07.100.99 有关微生物学的其他标准 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7463-14 三磷酸腺苷40的标准试验方法；ATP和#41；燃料、燃料/水混合物和燃料相关水中的微生物含量

5.1 This test method measures the concentration of ATP present in the sample. ATP is a constituent of all living cells including bacteria and fungi. Consequently, the presence of ATP is a reliable indicator of microbial contamination in fuel systems. ATP is not associated with matter of non-biological origin. 5.2 This test method differs from Test Method D4012 as follows: 5.2.1 By providing for the rapid determination of ATP present in a fuel (petroleum) sample, a fuel and water mixture sample, fuel-associated bottom water sample and extracellular ATP freely available in the fuel or aqueous sample matrix; 5.2.2 By providing for a method to capture, extract and quantify ATP using self-contained test device and luminometer; 5.2.3 By providing a method of quantifying ATP present in fuel or water matrices in generally less than 10 min; and 5.2.4 By providing for the rapid separation of the ATP from chemical interferences that have previously prevented the use of ATP determinations in complex fluids containing hydrocarbons and other organic molecules. 5.3 This test method does not require the use of hazardous materials and does not generate biohazard waste. 5.4 This test method can be used to estimate viable microbial biomass, to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial pesticides, and to monitor microbial contamination in fuel storage and distribution systems. 1.1 This test method provides a protocol for capturing, extracting and quantifying the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content associated with: 1.1.1 Microorganisms found in conventional liquid fuels with kinematic viscosities (at 40°C) of ≤ 8 mm2 · s–1 as described in Table X6.1, 1.1.2 Microorganisms found in fuel-associated bottom water, and 1.1.3 Extracellular (non-cellular) ATP present in the sample matrix. 1.2 The ATP is measured using a patented bioluminescence enzyme assay, whereby light is generated in amounts proportional to the concentration of ATP in the sample. The light is produced and measured quantitatively using dedicated ATP test pens2 and a dedicated luminometer2 and reported in (instrument specific) Relative Light Units. 1.3 This test method is equally suitable for use in the laboratory or field. 1.4 Although bioluminescence is a reliable and proven method for qualifying and quantifying ATP, this method does not differentiate between ATP from different sources, for example, from different types of microorganism such as bacteria or fungi. 1.5 For water or capture solution samples, the concentration range of ATP detectable by this test method is 1 × 10–11 M to 3 × 10–8 M which is equivalent to 1 × 10–14 moles/mL to 3 × 10–11 moles/mL for water samples or capture solutio......

Standard Test Method for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Content of Microorganisms in Fuel, Fuel/Water Mixtures and Fuel Associated Water

QB/T 4577-2013 甜酒曲

本标准规定了甜酒曲的术语和定义、分类、要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、运输、贮存。本标准适用于以大米、麸皮或玉米、麸皮等原辅料,经接种根霉属、酿酒酵母等微生物,经过通风培养、干燥、包装等工艺制得的甜酒曲制品。

Rice leaven

GSO ISO 20743:2013 纺织品 抗菌加工产品抗菌活性的测定

ISO 20743:2007 specifies quantitative test methods to determine the antibacterial activity of antibacterial finished textile products including nonwovens

Textiles -- Determination of antibacterial activity of textile products

ASTM D7818-12 新鲜（未固化）皮革和蛋白质中蛋白水解细菌计数的标准测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the enumeration of bacteria that can hydrolyze protein/collagen in fresh (uncured) hides and skins. This test method is applicable to uncured hides and skins. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Enumeration of Proteolytic Bacteria in Fresh (Uncured) Hides and Skins

