奥巴马就职演讲全文及其他

My fellow citizens:

I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.

Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebearers, and true to our founding documents.

So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.

That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.

These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land -- a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.

Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America: They will be met.

On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.

On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.

We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.

In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the fainthearted -- for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things -- some celebrated, but more often men and women obscure in their labor -- who have carried us up the long, rugged path toward prosperity and freedom.

For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.

For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.

For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn.

Time and again, these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.

This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions -- that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.

For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act -- not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform. our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.

Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions -- who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.

What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them -- that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works -- whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account -- to spend wisely, reform. bad habits, and do our business in the light of day -- because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.

Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control -- and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart -- not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.

As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: Know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.

Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.

We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort -- even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.

For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus -- and nonbelievers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.

To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West: Know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.

To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.

As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment -- a moment that will define a generation -- it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.

For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.

Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends -- hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism -- these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility -- a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world; duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.

This is the price and the promise of citizenship.

This is the source of our confidence -- the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.

This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed -- why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent Mall, and why a man whose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.

So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:

“Let it be told to the future world ... that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive... that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it].”

America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested, we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back, nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.

奥巴马就职演讲摘要

我今天站在这里，因面前的任务感到谦卑，因你们的信任而感激。感谢布什总统为我们国家所做的贡献，以及在交接工作中的慷慨合作。

经济

人们担心美国走下坡路不可避免，挑战很现实、很严肃，不容易解决。但我们必须面对这些挑战。

今天我们聚集在这里，选择希望而不是担心，团结而不是意见，克服抱怨和不切实际的承诺。美国仍然是年轻的国家，现在我们要重新凝聚团结精神，推动一代代传承的思想。

我们国家是伟大的，这一道路没有捷径。对追求名誉、财富、舒适的人，这不是你们的道路。很多无名的人奋斗并且牺牲，做出了贡献，成就了西方的繁荣。我们看到，个人的牺牲成就了国家财富，我们仍然是最强大的国家，我们的工人仍然是有创造力的，服务是有需求的，没有受到影响。

但这个时代受到挑战，短视的利益不合适宜，必须凝聚力量，重新塑造美国。

环视周围，要求我们作出迅速大胆行动。除了新的工作、基础设施，还要建设网络桥梁，推动教育科技的发展，发展清洁能源，培训大学教师，这些是我们能够做的，将会做的。

有人质疑我们不会有大计划。他们忘了国家已有的成就，他们不了解美国发生了转变。我们的公共资金会妥善分配，恢复人们与政府的宝贵信任。不要再问市场是不是重要的力量，市场分配财富的力量已经变得不均衡，只有支持富人不能继续下去。重要的是每个人的能力，要关注我们共同的财富和意愿。

安全

我们通过力量保护自我，而不是滥用武器，要谨慎使用武器，这样才能显示谦卑。按照这种原则，我们可以应对挑战，加强各国合作了解，结束伊拉克战争，保障阿富汗安全。对通过谋杀无辜者推动自己生活方式的人，你们不可能消灭我们，我们将消灭你们。

外交

美国已经因为内战、种族分歧受尽苦难，不能够走回头路。美国要对这个世界起作用。对于穆斯林国家，我们有共同的利益。对于贫穷国家，我们会站在你们身旁。对于富裕国家，我们不能再忽视其他国家的窘境，不能再浪费资源。

责任感

我们需要一个有责任感的新时代。每个美国人都应认识到对国家、世界的责任。要推动这一责任感，塑造我们的个性。这是每个国民的承诺，是信心来源。

无论什么种族和信仰，今天都可以参加这个伟大的庆典。40多年前，有些人甚至无法出席公共活动，现在却可以站在这里听我的发言。

我们必须铭记这一天：我们是谁。在最寒冷的时候，我们的先辈这样说：让我们告诉未来的世界，只有希望和美德可以生存。在严寒冬天面前，让我们勇敢面对风暴。我们不会失败。

谢谢大家，上帝保佑美国。

奥巴马带来的视觉冲击比演说内容还重要

奥巴马1月20日正式宣誓为美国第44任总统，随后发表大家期盼已久的就职演说，演说中，奥巴马回顾先辈筚路蓝缕开创美国的艰辛，他也呼吁美国人建立信心、团结一致，专家认为，在演说内容外，更重要的是奥巴马的背景与美国的现状，造就了这场演说的代表性。

奥巴马在就职演说中表示，美国正面临各种困难，“在这一天，我们聚在一起，因为我们选择希望而非恐惧，有意义的团结而非纷争和不合。”

他呼吁美国人建立信心与责任感、克服困难、贡献自己的力量。“我们现在需要一个勇於负责的新时代，每一个美国人都体认到我们对自己、对国家、对世界负有责任。”

美国维吉尼亚大学(University of Virginia)米勒公共政策中心副教授、总统口述历史计划主任莱利(Russell Riley)对多维社表示，这场就职演说最鼓舞人心的地方，是奥巴强调如今美国的统一与伟大，是美国先辈长久以来努力的结果。

