This International Standard specifies generic methods for detecting and correcting bias (systematic errors) of
analytical procedures for the analysis of gases, using reference gas mixtures or reference analytical
procedures, as well as for estimating the correction uncertainty.
The main sources of (and parameters affecting) bias of analytical procedures are instrumental drift (time) and
matrix interferences (matrix composition). Moreover, bias normally varies with analyte concentration. This
International Standard therefore establishes protocols for
-- detacting and correcting drift for an analytical system of limited stability,
investigating and handling bias of a stable analytical system for a specified range of sample composition,
which are intended to be used in method development and method validation studies, either separately or
sequentially.
This International Standard specifies procedures for two options, applicable to systematic effects, as follows:
a) tracing the observed pattern of deviations and correcting for their effect,
b) averaging over their effects and increasing the uncertainty,
where normally the first option entails lower uncertainty at the expense of higher effort
For the convenience of the user, the methods specified in this International Standard are described for
procedures of composition analysis, i.e. procedures for measuring the concentration of a specified analyte in a
gas mixture. However, they are equally applicable to measurements of physico-chemical properties of a gas
or gas mixture relevant to gas analysis, and translation into this subject field is straightforward.