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e-mail

e-mail, Total:175 items.

In the international standard classification, e-mail involves: Postal services, Applications of information technology, Vocabularies, Information technology (IT) in general, Telecommunication systems, Information sciences. Publishing, Law. Administration, Quality, Telecommunication terminal equipment, Character sets and information coding, Telecommunications in general, Electronic components in general.

European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), e-mail

ETSI TR 102 605-2007 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered E-Mail (V1.1.1)
ETSI TS 102 640-1-2010 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 1: Architecture V2.1.1
ETSI TS 102 640-1-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 1: Architecture (V2.2.1)
ETSI TS 102 640-4-2010 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Part 4: REM-MD Conformance Profiles V2.1.1
ETSI TS 102 640-5-2010 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 5: REM-MD Interoperability Profiles V2.1.1
ETSI TS 102 640-4-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 4: REM-MD Conformance Profiles (V2.1.2)
ETSI TS 102 640-5-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 5: REM-MD Interoperability Profiles (V2.1.2)
ETSI TR 103 071-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Test suite for future REM interoperability test events (V1.1.1)
ETSI TS 102 640-1-2008 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Architecture, Formats and Policies; Part 1: Architecture V1.1.1
ETSI TS 102 640-2-2010 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 2: Data requirements, Formats and Signatures for REM V2.1.1
ETSI TS 102 640-2-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 2: Data requirements@ Formats and Signatures for REM (V2.2.1)
ETSI TS 102 640-6-3-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 6: Interoperability Profiles; Sub-part 3: REM-MD SOAP Binding Profile (V1.1.1)
ETSI TS 102 640-3-2010 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 3: Information Security Policy Requirements for REM Management Domains V2.1.1
ETSI TS 102 640-3-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 3: Information Security Policy Requirements for REM Management Domains (V2.1.2)
ETSI TS 102 640-6-2-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 6: Interoperability Profiles; Sub-part 2: REM-MD BUSDOX Interoperability Profile (V1.1.1)
ETSI TS 102 640-6-1-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 6: Interoperability Profiles; Sub-part 1: REM-MD UPU PReM Interoperability Profile (V1.1.1)
ETSI TS 102 640-3-2008 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Architecture, Formats and Policies; Part 3: Information Security Policy Requirements for REM Management Domains V1.1.1
ETSI TS 102 640-2-2008 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Architecture, Formats and Policies; Part 2: Data Requirements and Formats for Signed Evidences for REM V1.1.1
ETSI TS 102 233-2006 Lawful Interception (LI); Service specific details for E-mail services (V1.3.1)
ETSI TS 102 233-2004 Lawful Interception (LI); Service specific details for E-mail services V1.2.1

ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute, e-mail

TS 102 640-1-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 1: Architecture (V2.2.1)
TS 102 640-1-2010 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 1: Architecture (V2.1.1)
ETSI EN 319 532-3:2019 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services; Part 3: Formats (V1.2.1)
ETSI EN 319 532-3:2018 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services; Part 3: Formats (V1.0.0)
ETSI EN 319 532-2:2018 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services; Part 2: Semantic contents (V1.0.0)
TS 102 640-4-2010 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Part 4: REM-MD Conformance Profiles (V2.1.1)
TS 102 640-4-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 4: REM-MD Conformance Profiles (V2.1.2)
ETSI EN 319 531:2019 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Policy and security requirements for Registered Electronic Mail Service Providers (V1.1.1)
ETSI EN 319 531:2018 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Policy and security requirements for Registered Electronic Mail Service Providers (V1.0.0)
TS 102 640-1-2008 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Architecture@ Formats and Policies; Part 1: Architecture (V1.1.1)
ETSI EN 319 532-4:2018 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services; Part 4: Interoperability profiles (V1.0.0)
TS 102 640-5-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 5: REM-MD Interoperability Profiles (V2.1.2)
TS 102 640-5-2010 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 5: REM-MD Interoperability Profiles (V2.1.1)
ETSI EN 319 532-1:2018 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services; Part 1: Framework and architecture (V1.0.0)
TR 103 071-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Test suite for future REM interoperability test events (V1.1.1)
TS 102 640-2-2010 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 2: Data requirements@ Formats and Signatures for REM (V2.1.1)
TS 102 640-2-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 2: Data requirements@ Formats and Signatures for REM (V2.2.1)
TS 102 640-6-3-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 6: Interoperability Profiles; Sub-part 3: REM-MD SOAP Binding Profile (V1.1.1)
TS 102 640-3-2010 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 3: Information Security Policy Requirements for REM Management Domains (V2.1.1)
TS 102 640-3-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 3: Information Security Policy Requirements for REM Management Domains (V2.1.2)
TS 102 640-6-2-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 6: Interoperability Profiles; Sub-part 2: REM-MD BUSDOX Interoperability Profile (V1.1.1)
TS 102 640-6-1-2011 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Part 6: Interoperability Profiles; Sub-part 1: REM-MD UPU PReM Interoperability Profile (V1.1.1)
TS 102 640-3-2008 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Architecture@ Formats and Policies; Part 3: Information Security Policy Requirements for REM Management Domains (V1.1.1)
TS 102 640-2-2008 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Architecture@ Formats and Policies; Part 2: Data Requirements and Formats for Signed Evidences for REM (V1.1.1)
TR 119 530-2019 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered Electronic Mail (REM); Feasibility study: Interoperability profile between ETSI EN 319 532-based REM systems and PReM-based systems (V1.1.1)
TR 102 605-2007 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI); Registered E-Mail (V1.1.1)
TS 102 233-2004 Lawful Interception (LI); Service specific details for E-mail services (V1.2.1)
TS 102 233-2006 Lawful Interception (LI); Service specific details for E-mail services (V1.3.1)

ES-UNE, e-mail

UNE-ETS 300061-2 Ed1:2022 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI);Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services;Part 3: Formats (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in February of 2022.)
UNE-EN 319532-2 V1.1.1:2022 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI);Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services;Part 2: Semantic contents (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in February of 2022.)
UNE-EN 319532-4 V1.1.1:2022 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI);Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services;Part 4: Interoperability profiles (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in February of 2022.)
UNE-EN 301419-1 V4.0.1:2021 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI);Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services;Part 4: Interoperability profiles (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in February of 2022.)
UNE-EN 300019-2-5 V3.1.1:2021 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI);Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services;Part 4: Interoperability profiles (Endorsed by Asociación Española de Normalización in February of 2022.)

German Institute for Standardization, e-mail

DIN EN 319532-3:2019-09 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI) - Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services - Part 3: Formats (Endorsement of the English version EN 319 532-3 V1.2.1 (2019-04) as a German standard) / Note: DIN ETS standards collection*Endorsement notice
DIN EN 319532-2:2018-12 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI) - Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services - Part 2: Semantic contents (Endorsement of the English version EN 319 532-2 V1.1.1 (2018-09) as a German standard) / Note: DIN ETS standards collection*Endorse...
DIN EN 319532-1:2018-12 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI) - Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services - Part 1: Framework and architecture (Endorsement of the English version EN 319 532-1 V1.1.1 (2018-09) as a German standard) / Note: DIN ETS standards collectio...
DIN CEN/TS 16326:2013-04*DIN SPEC 66297:2013-04 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Functional Specification for postal registered electronic mail; German version CEN/TS 16326:2013
DIN EN 319532-3:2018 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI) - Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services - Part 3: Formats (Endorsement of the English version EN 319 532-3 V1.1.1 (2018-09) as a German standard)
DIN CEN/TS 16326:2013 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Functional Specification for postal registered electronic mail; German version CEN/TS 16326:2013
DIN EN 319532-2:2018 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI) - Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services - Part 2: Semantic contents (Endorsement of the English version EN 319 532-2 V1.1.1 (2018-09) as a German standard)
DIN EN 319532-4:2018 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI) - Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services - Part 4: Interoperability profiles (Endorsement of the English version EN 319 532-4 V1.1.1 (2018-09) as a German standard)
DIN EN 319532-1:2018 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI) - Registered Electronic Mail (REM) Services - Part 1: Framework and architecture (Endorsement of the English version EN 319 532-1 V1.1.1 (2018-09) as a German standard)
DIN CEN/TS 15121-2:2011-03*DIN SPEC 91197:2011-03 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Part 2: Secured electronic postal services (SePS) interface specification - ECPM Service; English version CEN/TS 15121-2:2011
DIN CEN/TS 15121-1:2011-03*DIN SPEC 91198:2011-03 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Part 1: Secured electronic postal services (SePS) interface specification - Concepts, schemas and operations; English version CEN/TS 15121-1:2011

