难的。一方面质谱可以提供代谢物的碎片信息，辅助你推断代谢物的结构，然后你可以通过微生物转化或者合成的方法，得到代谢，从而最终确定代谢产物的结构；另一方面，也可以通过质谱直接确定代谢产物的结构，比如一些二相代谢产物（葡萄糖醛酸结合物等）。

====================
液质在中药方面的应用主要（国外文献）是集中在药材的基础研究上，比如使用多种质谱技术快速鉴定中药中的已知和未知化合物，而不需要像传统的方法那样进行植化分离，大大节省了成本和时间。
下面是我整理的一些文献：
[1] O. Silva, E.T. Gomes, J.L. Wolfender, A. Marston, K. Hostettmann, Pharm Res 17 (2000) 1396-1401.

[2] E. Hvattum, C. Rosjo, T. Gjoen, G. Rosenlund, B. Ruyter, J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 748 (2000) 137-149.

[3] N. Fabre, C. Claparols, S. Richelme, M.L. Angelin, I. Fouraste, C. Moulis, J Chromatogr A 904 (2000) 35-46.

[4] T. Kamo, N. Hirai, M. Tsuda, D. Fujioka, H. Ohigashi, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 64 (2000) 2089-2098.

[5] A.E. Mitchell, J. Lakritz, A.D. Jones, Arch Toxicol 74 (2000) 215-221.

[6] T. Kujala, K. Klika, V. Ovcharenko, J. Loponen, M. Vienola, K. Pihlaja, Z Naturforsch [C] 56 (2001) 714-718.

[7] H.W. Ji, X.L. Ding, G.J. Tao, Se Pu 19 (2001) 403-406.

[8] T. Pacher, M. Bacher, O. Hofer, H. Greger, Phytochemistry 58 (2001) 129-135.

[9] C. Bicchi, G. Appendino, C. Cordero, P. Rubiolo, D. Ortelli, J.L. Veuthey, Phytochem Anal 12 (2001) 255-262.

[10] C.W. Huck, G.K. Bonn, Phytochem Anal 12 (2001) 104-109.

[11] I. Gerasimenko, Y. Sheludko, M. Unger, J. Stockigt, Phytochem Anal 12 (2001) 96-103.

[12] L. Rastrelli, F. De Simone, G. Mora, J.L. Poveda, R. Aquino, J Nat Prod 64 (2001) 79-81.

[13] N. Fuzzati, B. Gabetta, I. Strepponi, F. Villa, J Chromatogr A 926 (2001) 187-198.

[14] G. Takeoka, L. Dao, R.Y. Wong, R. Lundin, N. Mahoney, J Agric Food Chem 49 (2001) 3316-3320.

[15] Y. Xiang, L.J. Li, Z. Abliz, Yao Xue Xue Bao 37 (2002) 389-395.

[16] F. Cuyckens, M. Claeys, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 16 (2002) 2341-2348.

[17] H. Danz, D. Baumann, M. Hamburger, Planta Med 68 (2002) 152-157.

[18] B. Weckerle, T. Gati, G. Toth, P. Schreier, Phytochemistry 60 (2002) 409-414.

[19] K.P. Madhusudanan, S.K. Chattopadhyay, V. Tripathi, K.V. Sashidhara, S. Kumar, Phytochem Anal 13 (2002) 18-30.

[20] G. Arramon, C. Saucier, D. Colombani, Y. Glories, Phytochem Anal 13 (2002) 305-310.

[21] Q. Tian, D. Li, B.S. Patil, Phytochem Anal 13 (2002) 251-256.

[22] J.Q. Dai, Y.P. Shi, L. Yang, Y. Li, Pharmazie 57 (2002) 340-342.

[23] G.T. Maatooq, A.A. Gohar, J.J. Hoffmann, Pharmazie 57 (2002) 282-285.

[24] A. Aharoni, C.H. Ric de Vos, H.A. Verhoeven, C.A. Maliepaard, G. Kruppa, R. Bino, D.B. Goodenowe, Omics 6 (2002) 217-234.

