ZH

RU

ES

Extraction and Microextraction

Extraction and Microextraction, Total:497 items.

In the international standard classification, Extraction and Microextraction involves: Materials for aerospace construction, Vocabularies, Water quality, Analytical chemistry, Hand-held tools, Paper and board, Quality, Raw materials for rubber and plastics, Beverages, Soil quality. Pedology, Wastes, Fertilizers, Pharmaceutics, Protection against fire, Equipment for the chemical industry, Pulps, Road engineering, Construction materials, Rubber, Tea. Coffee. Cocoa, Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber, Equipment for processing of minerals, Sterilization and disinfection, Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs, Air quality, Farming and forestry, Animal feeding stuffs, Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology, Protection against crime, Paint ingredients, Inorganic chemicals, Organic chemicals, Processes in the food industry, Textile fibres, Products of the textile industry, Aircraft and space vehicles in general, Cereals, pulses and derived products, Products of the chemical industry, Medical equipment, Testing of metals, Non-destructive testing, Coals, Edible oils and fats. Oilseeds, Paints and varnishes, Plastics, Leather technology, Metalliferous minerals, Rubber and plastics products, Home textiles. Linen, Crude petroleum, Fuels, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products, Cutting tools, Wood-based panels, Ceramics, Kitchen equipment, Petroleum products in general, Packaging materials and accessories, Non-ferrous metals, Environmental protection, Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products, Radiation protection, Spices and condiments. Food additives, Non-metalliferous minerals, Jewellery, Milk and milk products, Tobacco, tobacco products and related equipment, Particle size analysis. Sieving, Laboratory medicine.


RO-ASRO, Extraction and Microextraction

Military Standards (MIL-STD), Extraction and Microextraction

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Extraction and Microextraction

US-FCR, Extraction and Microextraction

Professional Standard - Environmental Protection, Extraction and Microextraction

  • HJ 765-2015 Waste solid-Distilling of organic compound - Microwave extraction
  • HJ 478-2009 Water quality.Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatographic method
  • HJ 648-2013 Water quality.Determination of nitroaromatics by gas chromatography
  • HJ 782-2016 Waste solid-- Extraction of organic compounds -- Pressurized fluid extraction(PFE)
  • HJ 911-2017 Extraction of Soil and Sediment Organic Matter Ultrasonic Extraction
  • HJ 783-2016 soil and sediment—extraction of organic compounds—pressurized fluid extraction(pfe)

Taiwan Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China, Extraction and Microextraction

  • CNS 8304-1982 Methods of Test for n - Hexane Extract in Waste Water Liquid Extraction Method
  • CNS 8302-1982 Method of Test for N - Hexane Extract in Waste Water Soxhlet Extractor Method
  • CNS 4713-2005 Method of test for ethanol-toluene extractives in wood
  • CNS 14908-2005 Method of test for dichloromethane extractives in wood
  • CNS 13145-2002 Method of test for solvent extractable content in pulp
  • CNS 11453-1985 Hide Powder for Analysis of Vegetable Tannin Extracts
  • CNS 5886-1980 Solvent - Extractable Material in Black Pigment
  • CNS 3571-1973 Chemical Analysis of Acetone Extracted from Natural Rubber
  • CNS 8303-1982 Method of Test for n - Hexane Extract in Waste Water Solution Method
  • CNS 7312-1986 Assembly of Soxhlet's Glass Extractor for Chemical Analysis
  • CNS 11554-1986 Method of Test for Lead and Cadmium Release From Porcelain Enamel Surface
  • CNS 3503-1986 Method of Test for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Surfaces
  • CNS 10880.19-1996 Method of Test for Paint Components-pH Valve for Extracted Solution of Solvent Insolubles
  • CNS 6357-1980 Method of Test for Sediment in Crude and Fuel Oils by Extraction

American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Extraction and Microextraction

Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS), Extraction and Microextraction

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Extraction and Microextraction

