E21 原油 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5863-00a(2005) 火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定原油和残余燃料中镍、钒、铁和钠含量的标准试验方法

When fuels are combusted, metals present in the fuels can form low melting compounds that are corrosive to metal parts. Metals present at trace levels in petroleum can deactivate catalysts during processing. These test methods provide a means of quantitatively determining the concentrations of vanadium, nickel, iron, and sodium. Thus, these test methods can be used to aid in determining the quality and value of the crude oil and residual oil.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nickel, vanadium, iron, and sodium in crude oils and residual fuels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Two different test methods are presented.1.2 Test Method A, Sections -Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample that is decomposed with acid for the determination of total Ni, V, and Fe.1.3 Test Method B, Sections -Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample diluted with an organic solvent for the determination of Ni, V, and Na. This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration to determine dissolved metals and does not purport to quantitatively determine nor detect insoluble particulates. Hence, this test method may underestimate the metal content, especially sodium, present as inorganic sodium salts.1.4 The concentration ranges covered by these test methods are determined by the sensitivity of the instruments, the amount of sample taken for analysis, and the dilution volume. A specific statement is given in Note 0.1.5 For each element, each test method has its own unique precision. The user can select the appropriate test method based on the precision required for the specific analysis.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 8.2, 8.5, 10 2, 10.4, and 15.1 .

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ASTM D5863-00a(2011) 火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定原油和残余燃料中镍,钒,铁和钠含量的标准试验方法

When fuels are combusted, metals present in the fuels can form low melting compounds that are corrosive to metal parts. Metals present at trace levels in petroleum can deactivate catalysts during processing. These test methods provide a means of quantitatively determining the concentrations of vanadium, nickel, iron, and sodium. Thus, these test methods can be used to aid in determining the quality and value of the crude oil and residual oil.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of nickel, vanadium, iron, and sodium in crude oils and residual fuels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Two different test methods are presented. 1.2 Test Method A, Sections 7–138212;Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample that is decomposed with acid for the determination of total Ni, V, and Fe. 1.3 Test Method B, Sections 14–198212;Flame AAS is used to analyze a sample diluted with an organic solvent for the determination of Ni, V, and Na. This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration to determine dissolved metals and does not purport to quantitatively determine nor detect insoluble particulates. Hence, this test method may underestimate the metal content, especially sodium, present as inorganic sodium salts. 1.4 The concentration ranges covered by these test methods are determined by the sensitivity of the instruments, the amount of sample taken for analysis, and the dilution volume. A specific statement is given in Note 1. 1.5 For each element, each test method has its own unique precision. The user can select the appropriate test method based on the precision required for the specific analysis. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.1, 8.2, 8.5, 10.2, 10.4, and 15.1.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ASTM D4377-00(2006) 卡耳.费歇尔电势滴定法测定原油中含水量的标准试验方法

A knowledge of the water content of crude oil is important in the refining, purchase, sale, or transfer of crude oils.1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 2 % in crude oils. Mercaptan and sulfide (S or H2S) sulfur are known to interfere with this test method (see Section ).1.2 This test method is intended for use with standard Karl Fischer reagent or pyridine-free Karl Fischer reagents.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D4928-00 用电量计卡耳费瑟滴定法测定原油中水的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 5 mass or volume % in crude oils. Mercaptan (RSH) and sulfide (S- or H2S) as sulfur are known to interfere with this test method, but at levels of less than 500 ug/g (ppm), the interference from these compounds is insignificant (see Section 5).1.2 This test method can be used to determine water in the 0.005 to 0.02 mass % range, but the effects of the mercaptan and sulfide interference at these levels has not been determined.1.3 This test method is intended for use with standard commercially available coulometric Karl Fischer reagent.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D4377-00(2011) 卡耳.费歇尔电势滴定法测量原油中含水量的标准试验方法

A knowledge of the water content of crude oil is important in the refining, purchase, sale, or transfer of crude oils.1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 2 % in crude oils. Mercaptan and sulfide (S− or H2S) sulfur are known to interfere with this test method (see Section 5). 1.2 This test method is intended for use with standard Karl Fischer reagent or pyridine-free Karl Fischer reagents. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D4377-00 卡耳.费歇尔电势滴定法测定原油中含水量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 2% in crude oils. Mercaptan and sulfide (S- or H2S) sulfur are known to interfere with this test method (see Section 5). 1.2 This test method is intended for use with standard Karl Fischer reagent or pyridine-free Karl Fischer reagents. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D4928-00(2010) 用电量计卡耳费歇尔滴定法对原油中水的标准试验方法

A knowledge of the water content of crude oil is important in the refining, purchase, sale, or transfer of crude oils.1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 5 mass or volume % in crude oils. Mercaptan (RSH) and sulfide (S− or H2S) as sulfur are known to interfere with this test method, but at levels of less than 500 μg/g (ppm), the interference from these compounds is insignificant (see Section 5). 1.2 This test method can be used to determine water in the 0.005 to 0.02 mass % range, but the effects of the mercaptan and sulfide interference at these levels has not been determined. 1.3 This test method is intended for use with standard commercially available coulometric Karl Fischer reagent. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D4928-00(2005) 用电量计卡耳费瑟滴定法测定原油中水的标准试验方法

