ASTM D4647/D4647M-13
用针孔试验做分散粘土识别和分类的标准试验方法

Standard Test Methods for Identification and Classification of Dispersive Clay Soils by the Pinhole Test

被代替

ASTM D4647/D4647M-13 发布历史

ASTM D4647/D4647M-13由美国材料与试验协会 US-ASTM 发布于 2013。

ASTM D4647/D4647M-13 在中国标准分类中归属于: P13 工程地质、水文地质勘察与岩土工程，在国际标准分类中归属于: 93.020 土方工程、挖掘、地基构造、地下工程。

ASTM D4647/D4647M-13 用针孔试验做分散粘土识别和分类的标准试验方法的最新版本是哪一版？

最新版本是 ASTM D4647/D4647M-13(2020) 。

ASTM D4647/D4647M-13 发布之时，引用了标准

• ASTM D2216 实验室测定土壤和岩石中水(湿气)含量的试验方法
• ASTM D2487 工程用土壤分类的标准试验方法
• ASTM D2488 土壤描述推荐规程（目视手动程序）
• ASTM D3740 工程设计及建筑中使用的土壤和岩石的试验和或检查中使用试剂评定的规程
• ASTM D422 土壤粒度分析的标准试验方法
• ASTM D4221 用双倍流体比重计测定粘土的分散特性的试验方法
• ASTM D4318 土壤液限 塑性极限和塑性指数的标准试验方法
• ASTM D4753 土壤、岩石及施工材料试验用天平和刻度评定、选择和规定的标准规范
• ASTM D6026 在土工学数据中使用明显数字的标准实施规程
• ASTM D653 采用流动空气测量未饱和多孔材料渗透性的标准试验方法
• ASTM D698 采用标准作用力 (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)) 测定土壤实验室压实特性的标准试验方法

ASTM D4647/D4647M-13的历代版本如下：

• 2020年 ASTM D4647/D4647M-13(2020) 通过针孔试验鉴定和分类分散粘土土壤的标准试验方法
• 2013年 ASTM D4647/D4647M-13 用针孔试验做分散粘土识别和分类的标准试验方法
• 2006年 ASTM D4647-06e1 用针孔试验做分散粘土识别和分类的标准试验方法
• 2006年 ASTM D4647-06 用针孔试验做分散粘土识别和分类的标准试验方法
• 2006年 ASTM D4647-93(2006) 用针孔试验鉴别和分类分散性粘土的标准试验方法
• 1993年 ASTM D4647-93(1998)e1 通过针孔试验鉴定和分类分散粘土土壤的标准试验方法

5.1 The pinhole test provides one method of identifying the dispersive characteristics of clay soils that are to be or have been used in earth construction. The piping failures of a number of homogeneous earth dams, erosion along channel or canal banks, and rainfall erosion of earthen structures have been attributed to the colloidal erosion along cracks or other flow channels formed in masses of dispersive clay (2).

5.2 This test method models the action of water flowing along a crack in an earth embankment. Other indirect tests, such as the double hydrometer test (Test Method D4221), the crumb test (3, 4), that relates the turbidity of a cloud of suspended clay colloids as an indicator of the clay dispersivity, and chemical tests that relate the percentage of sodium to total soluble salt content of the soil are also used as indicator tests of clay dispersibility (2). The comparison of results from the pinhole test and other indirect tests on hundreds of samples indicates that the results of the pinhole test have the best correlation with the erosional performance of clay soils in nature.

5.3 Method A and Method C of the pinhole test require the evaluation of cloudiness of effluent, final size of the pinhole, and computation of flow rates through the pinhole in order to classify the dispersive characteristics of the soil. Method B requires only the evaluation of the cloudiness of effluent and final size of the pinhole to classify the dispersive characteristics of the soil. The computation of flow rates through the pinhole in Method A serves primarily as a guide to the proper equipment and specimen performance under sequential pressures applied during the test. All methods produce similar results and any method can be used to identify dispersive clays.

5.4 The use of Method A or Method C results in the accumulation of data relative to sequential flow rates through the pinhole and consequent enlargement or erosion of the hole. The pinhole erosion test was developed for the purpose of identifying dispersive soils and is not intended to be a geometrically scaled model of a prototype structure. Since the theory of similitude was not used in the design of the pinhole test, quantitative data are not obtained. The quantity of flow through the pinhole, amount of soil erosion, or the rate of soil erosion should not be extrapolated to actual field conditions (3). However, such data may be useful in performing qualitative evaluations of the consequences of such erosion in terms of dam failure, loss of life and property. They also may be used in considering the cost effectiveness of defensive design measures necessary to minimize the effects of failure due to dispersive clays. For example, the amount of colloidal erosion that will occur in a soil classed as ND2 (very slightly dispersive) will be very small for a relatively long period of time. Such erosion may not be significant in evaluating the cost-benefit relationships in projects where public safety is not involved or where normal maintenance procedures will handle the ......

标准号

ASTM D4647/D4647M-13

发布

2013年

发布单位

美国材料与试验协会

替代标准

ASTM D4647/D4647M-13(2020)

当前最新

ASTM D4647/D4647M-13(2020)

 

 

引用标准

ASTM D2216 ASTM D2487 ASTM D2488 ASTM D3740 ASTM D422 ASTM D4221 ASTM D4318 ASTM D4753 ASTM D6026 ASTM D653 ASTM D698

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