75.040 原油 标准查询与下载

ASTM D2892-10 原油蒸馏用标准试验方法(15块理论塔板蒸馏塔)

This test method is one of a number of tests conducted on a crude oil to determine its value. It provides an estimate of the yields of fractions of various boiling ranges and is therefore valuable in technical discussions of a commercial nature. This test method corresponds to the standard laboratory distillation efficiency referred to as 15/5. The fractions produced can be analyzed as produced or combined to produce samples for analytical studies, engineering, and product quality evaluations. The preparation and evaluation of such blends is not part of this test method. This test method can be used as an analytical tool for examination of other petroleum mixtures with the exception of LPG, very light naphthas, and mixtures with initial boiling points above 400°C. 1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the distillation of stabilized crude petroleum (see Note 1) to a final cut temperature of 400°C Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET). This test method employs a fractionating column having an efficiency of 14 to 18 theoretical plates operated at a reflux ratio of 5:1. Performance criteria for the necessary equipment is specified. Some typical examples of acceptable apparatus are presented in schematic form. This test method offers a compromise between efficiency and time in order to facilitate the comparison of distillation data between laboratories. Note 18212;Defined as having a Reid vapor pressure less than 82.7 kPa (12 psi). 1.2 This test method details procedures for the production of a liquefied gas, distillate fractions, and residuum of standardized quality on which analytical data can be obtained, and the determination of yields of the above fractions by both mass and volume. From the preceding information, a graph of temperature versus mass % distilled can be produced. This distillation curve corresponds to a laboratory technique, which is defined at 15/5 (15 theoretical plate column, 5:1 reflux ratio) or TBP (true boiling point). 1.3 This test method can also be applied to any petroleum mixture except liquefied petroleum gases, very light naphthas, and fractions having initial boiling points above 400°C.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)

ASTM D6377-10 测定原油蒸气压力的标准试验方法: VPCR_x(膨胀法)

Vapor pressure of crude oil at various V/Ls is an important physical property for shipping and storage. Note 28212;A vapor-liquid ratio of 0.02:1 (X = 0.02) mimics closely the situation of an oil tanker. Vapor pressure of crude oil is important to crude oil producers and refiners for general handling and initial refinery treatment. The vapor pressure determined by this test method at a vapor-liquid ratio of 4:1 (VPCR4) of crude oil at 37.8°C can be related to the vapor pressure value determined on the same material when tested by Test Method D323 (see Appendix X1). Chilling and air saturation of the sample prior to the vapor pressure measurement is not required. This test method can be applied in online applications in which an air saturation procedure prior to the measurement cannot be performed.1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure exerted in vacuum of crude oils. This test method is suitable for testing samples that exert a vapor pressure between 25 and 180 kPa at 37.8°C at vapor-liquid ratios from 4:1 to 0.02:1 (X = 4 to 0.02). Note 18212;This test method is suitable for the determination of the vapor pressure of crude oils at temperatures from 0 to 100°C and pressures up to 500 kPa, but the precision and bias statements (see Section 14) may not be applicable. 1.2 This test method allows the determination of vapor pressure for crude oil samples having pour points above 0°C. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2.1-7.3.2.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Crude Oil: VPCR_x (Expansion Method)

GOST R 54291-2010 原油.组件沸腾温度范围分布的气体色谱测定法

Crude petroleum. Gas chromatography method for determination of components boiling temperature range distribution

ASTM D7622-10e1 用燃烧和直接冷蒸汽原子吸收法和塞曼背景校正技术测量原油中总汞量的标准试验方法

The emission of mercury during crude oil refining is an environmental concern. The emission of mercury may also contaminate refined products and form amalgams with metals, such as aluminum. When representative test portions are analyzed according to this procedure, the total mercury is representative of concentrations in the sample.1.1 This test method covers the procedure to determine the total mercury content in a sample of crude oil. This test method can be used for total mercury determination in natural and processed liquid and oil products (gasoline, naphtha, etc.). 1.2 This test method may be applied to samples containing between 5.0 to 350 ng/mL of mercury. The results may be converted to mass basis. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Crude Oil Using Combustion and Direct Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Method with Zeeman Background Correction