ASTM E2800-11 参考材料孢子悬液表征 Bacillus 的标准操作规程

Standard practices for the characterization of spores used as reference materials are important to ensure a uniform basis for testing the performance of detection devices and laboratory instruments. Bacillus spore suspensions can be used for a large variety of purposes including testing environmental sampling techniques, inactivation methods, decontamination methods and basic research. The practice is intended for both manufacturers and end users of Bacillus spore suspensions. The results of the characterization measurements are presented in a report of analysis (ROA). The ROA should provide sufficient detail about the measurement technique to enable the customers to replicate the measurements, allowing them to determine if the properties of the spore suspension changed during shipping and storage. The enumeration of the viable spores and determination of homogeneity by microscopic analysis are two basic measurements required for the minimal characterization of reference materials. Phase contrast microscopy does not require staining to distinguish the “phase bright” dormant spores from phase dark spores, dark vegetative cells and clumps. When spores germinate they appear phase dark under phase contrast imaging (5). Germinated spores in a reference sample will soon die due to lack of nutrients. It is important in storing samples to prevent the premature germination of the spores. This standard practice includes the important steps for these measurements and includes guidance for advanced measurements. Additional guidance is given for advanced techniques to characterize spore suspensions that may be used to provide a higher level of characterized Bacillus spore reference samples. The specific properties of the spores used for their intended application, such as susceptibility to disinfectant processes, should be determined in addition to the basic measurements covered in this practice. Additional information on the measurement of spore properties is located in the appendix.1.1 This practice is focused on two basic measurements to characterize Bacillus reference materials, the enumeration of spores using growth of colonies on nutrient media and using phase contrast microscopy to determine spore quality and homogeneity. Additional information on advanced methods for characterization is provided in Appendix X1. 1.2 This document will provide the user with recommendations for measurement methods, and the details and conditions that should be employed to ensure reliable and high-quality data are obtained. The practice will help ensure that results obtained from the characterization are reported in a uniform manner. This will allow others to replicate the measurements and facilitate the comparison of different lots of Bacillus spore suspensions used as reference materials. It is important to note that the Bacillus species are a heterogeneous group and their specific requirements for growth and sporulation may vary. Users of this practice are encouraged to consult the literature for specific information on the species of Bacillus bacteria they are using (1). 1.3 This standard practice does not provide guidance for the identification of unknown species of bacteria. The identification of Bacillus species has been traditionally based on colony morphology, growth on selective media, and biochemical tests, but more recently nucleic acid technologies have enabled the phylogenetic analysis of this group based on 16S DNA sequence similarities (1). 1.4 Some......

Standard Practice for Characterization of Bacillus Spore Suspensions for Reference Materials

ASTM E1963-09 陆上植物毒性试验的标准指南

Terrestrial phytotoxicity tests are useful in assessing the effects of environmental samples or specific chemicals as a part of an ecological risk assessment (3-6, 12, 13). Though inferences regarding higher-order ecological effects (population, community, or landscape) may be made from the results, these tests evaluate responses of individuals of one or more plant species to the test substance. This guide is applicable for: ( a) establishing phytotoxicity of organic and inorganic substances; (b) determining the phytotoxicity of environmental samples; (c) determining the phytotoxicity of sludges and hazardous wastes, (d) assessing the impact of discharge of toxicants to land, and (e) assessing the effectiveness of remediation efforts.1.1 This guide covers practices for conducting plant toxicity tests using terrestrial plant species to determine effects of test substances on plant growth and development. Specific test procedures are presented in accompanying annexes. 1.2 Terrestrial plants are vital components of ecological landscapes. The populations and communities of plants influence the distribution and abundance of wildlife. Obviously, plants are the central focus of agriculture, forestry, and rangelands. Toxicity tests conducted under the guidelines and annexes presented herein can provide critical information regarding the effects of chemicals on the establishment and maintenance of terrestrial plant communities. 1.3 Toxic substances that prevent or reduce seed germination can have immediate and large impacts to crops. In natural systems, many desired species may be sensitive, while other species are tolerant. Such selective pressure can result in changes in species diversity, population dynamics, and community structure that may be considered undesirable. Similarly, toxic substances may impair the growth and development of seedlings resulting in decreased plant populations, decreased competitive abilities, reduced reproductive capacity, and lowered crop yield. For the purposes of this guide, test substances include pesticides, industrial chemicals, sludges, metals or metalloids, and hazardous wastes that could be added to soil. It also includes environmental samples that may have had any of these test substances incorporated into soil. 1.4 Terrestrial plants range from annuals, capable of completing a life-cycle in as little as a few weeks, to long-lived perennials that grow and reproduce for several hundreds of years. Procedures to evaluate chemical effects on plants range from short-term measures of physiological responses (for example, chlorophyll fluorescence) to field studies of trees over several years. Research and development of standardized plant tests have emphasized three categories of tests: (1) short-term, physiological endpoints (that is, biomarkers); (2) short-term tests conducted during the early stages of plant growth with several endpoints related to survival, growth, and development; and ( 3) life-cycle toxicity tests that emphasize reproductive success. 1.5 This guide is arranged by sections as follows: SectionTitle 1Scope 2Referenced Documents 3Terminology 4Summary o......