Association Francaise de Normalisation, e-mail

NF EN 319532-3:2020 Signatures électroniques et infrastructures (ESI) - Services de courrier électronique recommandé (REM) - Partie 3 : formats (V1.2.1)
NF Z84-532-2*NF EN 319532-2:2019 Electronic signatures and infrastructures (ESI) - Registered electronic mail (REM) services - Part 2 : semantic contents (V1.1.1)
NF EN 319532-4:2022 Signatures électroniques et infrastructures (ESI) - Services de courrier électronique recommandé (REM) - Partie 4 : Profils d'interopérabilité
NF Z84-531*NF EN 319531:2019 Electronic Signatures and Infrastructures (ESI) - Policy and security requirements for Registered Electronic Mail Service Providers (V1.1.1)
NF EN 319531:2019 Signatures électroniques et infrastructures (ESI) - Exigences de politique et de sécurité pour les prestataires de services de courrier électronique recommandé (V1.1.1)
NF Z84-532-4*NF EN 319532-4:2019 Electronic signatures and infrastructures (ESI) - Registered electronic mail (REM) services - Part 4 : interoperability profiles (V1.1.1)
NF EN ISO 4528:2022 Finitions en émail vitrifié - Choix des méthodes d'essai applicables aux surfaces émaillées de pièces

US-FCR, e-mail

FCR COE ER 25-1-74-1994 ELECTRONIC MAIL

IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force, e-mail

RFC 8616-2019 Email Authentication for Internationalized Mail
RFC 5233-2008 Sieve Email Filtering: Subaddress Extension
RFC 6532-2012 Internationalized Email Headers
RFC 8579-2019 Sieve Email Filtering: Delivering to Special-Use Mailboxes
RFC 6430-2011 Email Feedback Report Type Value: not-spam
RFC 5293-2008 Sieve Email Filtering: Editheader Extension
RFC 6531-2012 SMTP Extension for Internationalized Email
RFC 3834-2004 Recommendations for Automatic Responses to Electronic Mail
RFC 5232-2008 Sieve Email Filtering: Imap4flags Extension
RFC 7444-2015 Security Labels in Internet Email
RFC 5229-2008 Sieve Email Filtering: Variables Extension
RFC 5231-2008 Sieve Email Filtering: Relational Extension
RFC 5228-2008 Sieve: An Email Filtering Language
RFC 5183-2008 Sieve Email Filtering: Environment Extension
RFC 5173-2008 Sieve Email Filtering: Body Extension
RFC 5435-2009 Sieve Email Filtering: Extension for Notifications
RFC 5230-2008 Sieve Email Filtering: Vacation Extension
RFC 5463-2009 Sieve Email Filtering: Ihave Extension
RFC 7372-2014 Email Authentication Status Codes
RFC 6609-2012 Sieve Email Filtering: Include Extension
RFC 5235-2008 Sieve Email Filtering: Spamtest and Virustest Extensions
RFC 6530-2012 Overview and Framework for Internationalized Email
RFC 7073-2013 A Reputation Response Set for Email Identifiers
RFC 7352-2014 Sieve Email Filtering: Detecting Duplicate Deliveries
RFC 6647-2012 Email Greylisting: An Applicability Statement for SMTP
RFC 5965-2010 An Extensible Format for Email Feedback Reports
RFC 5260-2008 Sieve Email Filtering: Date and Index Extensions
RFC 6858-2013 Simplified POP and IMAP Downgrading for Internationalized Email
RFC 6857-2013 Post-Delivery Message Downgrading for Internationalized Email Messages
RFC 3297-2002 Content Negotiation for Messaging Services based on Email
RFC 8398-2018 Internationalized Email Addresses in X.509 Certificates
RFC 2846-2000 GSTN Address Element Extensions in E-mail Services
RFC 6729-2012 Indicating Email Handling States in Trace Fields
RFC 5429-2009 Sieve Email Filtering: Reject and Extended Reject Extensions
RFC 6186-2011 Use of SRV Records for Locating Email Submission/Access Services
RFC 5784-2010 Sieve Email Filtering: Sieves and Display Directives in XML
RFC 5550-2009 The Internet Email to Support Diverse Service Environments (Lemonade) Profile
RFC 8058-2017 Signaling One-Click Functionality for List Email Headers
RFC 6009-2010 Sieve Email Filtering: Delivery Status Notifications and Deliver-By Extensions
RFC 5703-2009 Sieve Email Filtering: MIME Part Tests@ Iteration@ Extraction@ Replacement@ and Enclosure

