标准-分析测试百科网

GB 15445-1995 颗粒粒度分析结果的图形表征

Graphical representation of particle size analysis results

ICS: /
CCS: /
发布: 1995-01-10
实施: 1995-10-01

GB 6323.6-1994 汽车操纵稳定性试验方法稳态回转试验

Automobile handling stability test method Steady state rotation test

ICS: /
CCS: /
发布: 1994-04-04
实施: 1994-11-01

GB 5723-1993 硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶试验用试样和制品尺寸的测定

Determination of dimensions of test specimens and articles for vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber

ICS: /
CCS: /
发布: 1993-12-30
实施: 1994-10-01

Scope of the Problem There are approximately 577@000 bridges throughout the United States. Most of these bridges were constructed during two great building booms@ the Depression years and the Interstate construction era.' A large percentage of the roughly 90@000 bridges built in the 1930s are reaching the end of their useful life and must be replaced or rehabilitated. The 223@000 bridges built between 1956 and 1975 are beginning to pass through their midlife and most will require deck replacement or major repairs. The vagaries of political support and funding for bridges have left many states and localities with insufficient funds to address these important needs. Even agencies that have kept up with most of their needs occasionally encounter funding shortfalls. Limited funds must be managed as wisely as possible. Over the next two decades bridge managers will be attempting to balance limited@ inadequate resources against increasing bridge needs. Structural failure cannot be tolerated@ yet funds often must be thinly spread because they are limited. The best action for each bridge@ considered alone@ is not necessarily the best action when faced with funding constraints. InsufFrcient funds often mean delaying or downscoping the ideal type of project. Also@ some agencies try to keep all bridges for which they are responsible open and without load restrictions@ but others find that limited funds necessitate posting and closing of deteriorated bridges. Besides ensuring the best use of limited funds@ other concerns in the management of the nation's bridges are safety@ preservation of investment@ and serving commerce and the motoring public. Highway and transportation agencies must carefully monitor potentially severe safety problems such as bridges subject to collapse due to scouring or lack of structural support. They must identify premature deterioration and damage of bridges and use these funds to avoid further deterioration and correct damage through proper maintenance and repair. These agencies also must strive to reduce inconvenience and disruptions to commerce and passenger travel due to load and clearance restrictions or closing of bridges. The complexity of the bridge management problem is magnified by the wide variety of bridge designs and materials ranging from simple concrete slabs to steel trusses to cable-stayed bridges. Bridges of different designs and materials deteriorate at different rates. and so do their components. Bridges are made up of major components: deck@ superstructure and substructure@ and numerous subcomponents such as the roadway wearing surface@ railings@ joints@ bearings@ girders@ bracing@ abutments@ and piers. Decisions as to the timing and the nature of maintenance and repairs to components depend not just on their deterioration rate but also interconnections among them. For example@ a deteriorated steel girder may result from chloride contaminated water leaking through poor deck expansion joints. Repair of the joints should precede or accompany the repair or replacement of the girder. Public officials@ administrators@ and bridge engineers have increasingly acknowledged the need for new analytical methods and procedures to assess the current and future conditions of bridges and determine the best possible allocation of funds among various types of bridge maintenance@ repair@ rehabilitation@ replacement@ and improvement work. The advent of BMS is a response to this need. A BMS facilitates budget and program formulation by providing a structured process based upon sound economic and engineering analysis. This process also helps to mediate among all the players that interact in bridge funding and spending decisions: professional staff@ administrators@ elected officials@ and the general public. Each state has responsibility for managing from roughly five hundred to more than twenty thousand bridges. The scope and complexity of the bridge management problem is such that guidelines are needed for state agencies regarding the development@ implementation@ and enhancement of a BMS. These guidelines are intended to inform state agencies of the essential fundamental characteristics of a BMS@ implementation options@ and reasonable expectations@ and to promote areas of uniformity in state practices and data collection. These guidelines will also be useful to regional and local agencies and to bridge and turnpike authorities.

Guidelines for Bridge Management Systems (Revision 1)

ICS: /
CCS: /
发布: 1993-01-01
实施: 2011-09-13

GB 4857.5-1992 包装运输包装件跌落试验方法

Drop test method for packaging and transportation packages

ICS: /
CCS: /
发布: 1992-02-13
实施: 1992-10-01

GB/T 710-1991 优质碳素结构钢热轧薄钢板和钢带

本标准规定了优质碳素结构钢热轧薄钢板和钢带的分类尺寸、外形、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、包装、标志和质量证明书。本标准适用于汽车、航空工业以及其他部门使用的厚度不大于4mm的优质碳素结构钢热轧薄钢板和钢带。

Hot-rolled quality carbon structural steel sheets and strips

ICS: /
CCS: /
发布: 1991-11-06
实施: 0000-00-00

GBHT-1991 建筑商硬件术语指南

A Guide to Builders Hardware Terminology

ICS: /
CCS: /
发布: 1991-07-01
实施: 2011-04-28

GB 12776-1991 车辆、机动船和火花点火发动机驱动装置点火系统无线电干扰的抑制方法和干扰抑制器插入损耗的测量方法及允许值

Methods for suppressing radio interference in ignition systems of vehicles, motor ships and spark ignition engine drives and measurement methods and allowable values for insertion loss of interference suppressors

ICS: /
CCS: /
发布: 1991-03-27
实施: 1991-12-01

GBF-1991 自行车设施建设指南（修订二）

This guide provides part of the information necessary for a safe bicycling environment. Facilities are only one of the several elements essential to a community's overall bicycle program. Bicycle safety education and training@ bicycle use encouragement@ and the application and enforcement of the Rules of the Road as they pertain to bicyclists should all be combined with facilities to form a comprehensive community approach to bicycle use. This guide provides information on facilities. Information on other elements of an overall bicycle program can be found in other publications. The provisions for bicycle travel are consistent with and similar to standard highway engineering practices. Signs@ signals@ and markings for bicycle facilities which are presented in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) should be used in conjunction with this guide. State and local specifications for the construction of roads and constructing bicycle facilities and projects.

Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities (Revision 2)