凡有关红外光谱、扫描探针显微镜的信息我都十分感兴趣,愿与大家共同学习讨论并解决相关问题。
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下一篇 2009-06-25 11:57:43/ 个人分类:资讯集锦
Characteristic IR Absorption Frequencies of Organic Functional Groups
一个不错的网站
http://organicworldwide.net/infrared/
比如下面的内容就是来自这一网站:http://www2.ups.edu/faculty/hanson/Spectroscopy/IR/IRfrequencies.html
Functional Group |
Type of Vibration |
Characteristic Absorptions (cm-1) |
Intensity |
Alcohol |
|
O-H |
(stretch, H-bonded) |
3200-3600 |
strong, broad |
O-H |
(stretch, free) |
3500-3700 |
strong, sharp |
C-O |
(stretch) |
1050-1150 |
strong |
Alkane |
|
C-H |
stretch |
2850-3000 |
strong |
-C-H |
bending |
1350-1480 |
variable |
Alkene |
|
=C-H |
stretch |
3010-3100 |
medium |
=C-H |
bending |
675-1000 |
strong |
C=C |
stretch |
1620-1680 |
variable |
Alkyl Halide |
|
C-F |
stretch |
1000-1400 |
strong |
C-Cl |
stretch |
600-800 |
strong |
C-Br |
stretch |
500-600 |
strong |
C-I |
stretch |
500 |
strong |
Alkyne |
|
C-H |
stretch |
3300 |
strong,sharp |
|
stretch |
2100-2260 |
variable, not present in symmetrical alkynes |
Amine |
|
N-H |
stretch |
3300-3500 |
medium (primary amines have two bands; secondary have one band, often very weak) |
C-N |
stretch |
1080-1360 |
medium-weak |
N-H |
bending |
1600 |
medium |
Aromatic |
|
C-H |
stretch |
3000-3100 |
medium |
C=C |
stretch |
1400-1600 |
medium-weak, multiple bands |
Analysis of C-H out-of-plane bending can often distinguish substitution patterns |
Carbonyl |
Detailed Information on Carbonyl IR |
C=O |
stretch |
1670-1820 |
strong |
(conjugation moves absorptions to lower wave numbers) |
Ether |
|
C-O |
stretch |
1000-1300 (1070-1150) |
strong |
Nitrile |
|
CN |
stretch |
2210-2260 |
medium |
Nitro |
|
N-O |
stretch |
1515-1560 & 1345-1385 |
strong, two bands |
IR Absorption Frequencies of Functional Groups Containing a Carbonyl (C=O)
Functional Group |
Type of Vibration |
Characteristic Absorptions (cm-1) |
Intensity |
Carbonyl |
|
C=O |
stretch |
1670-1820 |
strong |
(conjugation moves absorptions to lower wave numbers) |
Acid |
|
C=O |
stretch |
1700-1725 |
strong |
O-H |
stretch |
2500-3300 |
strong, very broad |
C-O |
stretch |
1210-1320 |
strong |
Aldehyde |
|
C=O |
stretch |
1740-1720 |
strong |
=C-H |
stretch |
2820-2850 & 2720-2750 |
medium, two peaks |
Amide |
|
C=O |
stretch |
1640-1690 |
strong |
N-H |
stretch |
3100-3500 |
unsubstituted have two bands |
N-H |
bending |
1550-1640 |
|
Anhydride |
|
C=O |
stretch |
1800-1830 & 1740-1775 |
two bands |
Ester |
|
C=O |
stretch |
1735-1750 |
strong |
C-O |
stretch |
1000-1300 |
two bands or more |
Ketone |
|
acyclic |
stretch |
1705-1725 |
strong |
cyclic |
stretch |
3-membered - 1850 4-membered - 1780 5-membered - 1745 6-membered - 1715 7-membered - 1705 |
strong |
a,b-unsaturated |
stretch |
1665-1685 |
strong |
aryl ketone |
stretch |
1680-1700 |
strong |
A good general reference for more detailed information on interpretation of infrared spectra (as well as other spectroscopic techniques) is Silverstein, R.M.; Bassler, G.C.; and Morrill, T.C. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1981. QD272.S6 S55
A more complete listing of functional group absorption frequencies ma be found in: Nakanishi, Koji Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. QD95.N383
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