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4.1 This guide outlines sustainability factors for manufacturers to consider when comparing alternative chemicals or ingredients across the life cycle of a product.
4.2 Methods exist for the evaluation of chemical hazards for product-chemical pairs. These methods are referenced in several regulatory, non-regulatory, and green building schemas and should be conducted as part of an analysis of this type.
Note 1: Evaluation methods include, but are not limited to, Clean Production Action’s GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals,5 The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Design for the Environment (DtE) Alternatives Assessment Criteria for Hazards Evaluation (Safer Choice) methodology and the National Academy of Sciences’ A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives.8 Regulatory schemas include laws such as the Safer Consumer Products Rule9 in California or the Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (REACh)10 regulations in Europe. Green building schemas include the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)11 system by the USGBC, which references these indirectly through third-party certifications. However, neither these assessment tools nor the various schemas that reference them have set guidance for using the data in making decisions on which products and ingredients are ultimately the most sustainable.
4.3 Similarly, many tools exist for measuring economic viability, such as value-models and cost analysis. There are also many tools and techniques for measuring social acceptance of products such as sales trends, voice of the customer and many other types of surveys.
4.4 This guide acknowledges the need for determining a baseline for comparing the performance (environmental, economic, and social) of an existing product-chemical pair in a product with the possible/potential alternatives. As such, when using this guide, companies shall use the same study boundaries for the original baseline case and for all alternative options under assessment. Further, when feasible, the same assessment tools should also be used for all options being analyzed.
4.5 Sustainability is a very holistic and encompassing concept. As such, many factors cross all three attributes of sustainability. While factors may be assigned one way in this guide, it is recognized the user has discretion to assign them to whatever attribute(s) they deem appropriate when performing this analysis. However, the user should consistently categorize among all analyses for the purpose of easy comparison.
实验室超纯水在半导体行业解决方案
通过各项技术创新优化，Milli-Q®能帮助用户至多可节省50%用水量，相当于每天节省约1200 L的用水；EQ系列纯水系统可在产品生命周期内节省超过35%用电量（约2000kWh的电量），而我们的无汞紫外灯，帮助用户轻松减少汞和相关处置管理。化学废弃物和塑料的减少使用，都是为了环境友好和可持续发展，也能为用户提供更紧凑的系统，减轻系统重量，缩小系统体积。...
指南给出的指导意见如下：首先，应根据企业的经营范围，选择与业务相关的可持续发展目标，并与ISO 26000的七个核心问题 相匹配；然后，企业应针对既定目标确定具体方案，如果情况允许，甚至还能将相关标准延展到其业务范围之外。因此，落实可持续发展目标并不意味着把此前的所有工作都推翻重来，科学的导向是，利用紧密相关的可持续发展目标来进一步充实和丰富既有的工作成果。...
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