Site-Directed Mutagenesis by Double Polymerase Chain Reaction: Megaprimer Method
The “megaprimer” method (1 ) based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the simplest and most versatile procedures of site-specific in vitro mutagenesis available to date. The method utilizes three oligonucleotide primers and two rounds of PCR performed on a DNA template containing the cloned gene that is to be mutated. The rationale of the method is shown schematically in Fig. 1 where A and B represent the “flanking” primers that can map either within the cloned gene or outside the gene (i.e., within the vector sequence) and M represents the internal “mutant” primer containing the desired base change. The first round of PCR is performed using the mutant primer (e.g., M1 in Fig. 1 ) and one of the flanking primers (e.g., A). The double-stranded product (A-M1) is purified and used as one of the primers (hence the name “megaprimer”) in the second round of PCR along with the other flanking primer (B). The wild type cloned gene is used as template in both PCR reactions. The final PCR product (A-M1-B) containing the mutation can be used in a variety of standard applications, such as cloning in expression vectors and sequencing, or in more specialized applications, such as production of the gene message in vitro if primer A (or the template sequence downstream of primer A) also contains a transcriptional promoter (e.g., that of SP6 or T7 phage).
- Composite Interval Mapping and Multiple Interval Mapping: Procedures and Guidelines for Using Windows QTL Cartographer
- Methods to Construct Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors
- Allele-Specific In Situ Hybridization (ASISH)
- Overview of the Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor System
- Expression of cDNA-Encoded Proteins by Cell-Free Transcription and Translation
- Mutagenesis of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells with Ethylmethanesulfonate
- Bioseparation of Recombinant Proteins from Plant Extract with Hydrophobin Fusion Technology
- Clinical Production and Therapeutic Applications of Alloreactive Natural Killer Cells
- Analyzing Origin Activation Patterns by Copy Number Change Experiments
- Transgenic Animals and the Study of the Immune System