Standard Guide for Conducting Terrestrial Plant Toxicity Tests

ASTM E1963-09(2014) 陆上植物毒性试验的标准实施指南

5.1 Terrestrial phytotoxicity tests are useful in assessing the effects of environmental samples or specific chemicals as a part of an ecological risk assessment (3-6, 12, 13). 5.2 Though inferences regarding higher-order ecological effects (population, community, or landscape) may be made from the results, these tests evaluate responses of individuals of one or more plant species to the test substance. 5.3 This guide is applicable for: (a) establishing phytotoxicity of organic and inorganic substances; (b) determining the phytotoxicity of environmental samples; (c) determining the phytotoxicity of sludges and hazardous wastes, (d) assessing the impact of discharge of toxicants to land, and (e) assessing the effectiveness of remediation efforts. 1.1 This guide covers practices for conducting plant toxicity tests using terrestrial plant species to determine effects of test substances on plant growth and development. Specific test procedures are presented in accompanying annexes. 1.2 Terrestrial plants are vital components of ecological landscapes. The populations and communities of plants influence the distribution and abundance of wildlife. Obviously, plants are the central focus of agriculture, forestry, and rangelands. Toxicity tests conducted under the guidelines and annexes presented herein can provide critical information regarding the effects of chemicals on the establishment and maintenance of terrestrial plant communities. 1.3 Toxic substances that prevent or reduce seed germination can have immediate and large impacts to crops. In natural systems, many desired species may be sensitive, while other species are tolerant. Such selective pressure can result in changes in species diversity, population dynamics, and community structure that may be considered undesirable. Similarly, toxic substances may impair the growth and development of seedlings resulting in decreased plant populations, decreased competitive abilities, reduced reproductive capacity, and lowered crop yield. For the purposes of this guide, test substances include pesticides, industrial chemicals, sludges, metals or metalloids, and hazardous wastes that could be added to soil. It also includes environmental samples that may have had any of these test substances incorporated into soil. 1.4 Terrestrial plants range from annuals, capable of completing a life-cycle in as little as a few weeks, to long-lived perennials that grow and reproduce for several hundreds of years. Procedures to evaluate chemical effects on plants range from short-term measures of physiolog......

Standard Guide for Conducting Terrestrial Plant Toxicity Tests

ASTM D7391-09 在惯性冲击样品中用光学显微镜对空气真菌结构分类和量化的标准试验方法

This test method is used to estimate and categorize the number and type of fungal structures present on an inertial impactor sample. Fungal structures are identified and quantified regardless of whether they would or would not grow in culture. It must be emphasized that the detector in this method is the analyst, and therefore results are subjective, depending on the experience, training, qualification, and mental and optical fatigue of the analyst.1.1 This test method is a procedure that uses direct microscopy to analyze the deposit on an inertial impaction sample. 1.2 This test method describes procedures for categorizing and enumerating fungal structures by morphological type. Typically, categories may be as small as genus (for example, Cladosporium) or as large as phylum (for example, basidiospores). 1.3 This method contains two procedures for enumerating fungal structures: one for slit impaction samples and one for circular impaction samples. This test method is applicable for impaction air samples, for which a known volume of air (at a rate as recommended by the manufacturer) has been drawn, and is also applicable for blank impaction samples. 1.4 Enumeration results are presented in fungal structures/sample (fs/sample) and fungal structures/m3 (fs/m3). 1.5 The range of enumeration results that can be determined with this method depends on the size of the spores on the sample trace, the amount of particulate matter on the sample trace, the percentage of the sample trace counted, and the volume of air sampled. 1.6 This method addresses only the analysis of samples. The sampling process and interpretation of results is outside the scope of this method. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Categorization and Quantification of Airborne Fungal Structures in an Inertial Impaction Sample by Optical Microscopy

DS/CEN/TR 15215-2:2007 污泥的表征 沙门氏菌属的检测和计数 在污泥、土壤、土壤改良剂、生长介质和生物废物中 第2部分：亚硒酸盐-胱氨酸介质中的液体富集方法，然后是 Rapport-Vassiliadis 半定量 M

This part of the CEN Technical Report describes a method to detect and semi-quantitatively determine Salmonellae in sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media and biowastes in accordance with the requirements of the European Sewage Sludge Regulation Revision of Directive 86/278/EEC (3rd Draft, CEN/TC 308 - doc525). The fully defined scope will be determined after the proposed validation trials have been agreed and carried out. The method has a limit of detection of approximately 1cfu/g wet weight sample.NOTE The objective is to cover untreated and treated sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media, biowastes and associated materials.

Characterization of sludges - Detection and enumeration of Salmonella spp. in sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media and biowastes - Part 2: Liquid enrichment method in selenite-cystine medium followed by Rapport-Vassiliadis for semi-quantitative M

DS/CEN/TR 15215-3:2007 污泥的表征 沙门氏菌属的检测和计数 在污泥、土壤、土壤改良剂、生长介质和生物废弃物中 第3部分：在蛋白胨-新生霉素培养基中通过液体富集然后通过 Rapport-Vassiliadis 进行存在/不存在法

This part of the CEN Technical Report specifies a presence/absence procedure to detect Salmonella spp using a four-stage presence/absence method in up to 50g (wet weight) sample. The method has a limit of detection of approximately 10 cfu/50 g wet weight sludge.NOTE The objective is to cover untreated and treated sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media and biowastes.