  • ASTM D778-97 Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) of Paper Extracts (Hot- Extraction and Cold-Extraction Procedures)
  • ASTM D778-97(2007) Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) of Paper Extracts (Hot-Extraction and Cold-Extraction Procedures)
  • ASTM D1618-99 Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables-Transmittance of Toluene Extract
  • ASTM D1618-17 Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables&x2014;Transmittance of Toluene Extract
  • ASTM D1618-18 Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—Transmittance of Toluene Extract
  • ASTM D7772-15 Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables &x2013; Absorbance of Cyclohexane Extract
  • ASTM D5284-09(2023) Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction Fluid
  • ASTM D778-97(2002) Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) of Paper Extracts (Hot- Extraction and Cold-Extraction Procedures)
  • ASTM D5284-93(1999) Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction Fluid
  • ASTM D5284-93(2004)e1 Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction Fluid
  • ASTM D5284-93(2004) Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction Fluid
  • ASTM D5284-09 Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction Fluid
  • ASTM UOP602-89 Soxhlet Extraction of Catalyst
  • ASTM D1618-99(2011) Standard Test Method for Carbon Black ExtractablesTransmittance of Toluene Extract
  • ASTM UOP602-15 Soxhlet Extraction of Catalyst
  • ASTM UOP547-97 Laboratory Hydrogen Sulfide and Mercaptan Extraction
  • ASTM UOP547-13 Laboratory Hydrogen Sulfide and Mercaptan Extraction
  • ASTM D5369-93(2008)e1 Standard Practice for Extraction of Solid Waste Samples for Chemical Analysis Using Soxhlet Extraction
  • ASTM F1349-08 Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Ultraviolet (UV) Absorbing Extractables from Microwave Susceptors
  • ASTM F619-14 Standard Practice for Extraction of Medical Plastics
  • ASTM D6010-96 Standard Practice for Closed Vessel Microwave Solvent Extraction of Organic Compounds from Solid Matrices
  • ASTM D5284-09(2017) Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction Fluid
  • ASTM D2257-98 Standard Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
  • ASTM D2257-98(2004) Standard Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
  • ASTM D4527-99 Standard Test Methods for Carbon Black-Solvent Extractables
  • ASTM D3495-10(2023) Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather
  • ASTM D1618-99(2004) Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—Transmittance of Toluene Extract
  • ASTM D5369-93(1998) Standard Practice for Extraction of Solid Waste Samples for Chemical Analysis Using Soxhlet Extraction
  • ASTM F1308-98 Standard Test Method for Quantitating Volatile Extractables in Microwave Susceptors Used for Food Products
  • ASTM F1308-98(2003) Standard Test Method for Quantitating Volatile Extractables in Microwave Susceptors Used for Food Products
  • ASTM D2778-70(1974)e1 Method of Test for Solvent Extraction of Organic Matter from Water
  • ASTM D4527-99(2011) Standard Test Method for Carbon BlackSolvent Extractables
  • ASTM F619-03 Standard Practice for Extraction of Medical Plastics
  • ASTM D4527-99(2004) Standard Test Methods for Carbon Black8212;Solvent Extractables
  • ASTM D4527-18 Standard Test Method for Carbon Black—Solvent Extractables
  • ASTM D3235-16e1 Standard Test Method for Solvent Extractables in Petroleum Waxes
  • ASTM F619-03(2008) Standard Practice for Extraction of Medical Plastics
  • ASTM D4793-09(2023) Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Water
  • ASTM D7772-15(2019) Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables – Absorbance of Cyclohexane Extract
  • ASTM D3235-05 Standard Test Method for Solvent Extractables in Petroleum Waxes
  • ASTM D2222-94(2004) Standard Test Method for Methanol Extract of Vinyl Chloride Resins
  • ASTM D3235-04 Standard Test Method for Solvent Extractables in Petroleum Waxes
  • ASTM D3861-91(2003) Standard Test Method for Quantity of Water-Extractable Matter in Membrane Filters
  • ASTM D3235-06(2011) Standard Test Method for Solvent Extractables in Petroleum Waxes
  • ASTM D2222-94(1999) Standard Test Method for Methanol Extract of Vinyl Chloride Resins
  • ASTM D5233-92(1999) Standard Test Method for Single Batch Extraction Method for Wastes
  • ASTM D3495-10 Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather
  • ASTM D2257-98(2012) Standard Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
  • ASTM D2222-13 Standard Test Method for Methanol Extract of Vinyl Chloride Resins
  • ASTM D4527-99(2016) Standard Test Method for Carbon Black&x2014;Solvent Extractables
  • ASTM D5233-92(2017) Standard Test Method for Single Batch Extraction Method for Wastes
  • ASTM F1308-98(2008) Standard Test Method for Quantitating Volatile Extractables in Microwave Susceptors Used for Food Products
  • ASTM D1239-22 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Plastic Films to Extraction by Chemicals
  • ASTM D3495-00 Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather
  • ASTM D7210-06 Standard Practice for Extraction of Additives in Polyolefin Plastics
  • ASTM D3974-81(2003)e1 Standard Practices for Extraction of Trace Elements from Sediments
  • ASTM D305-84(2003) Standard Test Method for Solvent-Extractable Material in Black Pigments
  • ASTM D5444-98 Standard Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis of Extracted Aggregate
  • ASTM D3235-06 Standard Test Method for Solvent Extractables in Petroleum Waxes
  • ASTM D3861-91(1998) Standard Test Method for Quantity of Water-Extractable Matter in Membrane Filters
  • ASTM D3495-00(2006) Standard Test Method for Hexane Extraction of Leather
  • ASTM D5774-95(2009) Standard Test Methods for Rubber-Chemical Analysis of Extractables
  • ASTM D2222-09 Standard Test Method for Methanol Extract of Vinyl Chloride Resins

Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB), Extraction and Microextraction

RU-GOST R, Extraction and Microextraction

GOSTR, Extraction and Microextraction

  • GOST 27868-2019 High purity substances. Method for concentration of microimpurities by extraction

Group Standards of the People's Republic of China, Extraction and Microextraction

  • T/CAQI 111-2020 Specification for verification and evaluation of Solid Phase Extractor
  • T/ZZB 1750-2020 Bamboo vinegar extractive purified liquid for deodorization and antimicrobial
  • T/CAMS 87-2022 Rapid Solvent Extractor - Technology Requirement
  • T/GDMA 15-2019 Supercritical Low Temperature Extraction of Camellia Camellia Seed Oil
  • T/CNTAC 49-2020 Down and feather-Determination of pH value of aqueous extract
  • T/GDVIA 016-2022 Technical regulation for subcritical extraction of essential oil from Cinnamomum camphora
  • T/SHZSAQS 00081-2022 Technical specification for determination of pH value of textile water extract
  • T/CAQI 223-2021 Extraction Test and Limit of Specific Elements of Enamel Jewelry
  • T/GAIA 004-2020 Determination of eleven odor compounds in water by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

PL-PKN, Extraction and Microextraction

  • PN BN 6132-03-1967
  • PN C04219-1992 Rubber Determination of solvent extract
  • PN C04573-01-1986 Water and waste water Test for organie solvents extractable matters Determination of total content of petroleum ether extractable organie by gravimetric method
  • PN C04573 ArkusZ02-1974 Water and waste water Tests for organie solvents extrac- table matters Determination of impolar and polar of petroleum extractable organie matters by gravimetric method
  • PN C04573-03-1988 Water and waste water Tests for organie solvents extractable matters Determination of total content of isopropyl ether or methylene chloride extractable organie matters by gravimetric method
  • PN C89063-1986 Plastics products Determination ot' matter extractable by organie solvents
  • PN C04546 ArkusZ01-1974 Water and waste water Tests for mercury Determination of mercury by extrac- tive titration method