A knowledge of the water content of crude oil is important in the refining, purchase, sale, or transfer of crude oils.1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 5 mass or volume % in crude oils. Mercaptan (RSH) and sulfide (S- or H2S) as sulfur are known to interfere with this test method, but at levels of less than 500 956;g/g (ppm), the interference from these compounds is insignificant (see Section 5).1.2 This test method can be used to determine water in the 0.005 to 0.02 mass % range, but the effects of the mercaptan and sulfide interference at these levels has not been determined.1.3 This test method is intended for use with standard commercially available coulometric Karl Fischer reagent.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

ASTM D4377-00e1 卡耳.费歇尔电势滴定法测定原油中含水量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of water in the range from 0.02 to 2 % in crude oils. Mercaptan and sulfide (S or H2S) sulfur are known to interfere with this test method (see Section 5).1.2 This test method is intended for use with standard Karl Fischer reagent or pyridine-free Karl Fischer reagents.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration

DIN EN ISO 3675:1999 原油和液体石油产品.密度实验室测定.密度计法

The document specifies a method for the laboratory determination, using a glass hydrometer, of the density of crude petroleum, petroleum products and homogeneous mixtures of petroleum and non-petroleum products.#,,#

Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density - Hydrometer method (ISO 3675:1998); German version EN ISO 3675:1998

NF M07-001:1999 石油液体.人工取样

Petroleum liquids. Manual sampling.

ASTM D6470-99(2010) 原油中盐的标准试验方法(电位滴定位)

A knowledge of water extractable inorganic halides in oil is important when deciding whether or not the oils need desalting. Excessive halide, especially in crude oil, frequently results in higher corrosion rates in refining units.1.1 This test method covers the determination of salt in crude oils. For the purpose of this test method, salt is expressed as % (m/m) NaCl (sodium chloride) and covers the range from 0.0005 to 0.15 % (m/m). 1.2 The limit of detection is 0.0002 % (m/m) for salt (as NaCl). 1.3 The test method is applicable to nearly all of the heavier petroleum products, such as crude oils, residues, and fuel oils. It may also be applied to used turbine oil and marine diesel fuel to estimate seawater contamination. Water extractable salts, originating from additives present in oils, are codetermined. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Salt in Crude Oils (Potentiometric Method)

ASTM D4929-99e1 测定原油中有机氯化物含量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of organic chloride (above 1 g/g organically-bound chlorine) in crude oils, using either distillation and sodium biphenyl reduction or distillation and microcoulometry.1.2 These test methods involve the distillation of crude oil test specimens to obtain a naphtha fraction prior to chloride determination. The chloride content of the naphtha fraction of the whole crude oil can thereby be obtained. See Section regarding potential interferences.1.3 Test Method A covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by sodium biphenyl reduction followed by potentiometric titration.1.4 Test Method B covers the determination of organic chloride in the washed naphtha fraction of crude oil by oxidative combustion followed by microcoulometric titration.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 Values expressed in acceptable SI units are to regarded as the standard. The preferred concentration units are micrograms of chloride per gram of sample.

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude Oil

ASTM D5002-99 数字密度分析仪用原油密度和相对密度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of crude oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 and 35176C. This test method applies to crude oils with high vapor pressures provided appropriate precautions are taken to prevent vapor loss during transfer of the sample to the density analyzer. 1.2 This test method was evaluated in round robin testing using crude oils in the 0.75 to 0.95 g/mL range. Lighter crude oil can require special handling to prevent vapor losses. Heavier crudes can require measurements at higher temperatures to eliminate air bubbles in the sample. 1.3 The accepted units of measurement of density are grams per millilitre and kilograms per cubic metre. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Notes 1, 2, and 3.

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Crude Oils by Digital Density Analyzer

ASTM D5002-99(2010) 数字密度分析仪用原油密度和相对密度的标准试验方法

Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize the quality of crude oils. The density or relative density of crude oils is used for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15°C or 60°F and for the conversion of crude mass measurements into volume units. The application of the density result obtained from this test method, for fiscal or custody transfer accounting calculations, can require measurements of the water and sediment contents obtained on similar specimens of the crude oil parcel.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of crude oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 and 35°C. This test method applies to crude oils with high vapor pressures provided appropriate precautions are taken to prevent vapor loss during transfer of the sample to the density analyzer. 1.2 This test method was evaluated in round robin testing using crude oils in the 0.75 to 0.95 g/mL range. Lighter crude oil can require special handling to prevent vapor losses. Heavier crudes can require measurements at higher temperatures to eliminate air bubbles in the sample. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The accepted units of measurement of density are grams per millilitre and kilograms per cubic metre. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6.

