29.040.10 绝缘油 标准查询与下载

DS/EN 62021-2:2008 绝缘液体 酸度的测定 第2部分：比色滴定

This part of IEC 62021 describes a procedure for determination of the acidity of unused and used electrical mineral insulating oils.NOTE 1: In unused and used mineral insulating oils, the constituents that may be considered to have acidic characteristics include organic acids, phenolic compounds, some oxidation products, resins, organometallic salts and additives.The method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in a mineral insulating oil during use under oxidizing conditions that may or may not be shown by other properties of the resulting mineral oil.The acidity can be used in the quality control of unused mineral oil.As a variety of oxidati

Insulating liquids - Determination of acidity - Part 2: Colourimetric titration

ASTM D2140-08(2017) 计算石油制绝缘油碳类组分的标准试验方法

5.1 The primary purpose of this practice is to characterize the carbon-type composition of an oil. It is also applicable in observing the effect on oil constitution, of various refining processes such as hydrotreating, solvent extraction, and so forth. It has secondary application in relating the chemical nature of an oil to other phenomena that have been demonstrated to be related to oil composition. 5.2 Results obtained by this practice are similar to, but not identical with, results obtained from Test Method D3238. The relationship between the two and the equations used in deriving Fig. 1 are discussed in the literature.3 5.3 Although this practice tends to give consistent results, it may not compare with direct measurement test methods such as Test Method D2007. 1.1 This practice may be used to determine the carbon-type composition of mineral insulating oils by correlation with basic physical properties. For routine analytical purposes it eliminates the necessity for complex fractional separation and purification procedures. The practice is applicable to oils having average molecular weights from 200 to above 600, and 0 to 50 aromatic carbon atoms. 1.2 Carbon-type composition is expressed as percentage of aromatic carbons, percentage of naphthenic carbons, and percentage of paraffinic carbons. These values can be obtained from the correlation chart, Fig. 1, if both the viscosity-gravity constant (VGC) and refractivity intercept (ri) of the oil are known. Viscosity, density and relative density (specific gravity), and refractive index are the only experimental data required for use of this test method. 1.3 This practice is useful for determining the carbon-type composition of electrical insulating oils of the types commonly used in electric power transformers and transmission cables. It is primarily intended for use with new oils, either inhibited or uninhibited. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin

ASTM D2300-08(2017) 在电应力和电离作用下电绝缘液体的放气试验方法(改进的皮勒里法)

4.1 For certain applications when insulating liquid is stressed at high voltage gradients, it is desirable to be able to determine the rate of gas evolution or gas absorption under specified test conditions. At present time correlation of such test results with equipment performance is limited. 4.2 In this test method, hydrogen (along with low molecular weight hydrocarbons) is generated by ionic bombardment of some insulating liquid molecules and absorbed by chemical reaction with other insulating liquid molecules. The value reported is the net effect of these two competing reactions. The aromatic molecules or unsaturated portions of molecules present in insulating liquids are largely responsible for the hydrogen-absorbing reactions. Both molecule type, as well as concentration, affects the gassing tendency result. Saturated molecules tend to be gas evolving. The relation between aromaticity and quantity of unsaturates of the insulating liquid and gassing tendency is an indirect one and cannot be used for a quantitative assessment of either in the insulating liquid. 4.3 This test method measures the tendency of insulating liquids to absorb or evolve gas under conditions of electrical stress and ionization based on the reaction with hydrogen, the predominant gas in the partial discharge. For the test conditions, the activating gas hydrogen, in contrast to other gases, for example, nitrogen, enhances the discrimination of differences in the absorption-evolution patterns exhibited by the insulating liquids. Insulating liquids shown to have gas-absorbing (H2) characteristics in the test have been used to advantage in reducing equipment failures, particularly cables and capacitors. However, the advantage of such insulating liquids in transformers is not well defined and there has been no quantitative relationship established between the gassing tendency as indicated by this test method and the operating performance of the equipment. This test method is not concerned with bubble evolution, which may arise from physical processes associated with super-saturation of gases in oil or water vapor bubbles evolving from wet insulation. 1.1 This test method measures the rate at which gas is evolved or absorbed by insulating liquids when subjected to electrical stress of sufficient intensity to cause ionization in cells having specific geometries. 1.2 This test method is not concerned with bubbles arising from supersaturation of the insulating liquid. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions see 5.1.4 and 8.4.