IN-BIS, Extraction and Microextraction

KR-KS, Extraction and Microextraction

German Institute for Standardization, Extraction and Microextraction

  • DIN ISO 9768:1996 Tea - Determination of water extract (ISO 9768:1994)
  • DIN ISO 9768:1999 Tea - Determination of water extract (ISO 9768:1994)
  • DIN EN 16278:2012-09 Animal feeding stuffs - Determination of inorganic arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) after microwave extraction and separation by solid phase extraction (SPE); German version EN 16278:2012
  • DIN 12449:1977 Paper laboratory ware; extraction thimbles
  • DIN EN 15959:2022 Inorganic fertilizers - Determination of extracted phosphorus PO; German and English version prEN 15959:2022
  • DIN EN 14038-2:2020-12 Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete - Part 2: Chloride extraction; German version EN 14038-2:2020
  • DIN EN 645:1994 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs; preparation of a cold water extract; German version EN 645:1993
  • DIN EN 647:1994 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs; preparation of a hot water extract; German version EN 647:1993
  • DIN 52924-2:1999 Testing of paper and board - Determination of extractable constituents - Part 2: Determination of soluble extractable substances
  • DIN 52924-2:1999-09 Testing of paper and board - Determination of extractable constituents - Part 2: Determination of soluble extractable substances
  • DIN ISO 11466:1997 Soil quality - Extraction of trace elements soluble in aqua regia (ISO 11466:1995)
  • DIN 54231:2022-09 Textiles - Determination of dyes after methanol extraction
  • DIN EN 16278:2012 Animal feeding stuffs - Determination of inorganic arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) after microwave extraction and separation by solid phase extraction (SPE); German version EN 16278:2012
  • DIN ISO 23611-2:2007 Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 2: Sampling and extraction of micro-arthropods (Collembola and Acarina) (ISO 23611-2:2006) English version of DIN ISO 23611-2:2007-02
  • DIN ISO 21951:2001 Coated abrasives - Plain discs with holes for dust extraction (ISO 21951:2001)
  • DIN EN ISO 3735:1999 Crude petroleum and fuel oils - Determination of sediment - Extraction method (ISO 3735-1999); German version EN ISO 3735:1999
  • DIN EN 15959:2012 Fertilizers - Determination of extracted phosphorus; German version EN 15959:2011
  • DIN CEN/TS 14038-2:2011 Electrochemical re-alkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete - Part 2: Chloride extraction; German version CEN/TS 14038-2:2011
  • DIN EN 15958:2012 Fertilizers - Extraction of water soluble phosphorus; German version EN 15958:2011
  • DIN 19730:1997 Soil quality - Extraction of trace elements with ammonium nitrate solution
  • DIN ISO 23611-1:2007 Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 1: Hand-sorting and formalin extraction of earthworms (ISO 23611-1:2006) English version of DIN ISO 23611-1:2007-02
  • DIN 10810:1996 Analysis of tea and tea products - Determination of theobromine and coffeine content of instant tea in solid form and instant tea products - HPLC-method
  • DIN EN 13650:2002 Soil improvers and growing media - Extraction of aqua regia soluble elements; German version EN 13650:2001
  • DIN 53114:1990 Paper, board and pulps; determination of conductivity of aqueous extracts; modified version of ISO 6587:1980

GM North America, Extraction and Microextraction

  • GM9882P-2003 Insertion-Extraction - Weatherstrip Revision B
  • GM9225P-1988 Extraction of Threads for Percent Lubricant and Percent Resin