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Crude Oils by Digital Density Analyzer

ASTM D6470-99(2004) 原油中盐的标准测试方法(电位滴定位)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of salt in crude oils. For the purpose of this test method, salt is expressed as % (m/m) NaCl (sodium chloride) and covers the range from 0.0005 to 0.15 % (m/m).1.2 The limit of detection is 0.0002 % (m/m) for salt (as NaCl).1.3 The test method is applicable to nearly all of the heavier petroleum products, such as crude oils, residues, and fuel oils. It may also be applied to used turbine oil and marine diesel fuel to estimate seawater contamination. Water extractable salts, originating from additives present in oils, are codetermined.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Salt in Crude Oils (Potentiometric Method)

ASTM D2892-99a 原油蒸馏的标准试验方法(15块理论板蒸馏塔)

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the distillation of stabilized crude petroleum to a final cut temperature of 400176;C Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET). This test method employs a fractionating column having an efficiency of 14 to 18 theoretical plates operated at a reflux ratio of 5:1. Performance criteria for the necessary equipment is specified. Some typical examples of acceptable apparatus are presented in schematic form. This test method offers a compromise between efficiency and time in order to facilitate the comparison of distillation data between laboratories.1.2 This test method details procedures for the production of a liquified gas, distillate fractions, and residuum of standardized quality on which analytical data can be obtained, and the determination of yields of the above fractions by both mass and volume. From the preceding information, a graph of temperature versus mass % distilled can be produced. This distillation curve corresponds to a laboratory technique, which is defined at 15/5 (15 theoretical plate column, 5:1 reflux ratio) or TBP (true boiling point).1.3 This test method can also be applied to any petroleum mixture except liquified petroleum gases, very light naphthas, and fractions having initial boiling points above 400176;C.1.4 This test method contains the following Annexes:1.4.1 Annex A18212;Test Method for the Determination of the Efficiency of a Distillation Column,1.4.2 Annex A28212;Test Method for the Determination of the Dynamic Holdup of a Distillation Column,1.4.3 Annex A38212;Test Method for the Determination of the Heat Loss in a Distillation Column (Static Conditions),1.4.4 Annex A48212;Test Method for the Verification of Temperature Sensor Location,1.4.5 Annex A58212;Test Method for Determination of the Temperature Response Time,1.4.6 Annex A68212;Practice for the Calibration of Sensors,1.4.7 Annex A78212;Test Method for the Verification of Reflux Dividing Valves,1.4.8 Annex A88212;Practice for Conversion of Observed Vapor Temperature to Atmospheric Equivalent Temperature (AET), 1.4.9 Appendix X18212;Test Method for Dehydration of a Sample of Wet Crude Oil, and1.4.10 Appendix X28212;Practice for Performance Check.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary notes, see Section 10.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)

ASTM D6470-99 原油中盐的标准测试方法(电位滴定位)

1.1 This test method covers the determination of salt in crude oils. For the purpose of this test method, salt is expressed as % (m/m) NaCl (sodium chloride) and covers the range from 0.0005 to 0.15 % (m/m). 1.2 The limit detection is 0.0002 % (m/m) for salt (as NaCl). 1.3 The test method is applicable to nearly all of the heavier petroleum products, such as crude oils, residues, and fuel oils. It may also be applied to used turbine oil and marine diesel fuel to estimate seawater contamination. Water extractable salts, originating from additives present in oils, are codetermined. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Salt in Crude Oils (Potentiometric Method)

ASTM D6377-99 测定原油蒸气压力的标准试验方法:VPCRx(膨胀方法)

1.1 This test method covers the use of automated vapor pressure instruments to determine the vapor pressure of crude oils at temperatures between 5 and 80 176C for vapor-liquid ratios from 4:1 to 0.02:1 (X= 4 to 0.02) and pressures from 7 to 500 kPa (1.0 to 70 psi). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Note 5.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Crude Oil: VPCR_x (Expansion Method)

ASTM D5002-99(2005) 数字密度分析仪用原油密度和相对密度的标准试验方法

Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize the quality of crude oils. The density or relative density of crude oils is used for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15°C or 60°F and for the conversion of crude mass measurements into volume units. The application of the density result obtained from this test method, for fiscal or custody transfer accounting calculations, can require measurements of the water and sediment contents obtained on similar specimens of the crude oil parcel.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of crude oils that can be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 and 35C. This test method applies to crude oils with high vapor pressures provided appropriate precautions are taken to prevent vapor loss during transfer of the sample to the density analyzer.1.2 This test method was evaluated in round robin testing using crude oils in the 0.75 to 0.95 g/mL range. Lighter crude oil can require special handling to prevent vapor losses. Heavier crudes can require measurements at higher temperatures to eliminate air bubbles in the sample.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The accepted units of measurement of density are grams per millilitre and kilograms per cubic metre.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6.

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Crude Oils by Digital Density Analyzer