(a) Scope of chapter 4 of the Internal Revenue Code. Sections 1.1471–1 through 1.1474–7 provide rules for withholding when a withholding agent makes a pay-ment to an FFI or NFFE and prescribe the requirements for and definitions relevant to FFIs and NFFEs to whichwithholding will not apply. Section 1.1471–1 provides definitions for terms used in chapter 4 of the Internal Rev-enue Code (Code) and the regulations thereunder. Section 1.1471–2 provides rules for withholding under section 1471(a) on payments to FFIs, including the exception from withholding for payments made with respect to certain grandfathered obligations. Section 1.1471–3 providesrules for determining the payee of a payment and the docu-mentation requirements to establish a payee's chapter 4 status. Section 1.1471–4 describes the requirements of an FFI agreement under section 1471(b) and the application of sections 1471(b) and (c) to an expanded affiliated group of FFIs. Section 1.1471–5 defines terms relevant to section 1471 and the FFI agreement and defines categories of FFIs that will be deemed to have met the requirements of section 1471(b) pur-uant to section 1471(b)(2). Section 1.1471–6 defines classes of beneficial owners of payments that are exempt from withholding under chapter 4. Sec-tion 1.1472–1 provides rules for with-holding when a withholding agent makes a payment to an NFFE, and de-fines categories of NFFEs that are not subject to withholding. Section 1.1473–1 provides definitions of the statutory terms in section 1473. Section 1.1474–1 provides rules relating to a with-holding agent's liability for withheld tax, filing of income tax and informa-ion returns, and depositing of tax withheld. Section 1.1474–2 provides rules relating to adjustments for over-withholding and underwithholding of tax. Section 1.1474–3 provides the cir-cumstances in which a credit is allowed to a beneficial owner for a withheld tax. Section 1.1474–4 provides that a chapter 4 withholding obligation need only be collected once. Section 1.1474–5 contains rules relating to credits and refunds of tax withheld. Section 1.1474– 6 provides rules coordinating with-holding under sections 1471 and 1472 with withholding provisions under other sections of the Code. Section 1.1474–7 provides the confidentiality re-quirement for information obtained to comply with the requirements of chap-ter 4. Any reference in the provisions of sections 1471 through 1474 to an amount that is stated in U.S. dollars includes the foreign currency equivalent of that amount. Except as otherwise provided, the provisions of sections 1471 through 1474 and the regulations thereunder apply only for purposes of chapter 4. See § 301.1474–1 of this chapter for the requirements for reporting on mag-netic media that apply to financial in-stitutions making payments or other-wise reporting accounts pursuant to chapter 4.