LaVision三维立体PIVFlowMaster 3D 非流线体稳定的湍动预混火焰的吹灭动力学

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This article concerns the flame dynamics of a bluff body stabilized turbulent premixed flame as it approaches lean blowoff. Time resolved chemiluminescence imaging along with simultaneous particle image velocimetry and OH planar laser-induced fluorescence were utilized in an axisymmetric bluff body stabilized, propane-air flame to determine the sequence of events leading to blowoff and provide a quantitative analysis of the experimental results. It was found that as lean blowoff is approached by reduction of equivalence ratio, flame speed decreases and the flame shape progressively changes from a conical to a columnar shape. For a stably burning conical flame away from blowoff, the flame front envelopes the shear layer vortices. Near blowoff, the columnar flame front and shear layer vortices overlap to induce
high local stretch rates that exceed the extinction stretch rates instantaneously and in the mean, resulting in local flame extinction along the shear layers. Following shear layer extinction, fresh reactants can pass through the shear layers to react within the recirculation zone with all other parts of the flame extinguished.
This flame kernel within the recirculation zone may survive for a few milliseconds and can reignite the shear layers such that the entire flame is reestablished for a short period. This extinction and reignition event can happen several times before final blowoff which occurs when the flame kernel fails to reignite the shear layers and ultimately leads to total flame extinguishment.

     FlowMaster 3D直接由FlowMaster 2D的概念发展过来，可以测量在激光片光面内全部三个速度分量。
 三维PIV基于立体成像原理：
 两个相机从不同的角度拍摄被照亮的跟随流动的颗粒，Scheimpflug镜头布置可以使两个相机都获得聚焦成像。用一台相机，我们只能测量垂直于其光轴方向粒子位移的投影，把两个相机拍摄到的投影图像合并起来，就能够再现被测流体中粒子的真实位移。
 用这样的方法，我们就可以得到包含所有三个速度分量的完整向量。这种系统就称为立体PIV，它是通过模仿人眼立体视觉原理而发展起来的。
     自标定技术是目前在立体PIV系统中独特的专利技术，它可以修正标定靶和片光源之间的偏离，即使这个偏离很大也可以得到修正。目前在DaVis立体PIV软件包中它已经成为标准功能。利用自标定技术，通过计算粒子图像的偏移映射(地图)函数，所有测量面的位置以及片光厚度都可以获得。另外，偏移向量可以进一步修正非初始体映射函数引起的某些光学畸变。
     采用自标定技术，标定靶盘甚至无需放置被测流场中。在很多内流模型中，例如生物医学研究的流动、微管道流动或者内燃机气缸内部流动等根本不可能放置标定靶的情况，利用自标定技术就可以完成其中的三维流场的测量。
 FlowMaster Scheimpflug镜头布置
 遥控调整
 Scheimpflug 角度、
 光圈及焦距
 立体成像
 自动标定矫正
 图像畸变
 zei根本的解决方案：消除可能的标定误差
 友好的用户界面：任意放置标定靶盘，无需使标定靶盘严格对准激光片光源
 简便的扫描测量方式：所有扫描面的位置即刻获得标定结果
 离线标定：可以使初始标定面在测量体以外
 节省时间：标定准备可以离开测量现场进行      

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