Standard Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)

ASTM D1903-08(2017) 石油电绝缘液体和氯代联苯的热膨胀系数标准测定方法

4.1 Knowledge of the coefficient of thermal expansion of a liquid is essential to compute the required size of a container to accommodate a volume of liquid over the full temperature range to which it will be subjected. It is also used to compute the volume of void space that would exist in an inelastic device filled with the liquid after the liquid has cooled to a lower temperature. 1.1 This practice covers the determination of the coef-ficient of thermal expansion of electrical insulating liquids of petroleum origin, and askarels, containing PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), when used as an insulating or cooling medium, or both, in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, capacitors, or similar apparatus. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Determining the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels

LST EN 62021-2-2007 绝缘液体 酸度的测定 第2部分：比色滴定法（IEC 62021-2:2007）

Insulating liquids - Determination of acidity - Part 2: Colourimetric titration (IEC 62021-2:2007)

DIN EN 61181:2007 填充矿物油的电气设备.溶解气体分析(DGA)用于电气设备的工厂试验

Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment - Application of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to factory tests on electrical equipment (IEC 61181:2007); German version EN 61181:2007

SANS 555:2007 变压器和开关设备未用过的和回收的矿物绝缘油

Specifies requirements for unused and reclaimed oxidation inhibited and unhibited mineral insulating oils, as derived, for use in transformers, switchgear and similar electrical equipment in which oil is required as an insulant or for heat transfer. This

Unused and reclaimed mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear

SANS 290:2007 矿物绝缘油．多氯联苯的管理

Covers the requirements for the testing, classification, labelling, handling, storage, transportation, decontamination, and disposal of PCB contaminated oils. It also covers management provisions for the phase out of the use of PCB contaminated mineral i

Mineral insulating oils - Management of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

NF C27-232*NF EN 60970:2007 绝缘液体.计算微粒数目和计算粒径大小的方法

Insulating liquides - Methods for counting and sizing particles.

BS EN 60970:2007 绝缘液体.粒子计数和大小测定的方法

This standard describes the sampling procedures and methods for the determination of particle concentration and size distribution. Three methods are specified. One uses an automatic particle size analyser, working on the light interruption principle. The other two use an optical microscope, in either the transmitted light or incident light mode, to count particles collected on the surface of a membrane filter. The optical microscope methods are described in ISO 4407. All three methods are applicable to both used and unused insulating liquids. Annex A contains an alternative sampling procedure using a syringe and Annex B reports a reference for the calibration of automatic particle counters. NOTE 1 The methods are not intended to measure particulate matter in liquids containing sludge. While analysing solid content on oils containing sludge refers to method for sediment and sludge determination in IEC 60422, Annex C. NOTE 2 The methods specified are only applicable to measurements related to a limited range of size and number.

Insulating liquids - Methods for counting and sizing particles

BS EN 62021-2:2007 绝缘液体.酸度的测定.比色滴定法

This part of IEC 62021 describes a procedure for determination of the acidity of unused and used electrical mineral insulating oils. NOTE 1 In unused and used mineral insulating oils, the constituents that may be considered to have acidic characteristics include organic acids, phenolic compounds, some oxidation products, resins, organometallic salts and additives. The method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in a mineral insulating oil during use under oxidizing conditions that may or may not be shown by other properties of the resulting mineral oil. The acidity can be used in the quality control of unused mineral oil. As a variety of oxidation products present in used mineral oil contribute to acidity and these products vary widely in their corrosion properties, the test cannot be used to predict corrosiveness of a mineral oil under service conditions. NOTE 2 The acidity results obtained by this test method may or may not be numerically the same as those obtained by potentiometric methods, but they are generally of the same magnitude. The potentiometric method uses an endpoint at pH 11,3 to ensure titration of all species, whereas the colourimetric methods uses an indicator changing colour at approximately pH 9,5. This may lead to slightly higher results for oils with acidities above 0,3 mg KOH/g oil when using the potentiometric method.

Insulating liquids - Determination of acidity - Colourimetric titration

NF C27-239/A1:2007 使用中的浸渍矿物油的电气设备.溶解和游离气体分析结果的解释指南

Mineral oil-impregnated electrical equipment in service - Guide to the interpretation of dissolved and free gases analysis.