SE-SIS, Extraction and Microextraction

British Standards Institution (BSI), Extraction and Microextraction

  • BS DD CEN/TS 15959:2009 Fertilizers — Determination of extracted phosphorus
  • BS DD CEN/TS 15959:2010 Fertilizers. Determination of extracted phosphorus
  • DD CEN/TS 15959:2009 Fertilizers. Determination of extracted phosphorus
  • BS EN 15959:2011 Fertilizers. Determination of extracted phosphorus
  • BS DD CEN/TS 14038-2:2011 Electrochemical re-alkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete. Chloride extraction
  • BS 2071:1990 Specification for Soxhlet extractors
  • BS 2071:1989 Specification for Soxhlet extractors
  • BS EN 16278:2012 Animal feeding stuffs. Determination of inorganic arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) after microwave extraction and separation by solid phase extraction (SPE)
  • BS DD CEN/TS 16032:2010 Fertilizers - Extraction and determination of elemental sulfur
  • BS EN 16032:2011 Fertilizers. Extraction and determination of elemental sulfur
  • DD CEN/TS 15956:2009 Fertilizers. Extraction of phosphorus soluble in mineral acids
  • 14/30313922 DC BS ISO 15959. Fertilizers. Determination of extracted phosphorus
  • PD CEN/TS 17767:2022 Organo-mineral fertilizers. Extraction of phosphorus by formic acid
  • BS EN 15956:2011 Fertilizers. Extraction of phosphorus soluble in mineral acids
  • BS EN 15919:2011 Fertilizers. Extraction of phosphorus soluble in 2 % formic acid
  • BS ISO 3749:2022 Glass syringes. Determination of extractable tungsten
  • DD CEN/TS 15919:2009 Fertilizers. Extraction of phosphorus soluble in 2% formic acid
  • BS ISO 6588-1:2012 Paper, board and pulps. Determination of pH of aqueous extracts. Cold extraction
  • BS ISO 6588-1:2020 Tracked Changes. Paper, board and pulps. Determination of pH of aqueous extracts. Cold extraction
  • BS ISO 19730:2009 Soil quality - Extraction of trace elements from soil using ammonium nitrate solution
  • BS EN ISO 23611-2:2011 Soil quality. Sampling of soil invertebrates. Sampling and extraction of micro-arthropods (Collembola and Acarina)
  • BS EN ISO 3071:2006 Textiles - Determination of pH of aqueous extract
  • BS EN ISO 3071:2020 Tracked Changes. Textiles. Determination of pH of aqueous extract
  • BS EN 15925:2011 Fertilizers. Extraction of total sulfur present in various forms
  • BS EN 15920:2011 Fertilizers. Extraction of phosphorus soluble in 2 % citric acid
  • BS EN 1413:1998 Textiles - Determination of pH of aqueous extract
  • 22/30447066 DC BS ISO 1407. Rubber. Determination of solvent extract
  • BS EN ISO 23611-3:2011 Soil quality. Sampling of soil invertebrates. Sampling and soil extraction of enchytraeids
  • BS EN 1541:2001 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs - Determination of formaldehyde in an aqueous extract
  • BS 8459:2005 Determination of extractable matter in textiles - Method
  • BS ISO 3140:2011 Oil of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], obtained by physical extraction of the peel
  • BS ISO 16729:2013 Soil quality. Digestion of nitric acid soluble fractions of elements
  • BS ISO 17586:2016 Soil quality. Extraction of trace elements using dilute nitric acid
  • 22/30453268 DC BS EN 15959. Inorganic fertilizers. Determination of extracted phosphorus P2O5
  • BS ISO 1407:2023 Tracked Changes. Rubber. Determination of solvent extract
  • BS ISO 6588-2:2021 Paper, board and pulps. Determination of pH of aqueous extracts. Hot extraction
  • BS ISO 6588-1:2021 Tracked Changes. Paper, board and pulps. Determination of pH of aqueous extracts. Cold extraction
  • BS EN 15926:2011 Fertilizers. Extraction of water soluble sulfur where the sulfur is in various forms
  • BS EN ISO 734-2:2009 Oilseed meals - Determination of oil content - Rapid extraction method
  • BS EN 120:1992 Wood based panels - Determination of formaldehyde content - Extraction method called the perforator method
  • BS EN ISO 734-2:2008 Oilseed meals — Determination of oil content Part 2: Rapid extraction method (ISO 734-2:2008)
  • BS EN ISO 22630:2015 Oilseed meals. Determination of oil content. Rapid extraction method
  • BS EN ISO 734-2:2010 Oilseed meals - Determination of oil content - Rapid extraction method
  • DD CEN/TS 15957:2009 Fertilizers. Extraction of phosphorus which is soluble in neutral ammonium citrate
  • 21/30410865 DC BS ISO 3749. Glass syringes. Determination of extractable Tungsten
  • BS EN 920:2001 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs - Determination of dry matter content in an aqueous extract
  • BS EN ISO 6427:1999 Plastics - Determination of matter extractable by organic solvents (conventional methods)
  • BS ISO 14714:2001 Essential oils and aromatic extracts - Determination of residual benzene content
  • BS EN 16199:2012 Fertilizers. Determination of the sodium extracted by flame-emission spectrometry
  • BS EN 15957:2011 Fertilizers. Extraction of phosphorus which is soluble in neutral ammonium citrate
  • BS EN ISO 6427:2014 Plastics. Determination of matter extractable by organic solvents (conventional methods)
  • BS EN ISO 12460-5:2015 Wood-based panels. Determination of formaldehyde release. Extraction method (called the perforator method)
  • BS 5522:1977 Specification for milk and milk products - Determination of fat content - Mojonnier-type fat extraction flasks
  • BS EN 15519:2007 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs - Preparation of an organic solvent extract
  • BS 7755-4.4.2:1997 Soil quality - Biological methods - Effects of pollutants on microbes - Determination of soil microbial mass - Fumigation-extraction method
  • BS EN 16693:2015 Water quality. Determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in whole water samples. Method using solid phase extraction (SPE) with SPE-disks combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
  • BS ISO 6588-2:2012 Paper, board and pulps. Determination of pH of aqueous extracts. Hot extraction
  • BS DD CEN/TS 15923:2009 Fertilizers - Extraction of phosphorus soluble in Joulie's alkaline ammonium citrate
  • BS ISO 6588-2:2020 Tracked Changes. Paper, board and pulps. Determination of pH of aqueous extracts. Hot extraction
  • BS EN ISO 14184-1:2011 Textiles. Determination of formaldehyde. Free and hydrolised formaldehyde (water extraction method)
  • BS EN 15923:2011 Fertilizers. Extraction of phosphorus soluble in Joulie's alcaline ammonium citrate

European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Extraction and Microextraction

  • EN 15959:2011 Fertilizers - Determination of extracted phosphorus
  • PD CEN/TS 14038-2:2011 Electrochemical re-alkalization and chloride extraction treatments for rein-forced concrete - Part 2: Chloride extraction
  • EN 645:1993 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs; preparation of a cold water extract
  • EN 647:1993 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs; preparation of a hot water extract
  • EN 16278:2012 Animal feeding stuffs - Determination of inorganic arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) after microwave extraction and separation by solid phase extraction (SPE)
  • CEN/TS 16177:2012 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Extraction for the determination of extractable ammonia, nitrate and nitrite
  • EN 16693:2015 Water quality - Determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in whole water samples - Method using solid phase extraction (SPE) with SPE-disks combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
  • EN ISO 6427:1998 Plastics - Determination of Matter Extractable by Organic Solvents (Conventional Methods) ISO 6427:1992
  • EN 15519:2007 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs - Preparation of an organic solvent extract
  • EN ISO 23611-1:2018 Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 1: Hand-sorting and extraction of earthworms
  • EN 15922:2011 Fertilizers - Extraction of soluble phosphorus according to Petermann at ambient temperature
  • EN 16691:2015 Water quality - Determination of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in whole water samples - Method using solid phase extraction (SPE) with SPE-disks combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
  • EN 16694:2015 Water quality - Determination of selected polybrominated diphenly ether (PBDE) in whole water samples - Method using solid phase extraction (SPE) with SPE-disks combined with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
  • EN 12274-1:2002 Slurry Surfacing - Test Methods - Part 1: Sampling for Binder Extraction
  • EN 12274-1:2018 Slurry surfacing - Test methods - Part 1: Sampling of slurry surfacing mixture
  • PD CEN/TS 15923:2009 Fertilizers - Extraction of phosphorus soluble in Joulie's alcaline ammonium citrate

