Immunocytochemical Techniques
One of the most powerful tools in the identification of various neuronal types and then connectivities is immunocytochemical localization of specific neuronal markers, e g., synthetic enzymes for neurotransmitters at precise cellular and subcellular levels. Several methods exist for the localization of tissue antigens, at both the light and electron microscopic (EM) levels. The fluorescein-labeled antibody or immunofluorescent method developed by (1958) for the localization of tissue antigens with the light microscope has been employed for the localization of enzymes involved in the metabolism of neurotransmitters such as dopamine-β-hydroxylase (Hartman, et al., 1972; Hartman, 1973), tyrosine hydroxylase (Pickel et al., 1975a), phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (Hokfelt et al., 1974), DOPA decarboxylase (Hokfelt et al, 1973), and L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) (Kataoka et al., 1984). There are some deficiencies in this otherwise sensitive and specific method, however, such as the masking of the specific fluorescence by the inherent background fluorescence of tissue, and a lack of permanence of the preparations. (1966), (1966) reported that enzymes of small molecular weight, such as acid phosphatase or peroxidase, could be conjugated to antibodies by bifunctional reagents.
- Molecular Probes for PNS Neurotoxicity, Degeneration, and Regeneration
- Patch-Clamp Techniques: General Remarks
- Cell Culturing of Human and Murine Microglia Cell Lines
- Combining Uncaging Techniques with Patch-Clamp Recording and Optical Physiology
- Using Behavioral Patterns Across Species in Mood Disorder Research
- Lentiviral Transduction of Cultured Microglia
- Introducing Cloned Genes into Cultured Neurons Providing Novel In vitro Models for Neuropathology and Neurotoxicity Studies
- Quantification of NPY mRNA by Ribonuclease Protection Assay
- Introduction to Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Histological Assessment of Angiogenesis in the Hypoxic Central Nervous System