快速床旁(POC)乙肝筛查项目的准确性
一项源于全球数据的荟萃分析结果表明：基于抗原的快速point-of-care（POC）方法来筛查乙型肝炎病毒感染的方法通常是非常准确的，但是基于抗体的筛查的敏感性则有待进一步提高。这一结果在线发表于5月29日美国胃肠病学院的官方杂志《The American journal of gastroenterology》上。
据估计，全球有数千万人感染乙肝，其中四百万为急性传染期病人。在一些低收入和偏远地区，快速的POC乙肝筛查可能是替代实验室检查的重要手段。一项meta分析证实了目前使用的快速POC乙肝筛查手段均具较高准确性，如HBsAg和HBs+eAg检测。
英文摘要：
OBJECTIVES: Three-hundred fifty million people worldwide are chronically infected with Hepatitis B, with four million acute infections annually. With infection concentrated in hard-to-reach populations and low resource settings, rapid point-of-care (POC) tests offer an efficient screening alternative to laboratory tests. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate accuracy of rapid POC tests screening for Hepatitis B.
METHODS: Two reviewers searched four databases, critiqued quality. A hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis correcting for imperfect reference standards was used. Based on components of the antigen–antibody response, 17 studies were stratified into three subgroups: (i) Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) tests; (ii) anti-HBsAg tests, and (iii) HBs+eAg tests. Further, we pooled estimates on individual tests with sufficient data.
RESULTS: In subgroup 1, the pooled sensitivity (Sn) was 94.76% (95% credible interval (CrI): 90.08–98.23%) and specificity (Sp) was 99.54% (95% CrI: 99.03–99.95%). The Determine test reported a pooled Sn 98.2% (95% CrI: 94.7, 99.9) and Sp 99.9% (95% CrI: 99.3, 100); in subgroup 2, Sn 93.2% (95% CrI: 85.1, 98.5), Sp 93.1% (95% CrI: 81.9, 99.9); and in subgroup 3, the Binax test showed Sn 95.5% (95% CrI: 88.9, 99.4), Sp 99.8% (95% CrI: 99.3, 100).
CONCLUSIONS: HBsAg tests, including Determine, and the HBs+eAg test, Binax showed high accuracy. Improvements in sensitivity of antibody-based tests will enhance their potential for global first-line screening.
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