Danish Standards Foundation, Extraction and Microextraction

  • DS/ISO 1407:1995 Rubber - Determination of solvent extract
  • DS/EN 16278:2012 Animal feeding stuffs - Determination of inorganic arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) after microwave extraction and separation by solid phase extraction (SPE)
  • DS/CEN/TS 16177:2012 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Extraction for the determination of extractable ammonia, nitrate and nitrite
  • DS/EN ISO 3735:2007 Crude petroleum and fuel oils - Determination of sediment - Extraction method
  • DS/EN ISO 18609:2002 Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of unsaponifiable matter - Method using hexane extraction
  • DS/EN ISO 3596:2002 Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of unsaponifiable matter - Method using diethyl ether extraction

Professional Standard - Machinery, Extraction and Microextraction

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Extraction and Microextraction

  • ISO 659:1988 Oilseeds; determination of hexane extract (or light petroleum extract), called "oil content"
  • ISO 6588-1:2021 Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts — Part 1: Cold extraction
  • ISO 6588-2:2021 Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts — Part 2: Hot extraction
  • ISO 9768:1994 Tea - Determination of water extract
  • ISO 1407:1992 Rubber; determination of solvent extract
  • ISO 5316:1977 Fertilizers; Extraction of water-soluble phosphates
  • ISO 12914:2012 Soil quality - Microwave-assisted extraction of the aqua regia soluble fraction for the determination of elements
  • ISO 3071:2005 Textiles - Determination of pH of aqueous extract
  • ISO 4048:1977 Leather; Determination of matter soluble in dichloromethane
  • ISO 3071:1980 Textiles; Determination of pH of the aqueous extract
  • ISO 3749:2022 Glass syringes — Determination of extractable tungsten
  • ISO 19730:2008 Soil quality - Extraction of trace elements from soil using ammonium nitrate solution
  • ISO 17586:2016 Soil quality - Extraction of trace elements using dilute nitric acid
  • ISO 7497:1984 Fertilizers; Extraction of phosphates soluble in mineral acids
  • ISO 975:1985 Brown coals and lignites; Determination of yield of toluene-soluble extract
  • ISO 9768:1994/cor 1:1998 Tea - Determination of water extract; Technical Corrigendum 1
  • ISO 6588-2:2020 Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts — Part 2: Hot extraction
  • ISO 23611-2:2006 Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 2: Sampling and extraction of micro-arthropods (Collembola and Acarina)
  • ISO 6427:2013 Plastics - Determination of matter extractable by organic solvents (conventional methods)
  • ISO 1407:1992/Cor 1:2007 Rubber - Determination of solvent extract; Technical Corrigendum 1
  • ISO 1952:2008 Solid mineral fuels - Determination of extractable metals in dilute hydrochloric acid
  • ISO 22630:2015 Oilseed meals - Determination of oil content - Rapid extraction method
  • ISO 6427:1992 Plastics; determination of matter extractable by organic solvents (conventional methods)
  • ISO 3735:1975 Crude petroleum and fuel oils; Determination of sediment; Extraction method
  • ISO 6714:1990 Paints and varnishes — Preparation of acid extracts from dried paint films
  • ISO 23611-1:2018 Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 1: Hand-sorting and extraction of earthworms
  • ISO 975:1975 Brown coals and lignites — Determination of yield of benzene-soluble extract
  • ISO 6209:1983 Rubber compounding ingredients — Carbon black — Determination of solvent extractable material
  • ISO 6587:1980 Paper, board and pulps — Determination of conductivity of aqueous extracts
  • ISO 6713:1980 Paints and varnishes — Preparation of acid extracts from liquid paints
  • ISO 14714:1998 Essential oils and aromatic extracts - Determination of residual benzene content
  • ISO 3112:1975 Copper and copper alloys; Determination of lead; Extracting titration method
  • ISO 940:1979 Spices and condiments; Determination of alcohol-soluble extract
  • ISO 599:1979 Plastics — Polyamides — Determination of matter extractable by boiling methanol
  • ISO 23611-1:2006 Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 1: Hand-sorting and formalin extraction of earthworms
  • ISO 6209:2009 Rubber compounding ingredients - Carbon black - Determination of solvent-extractable material
  • ISO 21318:2007 Plastics - Epoxy resins - Determination of electrical conductivity of aqueous resin extracts
  • ISO 1875:1982 Plastics; Plasticized cellulose acetate; Determination of matter extractable by diethyl ether
  • ISO 9944:1990 Plastics; phenolic resins; determination of electrical conductivity of resin extracts
  • ISO 941:1980 Spices and condiments; Determination of cold water-soluble extract

US-ACEI, Extraction and Microextraction

  • IPC TM-650 2.4.46-1995 Spread Test, Liquid or Extracted Solder Flux, Solder Paste and Extracted Cored Wires or Preforms

