鞘细菌(sheathe bacteria)
关键词: 鞘细菌来源: 互联网
一类具特殊形态的细菌。细胞呈丝状排列,被包在鞘膜内,有独特的生活史。单个细胞杆状,革兰氏染色阳性,偏端丛生鞭毛,能活跃运动,又称游动细胞。鞘一般由蛋白质、多糖、脂类复合物组成,有的还有锰和铁的沉积物,类似荚膜,紧贴在杆菌链的外围,可防御原生动物和某些细菌的攻击。鞘上一般有固着器,可附着于固形物上,当水中营养不足时,鞘可随水流动而富集营养。专性需氧菌。主要分布在含污染物的河流、滤水池、活性污泥等含有机质丰富的流动淡水中。大量生长时,常形成“球衣菌菌花”( bloom);也可使活性污泥膨胀,致使难以澄清。包括球衣菌属( Sphaerotilus)、纤发菌属( Leptothrix)、软发菌属( Streptothrix)、利斯克氏菌属( Lieskeella)、栅发菌属( Phragmidiothrix),泉发菌属( Crenothrix)和细枝发菌属( Clonothrix)。
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