[25] O. Sjovali, A. Kuksis, H. Kallio, Lipids 37 (2002) 81-94.

[26] S.P. Yang, Y. Wu, J.M. Yue, J Nat Prod 65 (2002) 1041-1044.

[27] F. Lepine, S. Milot, L. Zamir, R. Morel, J Mass Spectrom 37 (2002) 216-222.

[28] C.W. Huck, M.R. Buchmeiser, G.K. Bonn, J Chromatogr A 943 (2002) 33-38.

[29] R. Guerranti, J.C. Aguiyi, S. Neri, R. Leoncini, R. Pagani, E. Marinello, J Biol Chem 277 (2002) 17072-17078.

[30] T. Arao, C. Fuke, H. Takaesu, M. Nakamoto, Y. Morinaga, T. Miyazaki, J Anal Toxicol 26 (2002) 222-227.

[31] S. Piacente, V. Carbone, A. Plaza, A. Zampelli, C. Pizza, J Agric Food Chem 50 (2002) 5621-5625.

[32] D. Ryan, M. Antolovich, T. Herlt, P.D. Prenzler, S. Lavee, K. Robards, J Agric Food Chem 50 (2002) 6716-6724.

[33] C. Romero, M. Brenes, P. Garcia, A. Garrido, J Agric Food Chem 50 (2002) 3835-3839.

[34] W.M. Draper, D. Wijekoon, M. McKinney, P. Behniwal, S.K. Perera, C.P. Flessel, J Agric Food Chem 50 (2002) 1852-1858.

[35] K. Rumbold, H. Okatch, N. Torto, M. Siika-Aho, G. Gubitz, K.H. Robra, B. Prior, Biotechnol Bioeng 78 (2002) 822-828.

[36] X.F. Li, M. Ma, K. Scherban, Y.K. Tam, Analyst 127 (2002) 641-646.

[37] G.R. Eldridge, H.C. Vervoort, C.M. Lee, P.A. Cremin, C.T. Williams, S.M. Hart, M.G. Goering, M. O'Neil-Johnson, L. Zeng, Anal Chem 74 (2002) 3963-3971.

[38] D.B. Clarke, A.S. Lloyd, N.P. Botting, M.F. Oldfield, P.W. Needs, H. Wiseman, Anal Biochem 309 (2002) 158-172.

[39] R.L. Ma, H.H. Zhou, X.S. Yu, L.S. Sheng, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 28 (2003) 817-819.

[40] Q.D. Liang, W.H. Li, H.X. Wang, S.Q. Wang, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 28 (2003) 632-635.

[41] X.Y. Wu, L.Q. Yang, J. Chen, Yao Xue Xue Bao 38 (2003) 846-849.

[42] J.P. Antignac, R. Cariou, B. Le Bizec, J.P. Cravedi, F. Andre, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17 (2003) 1256-1264.

[43] G.C. Kite, M. Ismail, M.S. Simmonds, P.J. Houghton, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17 (2003) 1553-1564.

[44] G.C. Kite, M.J. Howes, C.J. Leon, M.S. Simmonds, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17 (2003) 238-244.

[45] W. Li, Y. Sun, W. Liang, J.F. Fitzloff, R.B. van Breemen, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17 (2003) 978-982.

[46] Q.P. Yang, X.L. Kou, K.B. Fugal, J.L. McLaughlin, Phytomedicine 10 (2003) 200-205.

[47] Y. Yamazaki, A. Urano, H. Sudo, M. Kitajima, H. Takayama, M. Yamazaki, N. Aimi, K. Saito, Phytochemistry 62 (2003) 461-470.

[48] S.T. Abdullah, A. Ali, H. Hamid, M. Ali, S.H. Ansari, M.S. Alam, Pharmazie 58 (2003) 216-217.