Standard Association of Australia (SAA), Extraction and Microextraction

  • AS/NZS 2891.3.2:1997 Methods of sampling and testing asphalt - Bitumen content and aggregate grading - Centrifugal extraction method
  • AS/NZS 1301.421:2008 Methods of test for pulp and paper - Determination of pH of aqueous extracts - Cold extraction method
  • AS/NZS 1301.421s:1998 Methods of test for pulp and paper - Determination of the pH value of aqueous extracts of paper, board and pulp - Cold extraction method

CZ-CSN, Extraction and Microextraction

  • CSN 62 1112-1977 Chemical tests of vulcani- zed rubber. Solvent extrac- tion and alcoholic KOH ex- traction
  • CSN 70 4170-1974 Distilling and extraction glass adapters
  • CSN 44 1365-1974 Determination of the yield of soluble extracts from brown coals and lignites
  • CSN 75 7506-2002 Water quality - Determination of extractable matters by IR spectrometric method
  • CSN 75 7508-2003 Water quality - Determination of extractable matters by gravimetric method
  • CSN 75 7951-1987 Water quality. Chemical and physical analysis of sludges. Determination of extractives
  • CSN 67 3034-1990 1'ainta and varnishes. 1'reparation of acid exfcni?t.s from ili-iod ?ilina
  • CSN ISO 9944:1994 Plastics. Phenolic resins. Determination of electrical conductivity of resin extracts
  • CSN 79 3873-1980 Testing of leathers. Determination of the content of the extractible chrome in leathers
  • CSN 75 7505-1998 Water quality - Determination of non-polar extractable matters by IR spectrometric method

YU-JUS, Extraction and Microextraction

  • JUS G.C1.061-1984 Rubber. Determination of solvent extract
  • JUS H.B8.821-1997 Fertilizcrs - Extraction ofphosphates soluble in formic acid
  • JUS D.C8.118-1987 Testing of particleboards; determination of formaldehyde content; extraction methodcalled perf orator method
  • JUS H.B8.820-1997 Fertilizers - Extraction ojphosphates soluble in citric acid

Association Francaise de Normalisation, Extraction and Microextraction

  • NF E05-045*NF EN ISO 14406:2011 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Extraction
  • NF V03-343*NF ISO 9768:1994 Tea. Determination of water extract.
  • NF X31-011*NF ISO 12914:2012 Soil quality - Microwave-assisted extraction of the aqua regia soluble fraction for the determination of elements.
  • XP CEN/TS 16177:2012 Boues, biodéchets traités et sols - Extraction pour la détermination de l'azote nitrique et ammoniacal extractible
  • NF T46-100:1979 Rubber. Determination of solvent extract.
  • NF V18-251*NF EN 16278:2012 Animal feeding stuffs - Determination of inorganic arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) after microwave extraction and separation by solid phase extraction (SPE)
  • NF V18-104:1980 Animal feeding stuffs. Determination of diethyl ether extract.
  • NF T43-101:1992 Determination of the acetone extract from raw rubber.
  • XP X31-080*XP CEN/TS 16177:2012 Sludge, treated biowaste and soil - Extraction for the determination of extractable ammonia, nitrate and nitrite
  • NF U42-174*NF EN 15956:2011 Fertilizers - Extraction of phosphorus soluble in mineral acids
  • NF Q03-109*NF EN 15519:2007 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs - Preparation of an organic solvent extract
  • NF G06-036:2006 Textiles - Determination of pH of aqueous extract.
  • NF U42-172*NF EN 15925:2011 Fertilizers - Extraction of total sulfur present in various forms
  • NF EN ISO 22630:2016 Tourteaux de graines oléagineuses - Détermination de la teneur en huile - Méthode d'extraction rapide
  • NF M07-010*NF EN ISO 3735:1999 Crude petroleum and fuel oils. Determination of sediment. Extraction method.
  • NF ISO 6209:2009 Ingrédients de mélange du caoutchouc - Noir de carbone - Détermination des matières extractibles par les solvants
  • NF P98-857-1:2003 Slurry surfacing - Test method - Part 1 : sampling for binder extraction.
  • NF X31-445*NF ISO 19730:2009 Soil quality - Extraction of trace elements from soil using ammonium nitrate solution.
  • NF U42-196*NF EN 16199:2013 Fertilizers - Determination of the sodium extracted by flame-emission spectrometry
  • NF T51-442*NF EN ISO 9944:1995 Plastics. Phenolic resins. Determination of electrical conductivity of resin extracts.
  • NF V03-408:1969 Spices and condiments. Determination of cold water-soluble extract.
  • NF T12-020:1985 Pulps. Determination of dichloromethane soluble matter. Extraction method.
  • NF EN ISO 6427:2014 Plastiques - Détermination des matières extractibles par des solvants organiques (Méthodes conventionnelles)
  • NF EN ISO 14362-1:2017 Textiles - Méthodes de détermination de certaines amines aromatiques dérivées de colorants azoïques - Partie 1 : détection de l'utilisation de certains colorants azoïques accessibles avec ou sans extraction
  • NF Q03-095*NF EN 12497:2005 Paper and board - Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs - Determination of mercury in an aqueous extract.
  • NF T45-136*NF ISO 6209:2009 Rubber compounding ingredients - Carbon black - Determination of solvent extractable material
  • NF Q03-088*NF EN 647:1994 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Preparation of a hot water extract.
  • NF V03-406:1986 Spices and condiments. Determination of non-volatile ether extract.
  • NF X31-415*NF ISO 11466:1995 Soil quality. Extraction of trace elements soluble in aqua regia.
  • NF F05-393:1995 PLASTICS. PHENOLIC RESINS. DETERMINATION OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF RESIN EXTRACTS. (EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 9944).