European Committee for Standardization (CEN), e-mail

PD CEN/TS 16326:2013 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Functional Specification for postal registered electronic mail
CEN/TS 16326:2013 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Functional Specification for postal registered electronic mail
PD CEN/TS 15121-2:2011 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Part 2: Secured electronic postal services (SePS) interface specification - ECPM Service
PD CEN/TS 15121-1:2011 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Part 1: Secured electronic postal services (SePS) interface specification - Concepts, schemas and operations
CEN/TS 15121-1:2011 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Part 1: Secured electronic postal services (SePS) interface specification - Concepts, schemas and operations

Danish Standards Foundation, e-mail

DS/CEN/TS 16326:2013 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Functional Specification for postal registered electronic mail
DS/CEN/TS 15121-2:2011 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Part 2: Secured electronic postal services (SePS) interface specification - ECPM Service
DS/CEN/TS 15121-1:2011 Postal Services - Hybrid Mail - Part 1: Secured electronic postal services (SePS) interface specification - Concepts, schemas and operations
DS/ISO/IEC TR 18016:2004 Information technology - Message Handling Systems (MHS) - Interworking with Internet e-mail

Professional Standard - Public Safety Standards, e-mail

GA/T 1172-2014 Technical methods for E-mail examination

Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC), e-mail

JIS X 0032:1999 Information technology -- Vocabulary -- Electronic Mail

Professional Standard - Judicatory, e-mail

SF/T 0156-2023

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People‘s Republic of China, e-mail

GB/T 32397-2015 Chinese internet email address.Technical specification for email headers to support
GB/T 26266-2010 Test specification for anti-spam email equipment
GB/T 26267-2010 Technical requirement for anti-spam email equipment
GB/T 28516-2012 Technical requirement for anti-spam Email gateway
GB/T 32398-2015 Chinese internet email address.Technical specification for SMTP extension to support
GB/T 5271.32-2006 Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 32: Electronic mail
GB/T 18304-2001 Information technology--Chinese specification of internet character transfer format for email

Professional Standard - Archives, e-mail

DA/T 32-2021 Official Email Archive Management Rules
DA/T 32-2005 Standards of electronic mail document filing and management

Professional Standard - Post and Telecommunication, e-mail

YD/T 1903-2009 Technical Requirement for Anti-Spam Email Equipment
YD/T 1904-2009 Test Specification for Anti-Spam Email Equipment
YD/T 1310-2004 The requirements of internet advertising e-mail format
YD/T 2418-2012 Technical Requirements for Email Headers in Internet Chinese Email Address Format
YD/T 1311-2004 Specification of Internet Anti-Spam
YD/T 2645-2013 Technical Requirements for Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) Support for Chinese Email Addresses
YD/T 1894-2009 Technical Requirement for E-mail Notification Service of Mobile terminat
YD/T 2144-2010 Technical specification for SMTP extension to support chinese internet email address
YD 600-1992 Accuracy grades of electronic scales for postal business
YD/T 2030-2009 General technical specification for Chinese internet email address

