美国FDA分析方法验证指南中英文对照（二）

III. TYPES OF ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

A. Regulatory Analytical Procedure

A regulatory analytical procedure is the analytical procedure used to evaluate a defined characteristic of the drug substance or drug product. The analytical procedures in the U.S. Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF) are those legally recognized under section 501(b) of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act) as the regulatory analytical procedures for compendial items. For purposes of determining compliance with the Act, the regulatory analytical procedure is used.

III　分析方法的类型

A. 法定分析方法

法定分析方法是被用来评估原料药或制剂的特定性质的。USP/NF中的分析方法是法定的用于药典项目检测的分析方法。为了确认符合法规，需使用法定分析方法。

B. Alternative Analytical Procedure

An alternative analytical procedure is an analytical procedure proposed by the applicant for use instead of the regulatory analytical procedure. A validated alternative analytical procedure should be submitted only if it is shown to perform. equal to or better than the regulatory analytical procedure.

B. 替代分析方法

替代分析方法是申请者提出用于代替法定分析方法的分析方法。只有当一替代分析方法相当于或优于法定分析方法时，才可以应用验证过的替代分析方法。

If an alternative analytical procedure is submitted, the applicant should provide a rationale for its inclusion and identify its use (e.g., release, stability testing), validation data, and comparative data to the regulatory analytical procedure.
如果提交了替代分析方法，申请者还应当提供其理由，并标明其用途（如，放行，稳定性实验），验证资料及其与法定分析方法的对比资料。

C. Stability-Indicating Assay

A stability-indicating assay is a validated quantitative analytical procedure that can detect the changes with time in the pertinent properties of the drug substance and drug product.

C. 稳定性指示分析

稳定性指示分析是能检测出原料药或制剂的某些性质随着时间的延长而出现的变化的定量分析方法。

A stability-indicating assay accurately measures the active ingredients, without interference from degradation products, process impurities, excipients, or other potential impurities。

稳定性指示分析能不受降解产物，工艺杂质，赋形剂或其它潜在杂质的影响而准确测定其中的活性成分。

If an applicant submits a non-stability-indicating analytical procedure for release testing, then an analytical procedure capable of qualitatively and quantitatively monitoring the impurities, including degradation products, should complement it. Assay analytical procedures for stability studies should be stability-indicating, unless scientifically justified.

如果申请者递交了用于放行检测的非稳定性指示分析方法，则应当要有能定性和定量地监测杂质，包括降解产物，的分析方法对其进行补充。稳定性试验中所用的含量分析方法应当要有稳定性指示能力，除非有科学的理由能证明其合理性。

IV. REFERENCE STANDARDS

A. Types of Standards

A reference standard (i.e., primary standard) may be obtained from the USP/NF or other official sources (e.g., CBER, 21 CFR 610.20). If there are questions on whether a source of a standard would be considered by FDA to be an official source, applicants should contact the appropriate chemistry review staff. When there is no official source, a reference standard should be of the highest possible purity and be fully characterized.

IV 标准品

A．标准品的类型

可以从USP/NF处或其它官方(比如说，CBER，21CFR 610.20)获得标准品 (也就是一级对照品)。如果不能确定一标准品的来源是否会被FDA认为是官方来源，申请者应当要向适当的化学评审人员咨询。如果没有官方来源，则被用来作标准品的物质应当要有尽可能高的纯度，并得到充分界定。

A working standard (i.e., in-house or secondary standard) is a standard that is qualified against and used instead of the reference standard.

工作对照品 (也就是内部标准品或二级标准品)是根据一级对照品标定的，并用来代替一级对照品的。

B. Certificate of Analysis

A certificate of analysis (COA) for reference standards from non-official sources should be submitted in the section of the application on analytical procedures and controls. For standards from official sources, the user should ensure the suitability of the reference standard. The standard should be stored correctly and used within the established use interval.

B．分析报告单

对于非官方标准品，在申请的分析方法和控制章节中应当要提供该标准品的分析报告单。对于从官方获得的标准品，用户应当要确保标准品的适用性。应当正确储存标准品并在已确定的时间段内使用该标准品。

C. Characterization of a Reference Standard

Reference standards from USP/NF and other official sources do not require further characterization. A reference standard that is not obtained from an official source should be of the highest purity that can be obtained by reasonable effort, and it should be thoroughly characterized to ensure its identity, strength, quality, purity, and potency.

C．标准品的界定

从USP/NF及其它官方来源获得的标准品是不需要进一步界定的。非官方对照品要有尽可能高的纯度，并进行充分地界定以确保其结构，剂量，质量，纯度和效力。

The qualitative and quantitative analytical procedures used to characterize a reference standard are expected to be different from, and more extensive than, those used to control the identity, strength, quality, purity, and potency of the drug substance or the drug product. Analytical procedures used to Draft — Not for Implementation characterize a reference standard should not rely solely on comparison testing to a previously designated reference standard.

用于界定标准品的定性和定量分析方法应当要不同于用于控制原料药或制剂的结构，剂量，质量，纯度和效力的分析方法，要比它们更深入。用于标准品界定的分析方法不应仅仅是和先前的指定标准品进行比较实验。

Generally, this characterization information should include:

A brief description of the manufacture of the reference standard, if the manufacturing process differs from that of the drug substance. Any additional purification procedures used in the preparation of the reference standard should be described.