GOST R 54284-2010 原油.通过库仑法卡尔费休水分测定仪进行水的测定

Crude oil. Determination of water by coulometric Karl Fischer titation

ASTM D4310-10(2015) 测定加抑制剂矿物油的油泥和腐蚀趋势的标准试验方法

5.1 Insoluble material may form in oils that are subjected to oxidizing conditions. 5.2 Significant formation of oil insolubles or metal corrosion products, or both, during this test may indicate that the oil will form insolubles or corrode metals, or both, during field service. However, no correlation with field service has been established. 1.1 This test method covers and is used to evaluate the tendency of inhibited mineral oil based steam turbine lubricants and mineral oil based anti-wear hydraulic oils to corrode copper catalyst metal and to form sludge during oxidation in the presence of oxygen, water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated temperature. The test method is also used for testing circulating oils having a specific gravity less than that of water and containing rust and oxidation inhibitors. Note 1: During round robin testing copper and iron in the oil, water and sludge phases were measured. However, the values for the total iron were found to be so low (that is, below 0.88201;mg), that statistical analysis was inappropriate. The results of the cooperative test program are available (see Section 16). 1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D943 where the oxidation stability of the same kinds of oils is determined by following the acid number of oil. The number of test hours required for the oil to reach an acid number of 2.08201;mg KOH/g is the oxidation lifetime. 1.3 Procedure A of this test method requires the determination and report of the weight of the sludge and the total amount of copper in the oil, water, and sludge phases. Procedure B requires the sludge determination only. The acid number determination is optional for both procedures. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils

ASTM D4310-10 抗氧化矿物油生成油泥和腐蚀趋势测定的标准试验方法

Insoluble material may form in oils that are subjected to oxidizing conditions. Significant formation of oil insolubles or metal corrosion products, or both, during this test may indicate that the oil will form insolubles or corrode metals, or both, during field service. However, no correlation with field service has been established.1.1 This test method covers and is used to evaluate the tendency of inhibited mineral oil based steam turbine lubricants and mineral oil based anti-wear hydraulic oils to corrode copper catalyst metal and to form sludge during oxidation in the presence of oxygen, water, and copper and iron metals at an elevated temperature. The test method is also used for testing circulating oils having a specific gravity less than that of water and containing rust and oxidation inhibitors. Note 18212;During round robin testing copper and iron in the oil, water and sludge phases were measured. However, the values for the total iron were found to be so low (that is, below 0.8 mg), that statistical analysis was inappropriate. The results of the cooperative test program are available (see Section 17). 1.2 This test method is a modification of Test Method D943 where the oxidation stability of the same kinds of oils is determined by following the acid number of oil. The number of test hours required for the oil to reach an acid number of 2.0 mg KOH/g is the oxidation lifetime. 1.3 Procedure A of this test method requires the determination and report of the weight of the sludge and the total amount of copper in the oil, water, and sludge phases. Procedure B requires the sludge determination only. The acid number determination is optional for both procedures. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and X1.1.5.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Sludging and Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils

ASTM G205-10 测定原油耐腐蚀性的标准指南

In the absence of water, the crude oil is noncorrosive. The presence of sediment and water makes crude oil corrosive. Test Methods , , , and provide methods for the determination of the water and sediment content of crude oil. The corrosivity of crude oil containing water can be determined by a combination of three properties (Fig. 1) (1) : the type of emulsion formed between oil and water, the wettability of the steel surface, and the corrosivity of water phase in the presence of oil. Water and oil are immiscible but, under certain conditions, they can form emulsion. There are two kinds of emulsion: O/W and W/O. W/O emulsion (in which oil is the continuous phase) has low conductivity and is thus less corrosive; whereas O/W (in which water is the continuous phase) has high conductivity and, hence, is corrosive (see ISO 6614) (2). The conductivities of various liquids are provided in Table 1(3). The percentage of water at which W/O converts to O/W is known as the emulsion inversion point (EIP). EIP can be determined by measuring the conductivity of the emulsion. At and above the EIP, a continuous phase of water or free water is present. Therefore, there is a potential for corrosion. Whether water phase can cause corrosion in the presence of oil depends on whether the surface is oil wet (hydrophobic) or water wet (hydrophilic) (4-8). Because of higher resistance, an oil-wet surface is not susceptible to corrosion, but a water-wet surface is. Wettability can be characterized by measuring the contact angle or the conductivity (spreading method). In the contact angle method, the tendency of water to displace hydrocarbon from steel is measured directly by observing the behavior of the three phase system. The contact angle is determined by the surface tensions (surface free energies) of the three phases. A hydrocarbon-steel interface will be replaced by a water-steel interface if this action will result in an energy decrease of the system. To determine whether the surface is oil wet, mixed wet, or water wet, the angle at the oil-water-solid intersection is observed and measured. In the spreading method of determining wettability, the resistance between steel pins is measured. If a conducting phase (for example, water) covers (wets) the distance between the pins, conductivity between them will be high. On the other hand, if a nonconducting phase (for example, oil) covers (wets) the distance between the pins, the conductivity between them will be low. Dissolution of ingredients from crude oils may alter the corrosiveness of the aqueous phase. Based on how the corrosivity of the aqueous phase changes in its presence, a crude oil can be classified as corrosive, neutral, inhibitory, or preventive crude. Corrosiveness of the aqueous phase in the presence of oil can be determined by methods described in Test Method , Guide , Practice , Test Method , and NACE TM0172.1.1 This guide presents some generally accepted laboratory methodologies that are used for determining the corrosivity of crude oil. 1.2 This guide does not cover detailed calculations and methods, but rather a range of approaches that have found application in evaluating the corrosivity of crude oil. 1.3 Only those methodologies that have found wide acceptance in crude oil corrosivity evaluation are considered in this guide. 1.4 This guide does not address the change in oil/water ratio caused by accumulation of water at low points in a pipeline system. 1.5 This guide is intended to assist in the selection of methodologies that can be used for determining the corrosivity of crude oil under conditions in which water is present in the liquid state (typically up to 100°C). These conditions nor......

Standard Guide for Determining Corrosivity of Crude Oils

ASTM D3230-10 原油中含盐量的标准试验方法(电化学法)

This test method is used to determine the approximate chloride content of crude oils, a knowledge of which is important in deciding whether or not the crude oil needs desalting. The efficiency of the process desalter can also be evaluated. Excessive chloride left in the crude oil frequently results in higher corrosion rates in refining units and also has detrimental effects on catalysts used in these units. This test method provides a rapid and convenient means of determining the approximate content of chlorides in crude oil and is useful to crude oil processors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the approximate chloride (salts) concentration in crude oil. The range of concentration covered is 0 to 500 mg/kg or 0 to 150 lb/1000 bbl as chloride concentration/volume of crude oil. 1.2 This test method measures conductivity in the crude oil due to the presence of common chlorides, such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Other conductive materials may also be present in the crude oil. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception8212;Acceptable concentration units are g/m3 or PTB (lb/1000 bbl). 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3, 7.4, and 7.11.

Standard Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)

SY/T 0543-2009 稳定轻烃取样方法

本标准规定了稳定轻烃取样时使用的仪器、取样步骤、取样记录和安全注意事项。 本标准适用于油气田稳定轻烃的取样。 警告：使用本标准的人员应有正规实验室工作的实践经验。本标准并未指出所有可能的安全问题。使用者有责任采取适当的安全和健康措施，并保证符合国家有关规定条件。

Sampling method of natureal gasoline

SY/T 0541-2009 原油凝点测定法

本标准规定了原油凝点的测定法。 本标准适用于含水质量分数不超过0.5%的原油。 警告：使用本标准的人员应有正规实验室工作的实践经验。本标准并未指出所有可能的安全问题。使用者有责任采取适当的安全和健康措施，并保证符合国家有关规定条件。

Test method for gel point of crude oils

ASTM D2502-04(2009) 根据粘度测量估算石油分子量（相对分子质量）的标准试验方法

Standard Test Method for Estimation of Molecular Weight (Relative Molecular Mass) of Petroleum Oils From Viscosity Measurements

GSO ISO 9030:2009 原油水分和沉积物的测定离心法

This International Standard specifies a method for the Iaboratory determination of water and Sediment in crude oils by means of a centrifuge procedure. The precision data have only been determined for water contents up to 1 % (V/v). NOTE 1 lt has been obset-ved that centrifugal methods of determination of watet- and Sediment may, in many cases, give erroneous results. This is especially so when use of a high-speed mixer has been employed to obtain a representative Sample. The method is therefore not entirely satisfactory and the amount of water determined is almost always lower than the actual water content.