BS EN 61181:2007+A1:2012 填充矿物油的电气设备.溶解气体分析(DGA)用于电气设备工厂试验

Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment. Application of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to factory tests on electrical equipment

BS EN 61181:2007 填充矿物油的电气设备.溶解气体分析(DGA)用于电气设备工厂试验

This International Standard specifies oil-sampling procedures, analysis requirements and procedures, and recommends sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy criteria for the application of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to factory testing of new power transformers, reactors and instrument transformers filled with mineral insulating oil when DGA testing has been specified. The most effective and useful application of DGA techniques to factory testing is during the performance of long-term tests, typically temperature-rise (heat run) and overloading tests on power transformers and reactors, also impulse tests on instrument transformers. DGA may also be valuable for over-excitation tests run over an extended period of time. Experience with DGA results, before and after short-time dielectric tests, indicates that DGA is normally less sensitive than electrical and acoustic methods for detecting partial discharges. However, DGA will indicate when these partial discharges become harmful to the insulation and may be detected by inspection [2].

Mineral oil-filled electrical equipment - Application of dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to factory tests on electrical equipment

IEC 62021-2:2007 绝缘油.酸性的测定.第2部分:比色滴定法

This part of IEC 62021 describes a procedure for determination of the acidity of unused and used electrical mineral insulating oils. NOTE 1 In unused and used mineral insulating oils, the constituents that may be considered to have acidic characteristics include organic acids, phenolic compounds, some oxidation products, resins, organometallic salts and additives. The method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in a mineral insulating oil during use under oxidizing conditions that may or may not be shown by other properties of the resulting mineral oil. The acidity can be used in the quality control of unused mineral oil. As a variety of oxidation products present in used mineral oil contribute to acidity and these products vary widely in their corrosion properties, the test cannot be used to predict corrosiveness of a mineral oil under service conditions. NOTE 2 The acidity results obtained by this test method may or may not be numerically the same as those obtained by potentiometric methods, but they are generally of the same magnitude. The potentiometric method uses an endpoint at pH 11,3 to ensure titration of all species, whereas the colourimetric methods uses an indicator changing colour at approximately pH 9,5. This may lead to slightly higher results for oils with acidities above 0,3 mg KOH/g oil when using the potentiometric method.

Insulating liquids - Determination of acidity - Part 2 Colourimetric titration

IEC TR 61946:2007 矿物绝缘油.石蜡/环烷的自然特性.低温差分扫描量热测量(DSC)试验方法

This technical report offers a test method for the classification of mineral insulating oils as either paraffinic or naphthenic, by means of low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For the purpose of this technical report, the typical operating temperature range extends from -100 °C to +100 °C. The temperature range can be extended, depending upon the instrumentation used. The method is applicable to mineral insulating oils obtained from petroleum crudes. It may be also applied to mineral oils containing pour point depressants, as these additives do not prevent the formation of paraffin crystals but only the growing of such micro-crystals.

Mineral insulating oils - Characterization of paraffinic/naphthenic nature - Low temperature differential scanning calometry (DSC) test method

DS/EN 60422:2006 电气设备中的矿物绝缘油 监督和维护指南

This International Standard gives guidance on the supervision and maintenance of the qualityof the insulating oil in electrical equipment.This standard is applicable to mineral insulating oils, originally supplied conforming to IEC 60296, and used in transformers, switchgear and other electrical apparatus where oil sampling is reasonably practicable and where the normal operating conditions specified in the equipment specifications apply.This standard assists the power equipment operator to evaluate the condition of the oil and maintain it in a serviceable condition. It also provides a common basis for the preparation of more specific and complete local cod

Mineral insulating oils in electrical equipment - Supervision and maintenance guidance

SN/T 1792-2006 电气绝缘油中多氯联笨含量的测定.气相色谱法

1.1 本标准规定了电绝缘液中多氯联笨(PCBs)含量的气相色谱测定方法。本标准还适用于askarels电绝缘液混合物中PCB的测定。 1.2 Aroclors是PCB混合物，被用于含PCB的电绝缘液中。本标准可用于测定被单一Aroclor或Aroclors混合物污染的电绝缘液中的PCBs，但不能用于检测来自其他污染源的PCBs。 1.3 本标准仅对电绝缘矿物油和硅油中的PCB浓度测定建立了精密度和偏差。本标准并不适用于所有的电绝缘液，如含卤化烃之类的电绝缘液体，会干扰PCB的检测，因此在没有进行预处理前不能采用本标准。

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in electrical insulating oil.Gas chromatography

NF C27-222:2006 电气设备中的矿物绝缘油.监督和维护指南

Mineral insulating oils in electrical equipment - Supervision and maintenance guidance.

KS C 2375-2006 类多氯联苯(PCBs)气相色谱法通过比较峰值模式分析方法

이 규격은 광유계 절연유, 합성유계 절연유(알킬벤젠, 폴리부텐, 알킬나프탈렌, 알킬디페닐에

Analytical method of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)by gas chromatography peak pattern comparison