[49] T.T. Jong, M.R. Lee, S.S. Hsiao, J.L. Hsai, T.S. Wu, S.T. Chiang, S.Q. Cai, J Pharm Biomed Anal 33 (2003) 831-837.

[50] P. Mauri, M. Minoggio, L. Iemoli, G. Rossoni, P. Morazzoni, E. Bombardelli, P. Pietta, J Pharm Biomed Anal 32 (2003) 633-639.

[51] X.B. Luo, B. Chen, S.Z. Yao, J.G. Zeng, J Chromatogr A 986 (2003) 73-81.

[52] J. Sherma, J AOAC Int 86 (2003) 873-881.

[53] R.D. Plattner, C.M. Maragos, J AOAC Int 86 (2003) 61-65.

[54] M. Wang, Y. Tadmor, Q.L. Wu, C.K. Chin, S.A. Garrison, J.E. Simon, J Agric Food Chem 51 (2003) 6132-6136.

[55] F. Gutierrez-Rosales, J.J. Rios, M.L. Gomez-Rey, J Agric Food Chem 51 (2003) 6021-6025.

[56] M.Y. Kim, K. Iwai, A. Onodera, H. Matsue, J Agric Food Chem 51 (2003) 6173-6177.

[57] C. Counet, S. Collin, J Agric Food Chem 51 (2003) 6816-6822.

[58] M. Ventura, C. Vallejos, I.A. Anaya, F. Broto-Puig, M. Agut, L. Comellas, J Agric Food Chem 51 (2003) 7564-7567.

[59] M. Hiemstra, A. de Kok, J Agric Food Chem 51 (2003) 5855-5860.

[60] J. Beike, B. Karger, T. Meiners, B. Brinkmann, H. Kohler, Int J Legal Med 117 (2003) 335-339.

[61] E. Bedir, H. Abou-Gazar, J.N. Ngwendson, I.A. Khan, Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 51 (2003) 1301-1303.

[62] V.V. Tolstikov, A. Lommen, K. Nakanishi, N. Tanaka, O. Fiehn, Anal Chem 75 (2003) 6737-6740.

[63] H. Luo, L. Chen, Z. Li, Z. Ding, X. Xu, Anal Chem 75 (2003) 3994-3998.

[64] S. Barrek, O. Paisse, M.F. Grenier-Loustalot, Anal Bioanal Chem 376 (2003) 355-359.

[65] T. Stoll, A. Schieber, R. Carle, Anal Bioanal Chem 377 (2003) 655-659.

[66] U. Kohlmeyer, E. Jantzen, J. Kuballa, S. Jakubik, Anal Bioanal Chem 377 (2003) 6-13.

[67] Q.D. Lang, B.P. Ma, W.H. Li, C. Zhang, H.X. Wang, S.G. Zhang, K.H. Wei, S.Q. Wang, Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 29 (2004) 334-339.

[68] S.Y. Xiao, G.A. Luo, Y.M. Wang, X.D. Yang, Q.L. Liang, Yao Xue Xue Bao 39 (2004) 127-131.

[69] X. Li, C. Yu, W. Sun, G. Liu, J. Jia, Y. Wang, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 (2004) 2878-2882.

[70] E.S. Ong, S.M. Len, A.C. Lee, P. Chui, K.F. Chooi, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 (2004) 2522-2530.

[71] L. Cui, Z. Abliz, M. Xia, L. Zhao, S. Gao, W. He, Y. Xiang, F. Liang, S. Yu, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 (2004) 184-190.

[72] G.C. Kite, M.J. Howes, M.S. Simmonds, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 (2004) 2859-2870.

[73] S. Wienkoop, M. Glinski, N. Tanaka, V. Tolstikov, O. Fiehn, W. Weckwerth, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 (2004) 643-650.

[74] A. Tolonen, J. Uusitalo, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 (2004) 3113-3122.

[75] D. Kammerer, R. Carle, A. Schieber, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 (2004) 1331-1340.

[76] N. Berardini, R. Carle, A. Schieber, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 (2004) 2208-2216.

