美国ECGenie动物无创心电图分析系统

参数：

1、标准参数

·         Heart rate           心率                          
·         Heart rate variability  心率变异性
·         RR interval          RR间期
·         PR interval          PR间期
·         QRS interval          QRS间期
·         QT and QTc intervals   QT和QTc间期

2、心率变异性时域分析法

·         CV%     变异系数
·         SDDN    全部正常窦性心搏间期（NN）的标准差，单位：ms
·         RMSSD   全程相邻NN间期之差的均方根值，单位：ms
·         pNN”50”   NN50除以总的NN间期个数、乘以100，单位：％

3、心率变异性频域分析法

·         Total Power          总功率
·         Very Low Frequency   极低频功率
·         Low Frequency       低频功率
·         High Frequency       高频功率
 

ECGenie是世界上唯一无创的、可测量处于清醒状态的小动物（小鼠、大鼠和豚鼠）心电图测试系统。

*既可测量新生鼠也可测量成年鼠。

*动物不需固定，不需麻醉，不需手术。

*操作简便易行，实验人员只需简单的将动物放置在记录平台上即可。

*每小时可检测10只动物，效率大大提高。

*高通滤波和低通滤波

应用：

Phenotyping  表型

Genotyping   基因类型

Health Monitoring  健康监控

Neonatal Electrocardiograms  新生动物心电图

Arrhythmias  心律失常

Cardiac hypertrophy  心脏肥大

Cardiovascular studies  心血管研究

 CNS studies  中枢神经系统的研究

Developmental studies  发展研究

Endocrine studies  内分泌研究

Metabolic studies  代谢研究

Preclinical study of new compounds 新化合物的临床前研究

参数：

 Heart rate  心率

Heart rate variability心率变异性

RR interval RR间期

PR interval PR间期

QRS interval  QRS间期

QT and QTc intervals QT和QTc间期

应用ECGenieTM小动物心电图测试系统所发表的论文，已经在多达15种刊物上发表。具体如下：

ECGenieTM ECG Screening system for non-invasively recording ECGs in conscious mice.

1.  Shioi T, Hampton TG, Douglas P, and Izumo S.  Dominant negative p21ras

     causes a progressive dilated cardiomyopathy in transgenic mice. Circulation, 1999; 100(18);I-52.

2.  Amende I, Chu V, Morgan JP, and Hampton TG.  Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice.  Eur Heart J, 27(Supp.):2161. 2000.

3.  Chu V, Otero JM, Lopez O, Morgan JP, Amende I, Hampton TG.  Method for non-invasively  recording electrocardiograms in conscious mice. BioMedCentral Physiology 2001, 1(1):6.

4.  Braun A, Trigatti BL, Post MJ, Sato K, Simons M, Edelberg JM, Rosenberg RD, Schrenzel M,   Krieger M. Loss of SR-BI Expression Leads to the Early Onset of Occlusive Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease, Spontaneous Myocardial Infarctions, Severe Cardiac Dysfunction, and Premature Death in Apolipoprotein E. Deficient Mice. Circ Res 2002; 90: 270-276. 

5.  Chu V, Otero JM, Lopez O, Sullivan M, Morgan JP, Amende I, Hampton TG.    

    Electrocardiographic findings in mdx mice: a cardiac phenotype of Duchenne muscular     

    dystrophy.  Muscle & Nerve 2002;513-519.  

6.  Min JY, Sullivan MF, Yan X, Feng X, Chu V, Wang JF, Amende I, Morgan JP, Philipson KD,  Hampton TG. Overexpression of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger gene attenuates postinfarction myocardial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002 Dec;283(6):H2466-71.

7.  Braun A, Zhang S, Miettinen HE, Ebrahim S, Holm TM, Vasile E, Post MJ, Yoerger DM, Picard   MH, Krieger JL, Andrews NC, Simons M, Krieger M.  Probucol prevents early coronary heart  disease and death in the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI/apolipoprotein-E double knockout mouse.  Proc Nat Acad Sci 2003; 100:7283-7288. 

8.  Sutliff RL, Haase C, Russ R, Hoit BD, Morris R, Norman AB, and Lewis W. Cocaine Increases Mortality and Cardiac Mass in a Murine Transgenic Model of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.  Lab Invest ; 2003; 83: 983. 

9. Svenson KL, Bogue MA, Peters LL.  Invited review: Identifying new mouse models of    

     cardiovascular disease: a review of high-throughput screens of mutagenized and inbred strains. J  Appl Physiol 2003 94:1650-9.

10. Amende I, Dubach JM, Piskorski K,  Morgan JP, and Hampton TG. ECG Monitoring and Analyses   in Mice. The Physiological Genomics of the Critically Ill Mouse in Basic Science for the Cardiologist. 2004 pgs. 89-100.

11.  Bachman E., Hampton TG, Dhillon H, Amende I, Wang J., Morgan JP and Hollenberg AN - The Metabolic and Cardiovascular   Effects of Hyperthyroidism are Largely Independent of Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation  Endocrinology 2004;145:2767-74.

12.   Lewis W, Miller Y, Haase C, Ludaway T, McNaught J, Russ R,Steltzer J, Folpe A, Long R and Oshinski J - HIV viral protein R causes atrial cardiomyocyte mitosis, mesenchymal tumor, dysrhythmia, and heart failure Lab Invest 2005; 85:182-92.

