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Overview of Immunocytochemical Approaches to the Differential Diagnosis of Tumors

关键词： immunocytochemical approaches来源：互联网

In 1974, the presence of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins in plasma cells was demonstrated in routinely processed paraffin tissue (the mainstay of diagnostic pathology) using an immunoperoxidase technique (1 ). This new capability has introduced the surgical pathologist to a technique that can aid in reaching a diagnosis on already available material, including cytological smears and touch preps, frozen sections, and paraffin-embedded tissues fixed in formalin, ethanol, and other fixatives (see Table 1 ; Chapters 9–12). This novel approach of combining the sensitive and specific antibody-antigen reaction with the morphologic interpretation rendered by the experienced trained eye of the pathologist marks probably the most important advance in the world of diagnostic pathology in the last 20 yr.

Table 1 Pathology Preparations for Immunocytochemistry a
Source	Preparation	Fixation
Tissue	Paraffin-embedded	Formalin, ethanol, B5,
	block	Bouin’s, or Carnoy’s
	Frozen sections	Air-dried-acetone
Cytologic fine needle	Smear/filter	Ethanol
aspirates, brush, wash,	Cytospin	Air-dried-acetone
body fluids	Cell block	Formalin or ethanol
Sputum/gynecologic PAP	Smear	Ethanol with detergent
smear
Imprints (touch preps),	Smear	Ethanol or air-dried-acetone
squash preps, scrape preps
a Sources of specimens, the type of preparation, and the fixation needed for immunocytochem-
istry. Almost any type of specimen preparation or fixative can be used. The gentlest fixation is
air-dried-acetone, which consists of first air-drying the slide followed by a brief acetone
postfixation (see Chapters 9-12).

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