British Standards Institution (BSI), e-mail

BIP 0012-2-2003 Data protection - Guide to developing an email policy
DISC PD 5000-2-2002 International Code of Practice for electronic documents and e-business transactions as legally admissible evidence - Electronic communication and e-mail policy
BS DD CEN/TS 15121-2:2011 Postal services. Hybrid mail. Secured electronic postal services (SePS) interface specification. ECPM service
DD CEN/TS 15121-2:2011 Postal services. Hybrid mail. Secured electronic postal services (SePS) interface specification. ECPM service
DISC PD 0012-2-2000 Data protection - Guide to developing an e-mail policy
BS DD CEN/TS 15121-1:2011 Postal services. Hybrid mail. Secured electronic postal services (SePS) interface specification. Concepts, schemas and operations
DD CEN/TS 15121-1:2011 Postal services. Hybrid mail. Secured electronic postal services (SePS) interface specification. Concepts, schemas and operations
BS DD CEN/TS 15523:2006 Postal service — Statement of mailing submission
BS DD CEN/TS 15523:2007 Postal service. Statement of mailing submission
BS EN IEC 62435-8:2020 Electronic components. Long-term storage of electronic semiconductor devices - Passive electronic devices

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), e-mail

ISO/IEC 2382-32:1998 Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 32: Electronic mail
ISO/IEC 2382-32:1999 Information technology - Vocabulary - Part 32: Electronic mail

Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS), e-mail

KS X 0001-32-2009 Information technology-Vocabulary-Part 32:Electronic Mail
KS X 0001-32-2009(2019) Information technology－Vocabulary－Part 32：Electronic Mail

National Metrological Verification Regulations of the People's Republic of China, e-mail

JJG(邮电) 026-1994 Specification for verification of electronic scales intended to be used in post office

Group Standards of the People's Republic of China, e-mail

T/CCAA 64-2023 Technical specification for electron beam quarantine disinfection of imported mail and express

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), e-mail

NASA-STD-2808 REV A-1998 INTEROPERABILITY PROFILE FOR NASA E-MAIL CLIENTS

Professional Standard - Postal Service, e-mail

YZ/T 0068-2002 Electronic postal project acceptance specification
YZ/T 0008-2000 Accuracy class of postal counter electronic weighing instrument
YZ/T 0052-2001 Vocabulary for International Postal Electronic Data Interchange
YZ/Z 0046-2003 Technical requirement of postal branch operation system
YZ/Z 0051-2004 Code for design of postal branch operation system engineering

International Telecommunication Union (ITU), e-mail

ITU-T E.123 NOTE-2008 Notation for national and international telephone numbers e-mail addresses and Web addresses
ITU-T E.123 NOTE FRENCH-2008 Notation for national and international telephone numbers e-mail addresses and Web addresses
ITU-T E.123 AMD 1-2008 Notation for national and international telephone numbers, e-mail addresses and Web addresses Amendment 1 (Study Group 2)
ITU-T E.123 AMD 1 CHINESE-2008 Notation for national and international telephone numbers, e-mail addresses and Web addresses Amendment 1

Professional Standard - Aerospace, e-mail

QJ 2342-1992 Naming management specification for aerospace electronic post

国家市场监督管理总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会, e-mail

GB/T 37002-2018 Information security technology-Security techniques requirement for electronic mail system

Professional Standard - Civil Aviation, e-mail

MH/T 0059.2-2015 Specification for electronic data of air freight.Part 2: Flight freight manifest electronic data

BELST, e-mail

STB 2403-2015 Electronic documents. Formats of electronic documents for office work and storage of electronic documents in archive

Canadian Standards Association (CSA), e-mail

CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC TR 18016:2004 Information technology - Message Handling Systems (MHS) - Interworking with Internet e-mail

CU-NC, e-mail

NC 59-04-04-1986 National Electrotechnical Vocabulary. Electronic Elements and Components. Electronic Tubes