This document establishes security requirements for TWSs and technical components that can be used by a CSP in order to issue QCs and NQCs in accordance with [Dir.1999/93/EC].Although [Dir.1999/93/EC] has a very general approach and speaks of electronic signatures of any kind, the underlying assumption in this document is that electronic signatures are created by means of public keycryptography, that the subject uses a cryptographic key pair consisting of a private and public component, and that a certificate produced by a system considered in this document essentially binds the public key of the subject to the identity and possibly other information of the