Recommendation ITU-R SM. 1047 “National Spectrum Management" adopted in 1994 recommends "that the Handbook on National Spectrum Management be used as a guide for developing national spectrum management programmes…". Chapter 3 “Spectrum Planning” of the Handbook defines “long-term planning” and describes “forecasts”, inter alia, but does not propose specific procedures for Administrations to follow. This Chapter is intended to fill this gap.