This document specifies test methods and criteria for showing intrinsic biodegradability in marine environments of virgin plastic materials and polymers without any preliminary environmental exposure or pre-treatment. Test methods applied in this document are carried out at temperatures in the mesophilic range under aerobic conditions and are aimed to show ultimate biodegradability, i.e. conversion into carbon dioxide, water and biomass. This document neither assesses the constituents, such as regulated metals or substances hazardous to the environment, nor potential ecotoxic effects but intrinsic biodegradability only. These aspects will be considered in a separate standard covering the overall environmental impact of products intentionally or accidentally released in the marine environment. This document does not cover the performance of products made from biodegradable plastic materials and biodegradable polymers. Lifetime and biodegradation rates in the sea of products made with biodegradable plastic materials are generally affected by the specific environmental conditions and by thickness and shape. Although results might indicate that the tested plastic materials and polymers biodegrade under the specified test conditions at a certain rate, the results of any laboratory exposure cannot be directly extrapolated to marine environments at the actual site of use or leakage. This document is not applicable for "marine biodegradable" claims of biodegradable plastic materials. For such purpose, see relevant product standards, if available. The testing scheme specified in this document does not provide sufficient information for determining the specific biodegradation rate (i.e. the rate per available surface area) of the material under testing. For such purpose, see relevant standards about specific biodegradation rate, if available.
EN ISO 22403:2021由欧洲标准化委员会 IX-CEN 发布于 2021-11-10,并于 2022-02-28 实施,于 2022-05-31 废止。
EN ISO 22403:2021在国际标准分类中归属于: 13.020.40 污染、污染控制和保护。
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目前,针对厌氧生物分解能力的方法是ISO 11734,但是该方法仅针对可溶性低密度试验材料(如洗涤剂)在水性试验条件下的生物分解能力,对塑料并不适用。而GB/T 33797则规定了测定塑料在高固体含量厌氧消化条件下最终生物分解程度的办法,它代表城市有机固体废弃物的厌氧消化情况。 测试方法1. 试验材料与接种物混合后,被引入至消化容器中,进行厌氧消化,试验周期15天或生物分解达到平稳为止;2. ...
▲反应器示意图 适用标准:(1) GB/T 19277.1-2011:受控堆肥条件下材料最终需氧生物分解能力的测定采用测定释放的二氧化碳的方法 第1部分:通用方法;(2) ISO 14855.1-2012:在控制复合条件下塑料材料富氧菌生物降解性和非集合性的测定.二氧化碳增量分析法.第1部分:通用方法;(3) ASTM D5338-2015:测定受控合成条件, 合并嗜热温度条件下塑料材料曝气生物降解能力的标准试验方法...
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