ASTM D4535-2013e1
用膨胀计测量岩石的热膨胀的标准试验方法

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Thermal Expansion of Rock Using Dilatometer

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标准号

ASTM D4535-2013e1

发布日期

2013年

实施日期

废止日期

无

国际标准分类号

93.020 (Earth works. Excavations. Foundation const

发布单位

US-ASTM

适用范围

5.1x00a0;Information concerning the thermal expansion characteristics of rocks is important in the design of any underground excavation where the surrounding rock may be heated. Thermal strain causes thermal stresses which ultimately affect excavation stability. Examples of applications where rock thermal strain is important include: nuclear waste repositories, underground power stations, compressed air energy storage facilities, and geothermal energy facilities.

5.2x00a0;The coefficient of thermal expansion, x03b1;, of rock is known to vary as the temperature changes. These methods provide continuous thermal strain values as a function of temperature, and therefore provide information on how the coefficient of thermal expansion changes with temperature.

5.3x00a0;Rocks are also often anisotropic, thus displaying different thermal strains depending on the orientation of strain measurement. These methods allow for measuring strain in one direction only. If anisotropy is expected, specimens with different orientations shall be prepared and tested.

Note 1x2014;The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.

1.1x00a0;These test methods cover the laboratory measurement of the one-dimensional linear thermal expansion of rocks using a dilatometer.

1.2x00a0;The methods are applicable between temperatures of 25x00b0;C to 300x00b0;C. Both bench top and confined measurement techniques are presented. Method A is used for unconfined or bench top measurements and Method B is used for confined conditions. Rocks of varying moisture content can be tested.

1.3x00a0;For satisfactory results in conformance with these test methods, the principles governing the size, construction, and use of the apparatus described in these test methods should be followed. If the results are to be reported as having been obtained by either test method, then the pertinent requirements prescribed by that test method shall be met.

1.4x00a0;These test methods do not establish details of construction and procedures to cover all test situations that might offer difficulties to a person without technical knowledge concerning the theory of heat flow, temperature measurement, and general testing practices. Standardization of these test methods does not reduce the need for such technical knowledge.

1.5x00a0;Unitsx2014;The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.

1.6x00a0;All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.

1.6.1x00a0;The procedures used to specify how data are......

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