ZA-SANS, Extraction and Microextraction

Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC), Extraction and Microextraction

(U.S.) Ford Automotive Standards, Extraction and Microextraction

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Extraction and Microextraction

IPC - Association Connecting Electronics Industries, Extraction and Microextraction

中华人民共和国环境保护部, Extraction and Microextraction

  • GB 12378-1990 Analytical method of microquantity uranium in air by spectropho to fluoremetry after extraction with TBP
  • GB 11219.1-1989 Analytical determination of plitonium in soil-Extraction chromatography method

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People‘s Republic of China, Extraction and Microextraction

  • GB/T 12378-1990 Analytical method of microquantity uranium in air by spectrophotofluoremetry after extraction with TBP
  • GB/T 5211.2-2003 Determination of matter soluble in water of pigments hot extraction method
  • GB/T 5211.1-1985 Determination of water-soluble matter of pigments--Cold extraction method
  • GB/T 5211.2-1985 Determination of water-soluble matter of pigments--Hot extraction method
  • GB/T 5211.1-2003 Determination of matter soluble in water of pigments cold extraction method
  • GB/T 13835.8-1992 Test method for extractable matter by ether from Angora rabbit hair
  • GB/T 7573-2002 Textiles--Determination of pH of the aqueous extract
  • GB/T 5211.12-1986 Determination of resistivity of the aqueous extract of pigments
  • GB/T 11219.1-1989 Determination of plutonium in soil--Extraction chromatography method
  • GB/T 5211.12-2007 Determination of resistivity of aqueous extract pigmtnts
  • GB/T 7573-2009 Textiles.Determination of pH of aqueous extract
  • GB/T 5211.13-1986 Determination of acidity or alkalinity of the aqueous extract of pigments
  • GB 5211.13-1986 Determination of pH of Pigment Water Extract
  • GB/T 24572.4-2009 Standard practice for separation and concentration of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples.Part 4: Solid phase microextraetion (SPME)
  • GB/T 1575-2001 Determination of yield of benzene-soluble extract in brown coal
  • GB/T 27754-2011 Home textiles.The limited of water extraction material within towel
  • GB/T 32697-2016 Plastics.Phenol-formaldehyde.Determination of electrical conductivity of resin extracts
  • GB/T 3780.29-2022 Carbon black—Part 29:Determination of solvent extractable material
  • GB/T 2915-2013 Determination of conductivity of water extract of polyvinyl chloride resins
  • GB/T 41880-2022 Plastics—Epoxy resins—Determination of electrical conductivity of aqueous resin extracts
  • GB/T 27580-2011 Essential oils and aromatic extracts.Determination of residual benzene content
  • GB/T 28025-2011 Determination of the residure chlorine in products with filling materials.Water extraction method
  • GB/T 2915-1999 Determination of conductivity of water extract of poly(vinyl chloride) Resins
  • GB/T 15503-1995 Water quality--Determination of vanadium--BPHA extraction spectrophotometric method

Yunnan Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China, Extraction and Microextraction

  • DB53/T 1094-2022 Extraction process of saponins from Panax notoginseng stems and leaves by solid-liquid extraction method

Lithuanian Standards Office , Extraction and Microextraction

  • LST EN 16278-2012 Animal feeding stuffs - Determination of inorganic arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) after microwave extraction and separation by solid phase extraction (SPE)
  • LST ISO 1108:1998 Spices and condiments. Determination of non-volatile ether extract
  • LST EN ISO 18609:2003 Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of unsaponifiable matter - Method using hexane extraction
  • LST EN ISO 3596:2003 Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of unsaponifiable matter - Method using diethyl ether extraction

AENOR, Extraction and Microextraction

  • UNE-EN 16278:2012 Animal feeding stuffs - Determination of inorganic arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) after microwave extraction and separation by solid phase extraction (SPE)
  • UNE-ISO 1407:2012 Rubber. Determination of solvent extract
  • UNE-ISO 6588-1:2013 Paper, board and pulps. Determination of pH of aqueous extracts. Part 1: Cold extraction
  • UNE 64027:1970 MIXED FEEDS AND RAW MATERIALS. DETERMINATION OF EXTRACTIVE MATTERS NITROGEN FREE.

TN-INNORPI, Extraction and Microextraction

Malaysia Standards, Extraction and Microextraction

Professional Standard - Water Conservancy, Extraction and Microextraction

  • SL 144.10-2008 Calibration method of solid-phase extractor (SPE)
  • SL 144.9-2008 Calibration method of accelerated solvent extractor (ASE)

VN-TCVN, Extraction and Microextraction

  • TCVN 6856-2-2001 Soil quality.Determination of soil microbial biomass.Part 2: Fumigation-extraction method
  • TCVN 7422-2007 Textiles.Determination of pH of aqueous extract
  • TCVN 5920-1995 Copper and copper alloys.Determination of lead.Extracting titration method
  • TCVN 6649-2000 Soil quality.Extraction of trace elements soluble in aqua regia

Professional Standard - Public Safety Standards, Extraction and Microextraction

  • GA/T 1515-2018 Forensic Science Gasoline Residue Extraction Test Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Universal Oil Products Company (UOP), Extraction and Microextraction

  • UOP 547-2013 LABORATORY HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND MERCAPTAN EXTRACTION

ES-UNE, Extraction and Microextraction

  • UNE-EN 14038-2:2022 Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete - Part 2: Chloride extraction

AT-ON, Extraction and Microextraction

  • ONORM EN 645-1994 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Preparation of a cold water extract
  • ONORM EN 647-1994 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Preparation of a hot water extract
  • ONORM DIN 10803-1993 Analysis of tea - Determination of water extract
  • ONORM M 6243-1990 Water quality; determination of easily volatile halogenated hydrocarbons by extraction
  • ONORM M 6614-2001 Water analysis - Determinaiton of extractable organic bound halogens (EOX)