Crude petroleum - Determination of water and Sediment - Centrifuge method

GSO ISO 9029:2009 原油水分测定蒸馏法

This International Standard specifies a method for determining water in crude oil by distillation. The precision data have only been determined for water contents up to I % (V/v).

Crude petroleum - determination of water- distillation method

GSO ISO 9114:2009 原油氢化物反应测定含水量现场法

This International Standard specifies a field method for the determination of water in crude petroleum, at concentrations ranging from 0,05 %(V/V) to 2 %(V/V). It is applicable where due to circumstances the laboratory methods cannot be used. This method is not intended for custody transfer but could be so used if prior agreement from all parties is obtained. NOTE — For the purposes of this International Standard, the expression "%(V/V)" is used to represent the volume fraction.

Crude petroleum - determination of water content by hydride reaction- field method

GSO ISO 3735:2009 原油和燃料油 沉积物测定 萃取法

This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of sediment in crude petroleum and fuel oils by extraction with toluene. The precision applies to a range of sediment levels from 0,01 % (m/m) to 0,40 % (m/m), although higher levels may be determined. NOTE 1 If this International Standard is applied to crude petroleum samples containing significant amounts of salts, an overestimation of the sediment content may be obtained because a proportion of the inorganic salts may be trapped in the extraction thimble. This problem is generally not significant for crude petroleum samples containing less than 0,1 % (m/m) total salts. NOTE 2 For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/ V)” are used to represent the mass and volume fractions of materials, respectively.

Crude petroleum and fuel oils- determination of sediment- Extraction method

GSO ISO 10337:2009 原油水分的测定卡尔费休变色滴定法

This International Standard specifies a coulometric Karl Fischer titration method for the direct determination of water in crude petroleum. It covers the range 0,050 % (m/m) to 5,00 % (m/m) water in crude petroleum containing less than 0,05 % (m/m) but more than 0,005 % (m/m) of either mercaptan sulfur or sulfide ion sulfur or both. It covers the range 0,020 % (m/m) to 5,00 % (m/m) water in crude petroleum containing less than 0,005 % (m/m) of either mercaptan sulfur or sulfide ion sulfur or both. NOTE 1 A number of substances and classes of compounds associated with condensation or oxidation-reduction reactions interfere in the determination of water by Karl Fischer titration. However, the only likely interfering substances present in crude petroleum are mercaptans and ionic sulfides and providing that they are present at levels less than 0,05 % (m/m), the interference is insignificant when determining water in the range 0,050 % (m/m) to 5,00 % (m/m). NOTE 2 An alternative procedure is provided in annex B for the direct determination of water over the range 0,05 % (V/V) to 5,00 % (V/V) in crude petroleum containing less than 0,05 % (V/V) of either mercaptan sulfur or ionic sulfide sulfur or both. The limitations under which this alternative volume measurement may be used are listed in annex B. The volume measurement may also be used to determine water in the range 0,02 % (V/V) to 5,00 % (V/V) if the above interfering substances are present at levels of less than 0,005 % (V/V) as either mercaptan sulfur or ionic sulfide sulfur or both. NOTE 3 For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass and volume fractions respectively

Crude petroleum - determination of water - Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration Method

KS M ISO 9030-2008(2018) 原油水分和沉淀物的测定离心法

Crude petroleum－Determination of water and sediment－Centrifuge method

KS M ISO 9030:2008 原油.水分和沉淀物测定.离心法

이 표준은 원심분리법을 이용해서 원유의 물과 침전물을 실험실용으로 측정하는 방법에 대해 규

Crude petroleum－Determination of water and sediment－Centrifuge method

KS M ISO 9030-2008(2023) 原油水分和沉淀物的测定离心法

Crude petroleum－Determination of water and sediment－Centrifuge method