The CCITT, considering (including intercontinental) service is 50 bauds, in accordance with Recommendation S.3; apparatus is employed; that the standardized modulation rate recommended for start-stop apparatus employed in international that there are nevertheless certain areas (notably in the USA) in which a different modulation rate for start-stop advantageous in the intercontinental service, it is not possible at present to secure universal adoption of a standard; notwithstanding differences in modulation rates that may exist between the start-stop apparatus employed; apparatus having different modulation rates to interwork; that, even though it is recognized that universal adoption of a standardized modulation rate would be that it is essential to do everything possible to facilitate the establishment of intercontinental services, that there are in existence methods, employing automatic storage equipment in the circuit, that enable start-stop; that, furthermore, on certain intercontinental circuits, e.g. radio circuits, the employment of special forms of synchronous equipment in association with storage equipment is sometimes essential and is already in use in the intercontinental sections of start-stop circuits.