13.  Maddatu TP, Garvey SM, Schroeder DG, Hampton TG, Cox GA. Transgenic rescue of   neurogenic atrophy in the nmd mouse reveals a role for Ighmbp2 in dilated cardiomyopathy.  Hum Mol Genet. 2004;13:1105-15.

14.  Piskorksi K, Kale A, Chu V, Otero JM, Gladstone K, Mueller P, Amende I, and Hampton TG.   Non-invasive physiology in conscious mice.  2002 Fourth World Congress Alternatives Congress Trust Proceedings.  2004, in press. ATLA 32, Supplement 1, 195–201, 2004.

15.  Sanna MG, Liao J, Jo E, Alfonso C, Ahn M, Peterson MS, Webb B, Lefebvre S, Chun J, Gray N,

      Rosen H; Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) Receptor Subtypes S1P1 and S1P3, Respectively,

      Regulate Lymphocyte Recirculation and Heart Rate. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004;

      279: 13839–13848.

16.  Schuldt AJT, Hampton TG, Chu V, Vogler CA, Galvin N, Lessard ML, Barker JE. Cardiac anomalies in beta-glucuronidase (GUSB) null mice are corrected by non-ablative neonatal marrow transplantation. Proc Nat Acad Sci 2004; 101:603–608.

17.  Sergey V. Ivanov, Jerrold M. Ward, Lino Tessarollo, Dorothea McAreavey, Vandana Sachdev,_Lameh Fananapazir,_ Melissa K. Banks, Nicole Morris, Draginja Djurickovic, Deborah E. Devor-Henneman, Ming-Hui Wei, Gregory W. Alvord, Boning Gao, James A. Richardson, John D. Minna,  Michael A. Rogawski, and Michael I. Lerman?? - Cerebellar Ataxia, Seizures, Premature Death,  and Cardiac Abnormalities in Mice with Targeted Disruption of the Cacna2d2 Gene American Journal of Pathology  2004; 165:1007-1018.

18.  Lewis W, Haase CP, Miller YK, Ferguson B, Stuart T, Ludaway T, McNaught J, Russ R, Steltzer   J., Santoianni R, Long R, Fiermonte G, Palmieri F. Transgenic expression of the deoxynucleotide

      carrier causes mitochondrial damage that is enhanced by NRTIs for AIDS.  Lab Invest. 2005;85:972-81.

19.  Zhang S, Picard MH, Vasile E, Zhu Y, Raffai RL, Weisgraber KH, Krieger M.               

Diet-induced-induced occlusive coronary   atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac dysfunction, and premature death in scavenger receptor class B type I-deficient, hypomorphic apolipoprotein ER61 mice.Circulation. 2005 111:3457-64.  

20. Cho H, Park C. ,Hwang I,  Han S, Schimel D, Despres D.  and Kehrl JH

     Rgs5 Targeting Leads to Chronic Low Blood Pressure and a Lean Body Habitus.

     Molecular and Cellular Biology 2008, 28:2590–2597.

21. Hsiai, TK., Yu, H, Kim, ES, Ai, L

     POLYMER-BASED CARDIOVASCULAR BIOSENSORS, MANUFACTURE, AND

     USES THEREOF  United States Patent Application 20080302675

22. Non-invasively record ECGs in mice.

     Arizona Branch AALAS Newsletter Vol. 22 No. 1 February 2009 p.13

23.  Isenberg JS, Qin Y, Maxhimer JB, Sipes JM, Despres D, Schnermann J, Frazier WA,

      Roberts DD. Thrombospondin-1 and CD47 regulate blood pressure and cardiac responses to vasoactive stress. Matrix Biol. 2009;28:110-9.

24. Shuqin Xing, Shirng-Wreng Tsaih, Rong Yuan, Karen L. Svenson, Linda M. Jorgenson, Milly So,Beverly J. Paigen, and Ron Korstanje. Genetic influence on electrocardiogram time intervals and  heart rate in aging mice.   Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009; 296:H1907-13

25.  Mabe AM and Hoover DB Structural and functional cardiac cholinergic deficits in adult neurturin knockout miceCardiovascular Research 2009; 82:93–99.

26.  Lachance D, Plante E, Bouchard-Thomassin A, Champetier S, Roussel E, Drolet MC, Couet J and Arsenault M.  Moderate Exercise Training Improves Survival and Ventricular Remodeling in an Animal Model of Left Ventricular Volume Overload. Circ Heart Fail. 2009; 5:437-45.

27. Lynch KR, Macdonald TL

     PHENYL-CYCLOALKYL AND PHENYL-HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES AS S1P

     RECEPTOR AGONISTS United States Patent Application 20090105315

28. Heier CR, Hampton TG, Wang D, Didonato CJ.

     Development of electrocardiogram intervals during growth of FVB/N neonate mice.

     BMC Physiol. 2010 Aug 24;10:16.

29. Heier CR, Satta R, Lutz C, Didonato CJ.

     Arrhythmia and cardiac defects are a feature of spinal muscular atrophy model mice.

     Hum Mol Genet. 2010 Aug 18. [Epub ahead of print]