一般来说，界定资料应当要包括：

标准品的简单工艺描述，如果其生产工艺是否于其相应的原料药的话。应当要叙述制备标准品时所用的补充精制过程。

Legible reproductions of the relevant spectra, chromatograms, thin-layer chromatogram (TLC) photographs or reproductions, and other appropriate instrumental recordings. Data establishing purity. The data should be obtained by using appropriate tests, such as TLC, gas chromatography (GC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), phase solubility analysis, appropriate thermometric analytical procedures, and others as necessary.

相关光谱图，色谱图，TLC照片及其它仪器输出的清晰复印件。建立纯度的资料。应当要应用适当的检测方法来获得这些资料，比如说TLC，GC，HPLC，相溶解分析，适当的热分析方法及其它必要的分析方法。

Appropriate chemical attribute information, such as structural formula, empirical formula, and molecular weight. Information to substantiate the proof of structure should include appropriate analytical tests, such as elemental analysis, infrared spectrophotometry (IR), ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS), as well as applicable functional group analysis. Detailed interpretation of the test data in support of the claimed structure should be provided.

适当的化学性质资料，比如结构式，经验式和分子量等。结构确证资料应当要包括适当的分析测试，比如元素分析，IR，UV,NMR和MS，及适用的官能团分析。还应当要提供具体的结构解析资料。

A physical description of the material, including its color and physical form. Appropriate physical constants such as melting range, boiling range, refractive index, dissociation constants (pK values), and optical rotation. A detailed description of the analytical procedures used to characterize the reference standard.

物理性质的描述，包括颜色和物理形态。 适当的物理常数，比如说熔程，沸程，折射率，离解常数(pK值)和旋光度。用于界定标准品的分析程序的详细叙述。

For biotechnological/biological product reference standards, the recommendations on characterization information above may apply and should be considered. However, additional and/or different tests would be important to assess physicochemical characteristics, structural characteristics, biological activity, and/or immunochemical activity.

至于生物技术/生物产品的标准品，应当要考虑上述建议，可能可以应用。然而，其它确定物理化学性质，结构特性，生物活性和/或免疫化学活性的补充检测和/或其它检测将是非常重要的。

Physicochemical determinations may include isoform, electrophoretic, and liquid chromatographic patterns, as well as spectroscopic profiles. Structural characterization may include a determination of amino acid sequence, amino acid composition, peptide map, and carbohydrate structure. Biological and/or immunochemical activity should be assessed using the same analytical procedures used to determine product potency.

物理化学性质包括异构体，电泳和液相色谱行为及光谱性质等。结构界定可能包括氨基酸序列，氨基酸组成，缩氨酸图和碳水结构。确定生物和/或免疫化学活性的分析方法应当要和用来确定产品效力的分析方法一样。

These can include animal-based, cell culture-based, biochemical, or ligand/receptor-binding assays. While these tests may be needed for complete characterization of certain reference standards, specific recommendations for validation of biological and immunochemical tests are not contained in this guidance document.

这些分析方法可以包括基于动物的，细胞培养的，生物化学的或配位体/接受体螯合的分析方法。如果这些检测需用于某些标准品的界定，生物和免疫化学检测的分析方法验证方面的特殊建议并不在本指南的范围之内。

V. METHODS VALIDATION FOR INDs 

For an investigational new drug, sufficient information is required in each phase of an investigation to ensure proper identification, quality, purity, strength, and/or potency. The amount of information on analytical procedures and methods validation necessary will vary with the phase of the investigation (21 CFR 312.23(a)(7)).

V．IND中的分析方法验证
对于IND而言，每个阶段的研究都需要有足够的资料以确保合适的认定，质量，纯度，剂量和/或效力。所需的分析方法和方法验证方面的资料会随着研究的阶段变化而变化(21　CFR　312.23(a)(7))。

For general guidance on analytical procedures and methods validation information to be submitted for phase 1 studies, sponsors should refer to the FDA guidance for industry on Content and Format of Investigational New Drug Applications (INDs) for Phase 1 Studies of Drugs, Including Well- Characterized, Therapeutic, Biotechnology-Derived Products (November 1995).

关于在第1阶段研究所需提交的分析方法和方法验证资料方面的指南，发起人可以参考FDA的指南：药品（包括结构确定的，有疗效的，生物技术产品）第1阶段研究的IND申请的内容和格式（1995年11月）。

General guidance regarding analytical procedures and methods validation information to be submitted for phase 2 or phase 3 studies will be provided in the FDA guidance for industry INDs for Phase 2 and 3 Studies of Drugs, Including Specified Therapeutic Biotechnology-Derived Products, Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls Content and Format, when finalized (draft guidance published April 1999).

第2和第3阶段研究所需提交的分析方法和方法验证资料方面的指南，发起人将可以参考FDA的指南：药品（包括结构确定的，有疗效的，生物技术产品）第1阶段研究的IND申请的CMC内容和格式（草案，1999年4月）。

All analytical procedures should be fully developed and validation completed when the NDA, ANDA, BLA, or PLA is submitted.

在递交NDA，ANDA，BLA或PLA时，所有的分析方法都应当要开发出来，并得到验证。