Human CD4+CD25highCD127low/neg Regulatory T Cells
CD4+CD25high CD127low/neg regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance and in controlling the development of autoimmune diseases. A combination of surface and intracellular markers, namely, CD25, CD39/CD73, CD62L, CD45RO, CD127, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), CTLA-4, and the forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (FOXP3), has been used to characterize Tregs. Tregs suppress T effector responses mainly in a direct cell–cell contact manner. However, other mechanisms independent from this manner cannot be excluded entirely. It has been shown that Tregs can undergo limited expansion in vitro after the stimulation of TCR in the presence of exogenous cytokines, e.g., IL-2. Expanded Tregs retain their suppression function. Human Tregs have demonstrated their great potential to be used as a therapeutic intervention in preventing graft rejection and treating autoimmune diseases. In this chapter, we have given a review on how to characterize, isolate, expand Tregs and assess their suppressive functions.
- Extraction of Nucleic Acids from Bone
- EGF受体(EGF receptor)
- Terminal Differentiation of Human Epidermal Stem Cells on Micro-patterned Substrates
- Production of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis
- Analysis of Replicating Mitochondrial DNA by Two-Dimensional Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
- Detection of Apoptosis in Mammalian Development
- Receptor-DNA Interactions: EMSA and Footprinting
- Making cRNA for Microinjection and Expression of Fluorescently Tagged Proteins for Live-Cell Imaging in Oocytes
- Mammalian Membrane Receptors Expression as Inclusion Bodies in Escherichia coli
- Culture of Human Brain Tumors on an Extracellular Matrix Derived from Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells and Cultured Human Glioma