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5.1 ASTM regulations require precision statements in all test methods in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This practice may be used in obtaining the needed information as simply as possible. This information may then be used to prepare a precision statement in accordance with Practice E177.
5.2 Test Method and Protocol—In this practice, the term “test method” is used both for the actual measurement process and for the written description of the process, while the term “protocol” is used for the directions given to the laboratories for conducting the ILS.
5.3 Observations, Test Determinations and Test Results:
5.3.1 A test method often has three distinct stages, the direct observation of dimensions or properties, the arithmetic combination of the observed values to obtain a test determination, and the arithmetic combination of a number of test determinations to obtain the test result of the test method. In the simplest of test methods a single direct observation is both the test determination and the test result. For example, the test method may require the measurement of the mass of a test specimen prepared in a prescribed way. Another test method may require the measurement of the area of the test specimen as well as the mass, and then direct that the mass be divided by the area to obtain the mass per unit area of the specimen. The whole process of measuring the mass and the area and calculating the mass per unit area is a test determination. If the test method specifies that only one test determination is to be made, then the test determination value is the test result of the test method. Some test methods require that several determinations be made and the values obtained be averaged or otherwise combined to obtain the test result of the test method. Averaging of several determinations is often used to reduce the effect of local variations of the property within the material.
5.4 Test Specimens and Test Units—In this practice a test unit is the total quantity of material needed for obtaining a test result as specified by the test method. The portion of the test unit needed for obtaining a single test determination is called a test specimen. Usually a separate test specimen is required for each test determination.
5.5 Precision, Bias, and Accuracy of a Test Method:
5.5.1 When a test method is applied to a large number of portions of a material, that are as nearly alike as possible, the test results obtained nevertheless will not all have the same value. A measure of the degree of agreement among these test results describes the precision of the test ......
ASTM D6484•聚合物基复合材料层压板的开孔压缩强度试验测试目的 •确定层压板的极限压缩强度OHC夹具•方法A: 楔形夹具夹紧OHC夹具做试验 •方法B:在刚性上下压盘之间放置OHC夹具做试验ASTM D6484 聚合物基复合材料层压板开孔压缩强度试验3✦ASTM-D7078 V型切口剪切测试为了减少试制次数，降低新产品开发的成本，计算机辅助工程（CAE）分析被广泛应用。...
在2011年和2012年的ICCP会议上，制定了开展实验室间精度研究的计划，2012-2013年期间，进行了实验室间工作，并通过ASTM审核程序审查了其统计结果，在2014年形成了ASTM D7708标准。本次研究的一套6块岩石样本(表1)是美国地质调查局(USGS)与ICCP协商后，从已经编制并鉴定的25块候选岩石中挑选出来的（其他表征方法见表2）。...
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