[77] I. Parejo, O. Jauregui, F. Viladomat, J. Bastida, C. Codina, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 (2004) 2801-2810.

[78] M.J. Ford, G.J. Van Berkel, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 (2004) 1303-1309.

[79] C. Oberthur, M. Hamburger, Planta Med 70 (2004) 642-645.

[80] B. Ouattara, L. Angenot, P. Guissou, P. Fondu, J. Dubois, M. Frederich, O. Jansen, J.C. van Heugen, J.N. Wauters, M. Tits, Phytochemistry 65 (2004) 1145-1151.

[81] D.G. Popovich, D.D. Kitts, Phytochemistry 65 (2004) 337-344.

[82] O.M. Andersen, T. Fossen, K. Torskangerpoll, A. Fossen, U. Hauge, Phytochemistry 65 (2004) 405-410.

[83] M. DellaGreca, L. Previtera, F. Temussi, A. Zarrelli, Phytochem Anal 15 (2004) 184-188.

[84] B.T. Gaffney, H.M. Hugell, P.A. Rich, Phytochem Anal 15 (2004) 231-234.

[85] S.A. Hussein, Pharmazie 59 (2004) 304-308.

[86] K. Chan, S.H. Chui, D.Y. Wong, W.Y. Ha, C.L. Chan, R.N. Wong, Life Sci 75 (2004) 3157-3171.

[87] W.M. Stoggl, C.W. Huck, G.K. Bonn, J Sep Sci 27 (2004) 524-528.

[88] P. Del Boccio, D. Rotilio, J Sep Sci 27 (2004) 619-623.

[89] X. Zhu, B. Chen, M. Ma, X. Luo, F. Zhang, S. Yao, Z. Wan, D. Yang, H. Hang, J Pharm Biomed Anal 34 (2004) 695-704.

[90] H. Zhang, P. Shen, Y. Cheng, J Pharm Biomed Anal 34 (2004) 705-713.

[91] S.R. Gratz, C.L. Flurer, K.A. Wolnik, J Pharm Biomed Anal 36 (2004) 525-533.

[92] V. Carbone, P. Montoro, N. de Tommasi, C. Pizza, J Pharm Biomed Anal 34 (2004) 295-304.

[93] A.N. Begum, C. Nicolle, I. Mila, C. Lapierre, K. Nagano, K. Fukushima, S.M. Heinonen, H. Adlercreutz, C. Remesy, A. Scalbert, J Nutr 134 (2004) 120-127.

[94] Y. Gu, G. Wang, J.P. Fawcett, J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 801 (2004) 285-288.

[95] T.D. Grant, M. Montes-Bayon, D. LeDuc, M.W. Fricke, N. Terry, J.A. Caruso, J Chromatogr A 1026 (2004) 159-166.

[96] Q. Du, P. Chen, G. Jerz, P. Winterhalter, J Chromatogr A 1040 (2004) 147-149.

[97] D.G. Popovich, D.D. Kitts, J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18 (2004) 143-149.

[98] M. Karonen, M. Hamalainen, R. Nieminen, K.D. Klika, J. Loponen, V.V. Ovcharenko, E. Moilanen, K. Pihlaja, J Agric Food Chem 52 (2004) 7532-7540.

[99] A.L. Piccinelli, F. De Simone, S. Passi, L. Rastrelli, J Agric Food Chem 52 (2004) 5863-5868.

[100] L. Blok-Tip, B. Zomer, F. Bakker, K.D. Hartog, M. Hamzink, J. Ten Hove, M. Vredenbregt, D. De Kaste, Food Addit Contam 21 (2004) 737-748.

[101] S.C. Rastogi, R. Bossi, J.D. Johansen, T. Menne, G. Bernard, E. Gimenez-Arnau, J.P. Lepoittevin, Contact Dermatitis 50 (2004) 367-370.

[102] L. Liu, Y. Cheng, H. Zhang, Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 52 (2004) 1295-1301.