NL-NEN, Extraction and Microextraction

  • NEN 5375-1967 Spices and condiments. Determination of extract
  • NEN-EN 120-1993 Wood based panels. Determination of formal dehyde content. Extraction method called the perforator method
  • NEN-EN 645-1994 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.Preparation of a cold water extract
  • NEN-EN 647-1994 Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.Preparation of a hot water extract

Professional Standard - Commodity Inspection, Extraction and Microextraction

  • SN/T 1788-2006 Determination of quinizarin - Extraction spectrophotometric method
  • SN/T 0752-1999 Method for the deternination of wax content for export knitting cone yarn.Extraction method

Professional Standard - Light Industry, Extraction and Microextraction

  • QB/T 3812.13-1999 Leather.Determination of matter soluble in dichloromethane
  • QB/T 1276-1991 Determination of carbon tetrachloride extract in fur products
  • QB/T 2718-2005 Leather-Chemical test-Determination of matter soluble in dichloromethane
  • QB/T 1276-2012 Fur.Chemical tests.Determination of matter soluble in carbon tetrachloride
  • QB/T 2718-2018 Determination of dichloromethane extract in leather chemical test

Shanxi Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China, Extraction and Microextraction

  • DB14/T 1948-2019 Determination of Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Water Quality Headspace/Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography
  • DB14/T 1949-2019 Determination of Soil Halogenated Hydrocarbons Headspace/Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography

Indonesia Standards, Extraction and Microextraction

HU-MSZT, Extraction and Microextraction

TR-TSE, Extraction and Microextraction

  • TS 477-1967 METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION pH OF THE WATER EXTRACT OF WOOL
  • TS 2136-1975 SPICES AND CONDIMENTS DETERMINATION OF COLD WATER SCLUELE EX1'RACT
  • TS 2387-1976 DETERMINATION OF pH VALUE OF THE WATER-EXTRACT FROM BLEACHED TEXT1LE MATERIALE (BY pH METER)

Professional Standard - Chemical Industry, Extraction and Microextraction

  • HG/T 2905-1997 Plastics-phenolic resins-determination of electrical conductivity

中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会, Extraction and Microextraction

  • GB/T 1575-2018 Determination of yield of benzene-soluble extract in brown coals

Professional Standard - Coal, Extraction and Microextraction

  • MT 357-1994 Determination method of chloroform extract from coal
  • MT/T 357-1994 Determination method of chloroform extract from coal
  • MT 358-1994 Determination method of chloroform extract group components of coal

Jiangsu Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China, Extraction and Microextraction

  • DB32/T 4558-2023 Online near-infrared detection system for traditional Chinese medicine extract extraction, concentration, and extraction production processes

Jilin Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China, Extraction and Microextraction

  • DB22/T 3120-2020 Determination of Nitrobenzene Compounds in Water Quality by Needle Trap Microextraction Gas Chromatography

US-AATCC, Extraction and Microextraction

Professional Standard - Forestry, Extraction and Microextraction

  • LY/T 1616-2004 Determination of electric conductivity of aqueous extract from activated carbon

国家市场监督管理总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会, Extraction and Microextraction

  • GB/T 36796-2018 Rubber latex gloves for food services—Limits for extractable substances

BE-NBN, Extraction and Microextraction

  • NBN T 52-081-1983 Crude petroleum and fuel oils - Determination of sediment - Extraction method

CU-NC, Extraction and Microextraction

  • NC 3-1966 Code of hygiene practices for the extraction elaboration and commercialization of drinking water
  • NC 74-26-1985 Cattle-Raising. Animal Feeding Determination of Ethereal Extract

CEN - European Committee for Standardization, Extraction and Microextraction

  • EN ISO 23611-1:2011 Soil quality - Sampling of soil invertebrates - Part 1: Handsorting and formalin extraction of earthworms

Professional Standard - Nuclear Industry, Extraction and Microextraction

  • EJ/T 20124-2016 Determination of <左上标90>Sr in urine by HDEHP extraction chromatography
  • EJ 349.4-1988 P350-Absorptive Resin Extraction Chromatographic Separation Continuous Determination Method for Trace Uranium and Thorium in Rocks

Shandong Provincial Standard of the People's Republic of China, Extraction and Microextraction

  • DB37/T 4148-2020 Determination of Water Quality 2,4-D by Solid Phase Extraction-Liquid Chromatography
  • DB37/T 4157-2020 Determination of Carbofuran in Water by Solid Phase Extraction-Liquid Chromatography
  • DB37/T 4161-2020 Determination of Water Quality Aldicarb Solid Phase Extraction-Liquid Chromatography

国家质量监督检验检疫总局, Extraction and Microextraction

  • SN/T 4926-2017 Rapid pH screening method for water extracts of imported and exported textiles

Military Standard of the People's Republic of China-General Armament Department, Extraction and Microextraction

  • GJB 772.405-1989 Test methods for explosives Acid and alkalinity determination Hot water extraction method
  • GJB 8781.7-2015 High temperature alloy trace element analysis method Part 7: Butyl acetate extraction and separation-benzene extraction crystal violet spectrophotometry for determination of indium content

煤炭工业部, Extraction and Microextraction

  • MT/T 358-1994 Method for determination of family components of coal extracted with chloroform

国家烟草专卖局, Extraction and Microextraction

  • YC/T 585-2019 Determination of solid content in extracts and concentrates during the production of reconstituted tobacco leaves

Military Standard of the People's Republic of China-Commission of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defence, Extraction and Microextraction

  • GJB 5404.7-2005 Analysis methods for trace elements in super alloys Part 7: Determination of indium content by benzene extraction crystal violet spectrophotometric method after separation of butyl acetate extraction

Professional Standard - Hygiene , Extraction and Microextraction

  • WS/T 24-1996 Spectrophotometric method for dithizone-extraction




Copyright ©2007-2023 ANTPEDIA, All Rights Reserved