“奥巴马3度回顾美国先辈是如何辛勤建立起美国的经济、军队、社会等，他以过去艰困时刻人民仍怀抱信心为例，指出目前的危机也能化解。”莱利说。

研究种族、政治、总统领导等议题的莱利，着有《种族不对等的总统任职与政治》等书，他表示，奥巴马在演说中要求人民贡献心力、尽自己的责任，“奥巴马把这个当作新政府的一个主题。”

至于这场演说在历届总统就职演说中的地位，莱利认为，此次可以说是美国历史上的就职演说中，具高度鼓舞的一次。“不过我认为其中一个重要的因素是演说者，一个年轻的非裔站在就职演说台上，在最高法院大法官罗伯斯(John Roberts)的面前宣誓为总统，让这成为美国历史上最具代表性的一刻，这样的视觉冲击，会反而比就职演说的内容还要重要。”

“这不是说演说内容不够好，而是新总统这个人的代表性胜过了演说内容。”莱利对多维社说。

不过，真正的挑战等待前方。莱利指出，对奥巴马来说，困难才正式开始。“虽然我们不该低估奥巴马一路走来所遭遇到的困难，他的确做了一些了不起的事，才让他坐上总统的位置，不过，与目前他将要面对的相比，之前他所遭遇到的困难显得简单多了。”

莱利认为，如今的危机严重得多，它将测试美国的政策方向与政治体制。“这是一个非对等的政府交接，因为公众对新总统的期望、对新总统的文化背景在意度上，都与对布什的强度不一样。”

美国波士顿学院(Boston College)传播系教授赫贝克(Dale A. Herbeck)则对多维社分析，就职演说让最多人讨论的地方便是：“我们聚在一起，因为我们选择希望而非恐惧”(we gather because we have chosen hope over fear)。

“我认为这句和另一句话：‘我们准备再次领导’(we are ready to lead once more)，其中有一句可做为这场演说的代表性句子。”研究政治辩论、言论自由、政治沟通、电子媒体等领域的赫贝克说。

着有《美国的演说自由》等书的赫贝克认为，一场演说中令人印象深刻的句子应该是最重要也最能记忆的。“虽然演说也提到一些重要的现况，例如‘乌云密布，时局动荡’，但我认为最让人记忆深刻的是最鼓舞人心、最乐观的部分。”

至于这场演说是否可当作最鼓舞人心的演说之一，赫贝克认为：“你可以说，不管奥巴马今天说什么，都可以变成美国历史上最鼓舞人心或最印象深刻的演说。”

赫贝克解释，首先，奥巴马是一位非裔总统，他是在美国遭受严重挑战的时刻当选的。“而我们从电视上见到大批的民众，这其中其实有些误解，因为他们改变了就职演说的场地，以往的演说是在国会的另一头举行的，因此从今日的角度可见到大批人潮。”

“所以也许因为场景、布置，也许因为正打击美国的危机，也或许这位新总统的背景与演说天赋，让他说的每一句话都显得高尚又鼓舞人心，因此，在场景、非裔、挑战这3个因素影响下，让我们很难去把这个演说本身定义成一个美国历史上具代表性或振奋人心的就职演说之一，不过我相信人们在往后回顾这次的演说时，会认为它是一场重要的演说，而演说内容是不是真的让人传颂，还要经过时间的考验。”赫贝克对多维社说。

奥巴马背负着全世界的高度期望上任，只是，期望越高、当难题无法顺利解决时，所带来的失望也越大。当年小布什刚上任时，遭遇911恐怖攻击，在事件发生后布什也曾得过高达90%的民调支持度，而如今却黯然卸任。赫贝克认为，民调对奥巴马的期望很高，但事实是，奥巴马要面对的包括经济、外交等问题都很艰巨，事情不可能在一夜解决，因此上任后，他将如何兑现承诺、如何安排优先顺序处理各项问题，都是大家等着看的。

奥巴马演讲缺乏说服力，有三处不当

美国哥伦比亚广播公司资深政治记者杰夫-格林菲尔德1月20日评价奥巴马的就职演讲说，对于一个曾经用演讲激励了全美国人民、给外国人留下深刻印象的人，奥巴马的就职演说演讲很健谈，但是缺乏说服力。他说，“奥巴马故意避免花里胡哨，用词很坚定、很简单，句子很短。语气很健谈，但是不能算得上雄辩。”

格林菲尔德指出了奥巴马演讲的三处不当之处，第一处是奥巴马对政府角色的态度不明确，说关键不在大小，看有没有发挥作用。格林菲尔德说，“他的意思是，有作用我们就维持，没用就废掉，这是很明显的实用主义。”

第二处奥巴马表现得得意洋洋，将个人置于美国经历的核心，格林菲尔德说，“他好像在暗示，我或许是个丑丑的黑孩子，但是我是美国思想的主流。”

第三处在奥巴马演讲的结尾处，他提到了自己的种族身份，说“六十年前，一位父亲走入餐厅甚至无人理睬，而今天他的儿子可以站在这里，在你们面前许下最庄严的誓言。”格林菲尔德评价说，奥巴马最终用一种非常个人化的方式表达了人民对他的种族议论。