[103] M. Toyota, I. Omatsu, J. Braggins, Y. Asakawa, Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 52 (2004) 481-484.

[104] M. Ichimaru, N. Nakatani, T. Takahashi, Y. Nishiyama, M. Moriyasu, A. Kato, S.G. Mathenge, F.D. Juma, J.N. Nganga, Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 52 (2004) 138-141.

[105] S. Kobayashi, J. Watanabe, J. Kawabata, E. Fukushi, H. Shinmoto, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 68 (2004) 300-305.

[106] A. Tolonen, Z. Gyorgy, J. Jalonen, P. Neubauer, A. Hohtola, Biomed Chromatogr 18 (2004) 550-558.

[107] H.Y. Ji, H.W. Lee, H.J. Shim, S.H. Kim, W.B. Kim, H.S. Lee, Biomed Chromatogr 18 (2004) 173-177.

[108] J. Muthing, I. Meisen, P. Bulau, M. Langer, K. Witthohn, H. Lentzen, U. Neumann, J. Peter-Katalinic, Biochemistry 43 (2004) 2996-3007.

[109] S.Z. Choi, S.U. Choi, K.R. Lee, Arch Pharm Res 27 (2004) 164-168.

[110] Y. Bao, C. Li, H. Shen, F. Nan, Anal Chem 76 (2004) 4208-4216.

[111] A. Nordstrom, P. Tarkowski, D. Tarkowska, K. Dolezal, C. Astot, G. Sandberg, T. Moritz, Anal Chem 76 (2004) 2869-2877.

[112] A. Camean, I.M. Moreno, M.J. Ruiz, Y. Pico, Anal Bioanal Chem 380 (2004) 537-544.

[113] A. Schiber, K. Mihalev, N. Berardini, P. Mollov, R. Carle, Z Naturforsch [C] 60 (2005) 379-384.

[114] A.A. Shahat, F. Cuyckens, W. Wang, K.A. Abdel-Shafeek, H.A. Husseiny, S. Apers, S. Van Miert, L. Pieters, A.J. Vlietinck, M. Claeys, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 (2005) 2172-2178.

[115] R. Liu, M. Ye, H. Guo, K. Bi, D.A. Guo, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 (2005) 1557-1565.

[116] C. Cavaliere, P. Foglia, E. Pastorini, R. Samperi, A. Lagana, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 (2005) 3143-3158.

[117] H.L. Koh, A.J. Lau, E.C. Chan, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 (2005) 1237-1244.

[118] M. Ye, Y. Yan, D.A. Guo, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 (2005) 1469-1484.

[119] K. Schutz, D.R. Kammerer, R. Carle, A. Schieber, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 (2005) 179-186.

[120] H. Jiang, A.M. Solyom, B.N. Timmermann, D.R. Gang, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 (2005) 2957-2964.

[121] M. Sannomiya, P. Montoro, S. Piacente, C. Pizza, A.R. Brito, W. Vilegas, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 (2005) 2244-2250.

[122] T.R. Cataldi, F. Lelario, S.A. Bufo, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 (2005) 3103-3110.

[123] M. Yang, G.J. Wang, S.J. Wang, X.T. Li, Y.P. Xu, S.P. Wang, J.D. Xiang, S.R. Pan, G.X. Cao, W.C. Ye, Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19 (2005) 1619-1623.

[124] M.T. Gil-Agusti, N. Campostrini, L. Zolla, C. Ciambella, C. Invernizzi, P.G. Righetti, Proteomics 5 (2005) 710-718.

[125] E.F. Queiroz, J.R. Ioset, K. Ndjoko, A. Guntern, C.M. Foggin, K. Hostettmann, Phytochem Anal 16 (2005) 166-174.

[126] F. Wei, X.L. Cheng, L.Y. Ma, W.T. Jin, B.T. Schaneberg, I.A. Khan, R.C. Lin, Phytochem Anal 16 (2005) 222-230.

[127] W. Wu, F. Song, C. Yan, Z. Liu, S. Liu, J Pharm Biomed Anal 37 (2005) 437-446.

[128] Y. Sun, W. Li, J.F. Fitzloff, R.B. van Breemen, J Mass Spectrom 40 (2005) 373-379.

[129] C.C. Lee, P. Houghton, J Ethnopharmacol 100 (2005) 237-243.

[130] X. Li, C. Yu, Y. Cai, G. Liu, J. Jia, Y. Wang, J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 820 (2005) 41-47.

[131] L.X. Yan, D.A. Guo, J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 824 (2005) 244-248.

[132] Q. Du, L. Li, G. Jerz, J Chromatogr A 1077 (2005) 98-101.

[133] H.X. Liu, W.H. Lin, X.L. Wang, J.S. Yang, J Asian Nat Prod Res 7 (2005) 139-143.

[134] C.S. Yao, M. Lin, X. Liu, Y.H. Wang, J Asian Nat Prod Res 7 (2005) 131-137.

[135] G.Y. Li, J.H. Wang, X. Li, J Asian Nat Prod Res 7 (2005) 165-169.

[136] Y.Q. Guo, X. Li, Z.J. Ma, W.S. Cui, J.H. Wang, Z.X. Ju, J Asian Nat Prod Res 7 (2005) 157-160.

[137] D.L. Meng, X. Li, J.H. Wang, W. Li, J Asian Nat Prod Res 7 (2005) 181-184.

[138] P. Cao, X.F. Pu, S.L. Peng, X.R. Zhang, L.S. Ding, J Asian Nat Prod Res 7 (2005) 145-149.

[139] J.C. Altamirano, S.R. Gratz, K.A. Wolnik, J AOAC Int 88 (2005) 406-412.

[140] M. Ye, D. Guo, G. Ye, C. Huang, J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 16 (2005) 234-243.

[141] N. Berardini, R. Fezer, J. Conrad, U. Beifuss, R. Carle, A. Schieber, J Agric Food Chem 53 (2005) 1563-1570.

[142] A. Plaza, P. Montoro, A. Benavides, C. Pizza, S. Piacente, J Agric Food Chem 53 (2005) 2853-2858.

[143] A. Capocchi, D. Fontanini, V. Muccilli, V. Cunsolo, F. Saviozzi, R. Saletti, R. Lorenzi, S. Foti, L. Galleschi, J Agric Food Chem 53 (2005) 7976-7984.

[144] G.R. Takeoka, L.T. Dao, R.Y. Wong, L.A. Harden, J Agric Food Chem 53 (2005) 7630-7636.

[145] J.Y. Jo, E. Gonzalez de Mejia, M.A. Lila, J Agric Food Chem 53 (2005) 2489-2498.

[146] Y. Sudjaroen, R. Haubner, G. Wurtele, W.E. Hull, G. Erben, B. Spiegelhalder, S. Changbumrung, H. Bartsch, R.W. Owen, Food Chem Toxicol 43 (2005) 1673-1682.

[147] J. Muthing, I. Meisen, B. Kniep, J. Haier, N. Senninger, U. Neumann, M. Langer, K. Witthohn, J. Milosevic, J. Peter-Katalinic, Faseb J 19 (2005) 103-105.

[148] Q. Liang, H. Qian, W. Yao, Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester, Eng) 11 (2005) 93-101.

[149] Y. Jiang, P. Tu, Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 53 (2005) 1164-1166.

[150] A. Matthias, E.M. Gillam, K.G. Penman, N.J. Matovic, K.M. Bone, J.J. De Voss, R.P. Lehmann, Chem Biol Interact 155 (2005) 62-70.

[151] M.A. Anagnostopoulou, P. Kefalas, E. Kokkalou, A.N. Assimopoulou, V.P. Papageorgiou, Biomed Chromatogr 19 (2005) 138-148.

[152] B.J. Xu, L.K. Han, Y.N. Zheng, J.H. Lee, C.K. Sung, Arch Pharm Res 28 (2005) 180-185.