Characterization of sludges - Detection and enumeration of Salmonella spp. in sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media and biowastes - Part 3: Presence/absence method by liquid enrichment in peptone-novobiocin medium followed by Rapport-Vassiliadis

DS/CEN/TR 15215-1:2007 污泥的表征 沙门氏菌属的检测和计数 在污泥、土壤、土壤改良剂、生长介质和生物废物中 第1部分：用于亚致死应激细菌定量复苏的膜过滤方法（以确认效果

This part of the CEN Technical Report specifies a membrane filtration procedure for the quantitative resuscitation and enumeration, by culture of individual colonies on chromogenic agar media, of Salmonella spp. including potentially sub-lethally damaged Salmonella spp. in sewage sludges. It may be suitable for other sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media and biowastes but the user shall validate the method using these materials. The fully defined scope will be determined after the proposed validation trials have been agreed and carried out.NOTE 1 The objective is to cover untreated and treated sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media and biowas

Characterization of sludges - Detection and enumeration of Salmonella spp. in sludges, soils, soil improvers, growing media and biowastes - Part 1: Membrane filtration method for quantitative resuscitation of sub-lethally stressed bacteria (to confirm eff

DB31/ 160-2005 盒饭卫生与营养要求

Hygienic and Nutritional Requirements for Boxed Meals

ISO/FDIS 8124-12 玩具安全 第12部分：微生物安全

Safety of toys — Part 12: Microbiological safety

ISO 8124-12:2006 玩具安全 第 12 部分：微生物安全

Safety of toys — Part 12: Microbiological safety

ISO/DIS 7581 无孔表面基本杀菌活性的评价方法

Method for the evaluation of basic bactericidal activity of a non-porous surface

ASTM E1873-06 用聚合酶链式反应技术测定核酸序列的标准指南

This guide is intended for use in any laboratory utilizing PCR or RT-PCR to amplify and detect a specific nucleic acid sequence. The criteria used for evaluation of the amplification reactions should be administered by an individual trained in the use of molecular biological techniques associated with PCR.1.1 This guide covers guidelines, recommendations, basic considerations, criteria, and principles to be employed when developing, utilizing, or assessing PCR procedures and specific protocols for the amplification and detection of nucleic acid sequences. This guide is not intended to be a standard procedure with a list of requirements for PCR detection of nucleic acids. This guide is intended to provide information that will assist the user in obtaining quality and reliable data.1.2 Nucleic acid targets for PCR include DNA, as well as RNA ; RNA sequences are suitable targets for PCR following reverse transcription of the RNA to complementary DNA (cDNA). This type of amplification technique is known as reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).1.3 This guide has been developed for use in any molecular biology/biotechnology laboratory. This includes, but is not limited to, laboratories that specialize in the diagnosis of human, animal, plant, or bacterial diseases.1.4 This guide conveys the general procedural terminology of PCR technology used for the detection of nucleic acids.1.5 This guide is general; it does not cover the additional guidance that would be needed for specific applications, for example, for the PCR detection of nucleic acid sequences of specific microorganisms.1.6 This guide does not cover details of the various methods that can be utilized to identify PCR-amplified DNA sequences.1.7 This guide does not cover specific variations of the basic PCR or RT-PCR technology (for example, quantitative PCR, real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, and in situ PCR), and it does not cover details of instrument calibration.1.8 Warning-Laboratory work involving certain clinical specimens and microorganisms can be hazardous to personnel. Warning-Biosafety level 2 (or higher) facilities are recommended for biohazard work (). Safety guidelines should be adhered to in accordance with CLSI M29-A2 and other recommendations ().

Standard Guide for Detection of Nucleic Acid Sequences by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique

ASTM E2317-04 用海洋底栖桡足类进行基于酶标板的生命周期毒性试验的标准指南

1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to seawater, but not to food, on the marine copepod Amphiascus tenuiremis, during continuous exposures of individuals, from immediately after birth, until after the beginning of reproduction using a 200 956;L renewal microplate-culturing technique. The following data are checked and recorded during the test period: stage-specific survival, number of days it takes for development from a first stage nauplius to a reproductively mature copepod, gender ratios, number of days for a female to extrude first and subsequent broods, number of days between first (and subsequent) brood extrusion(s) and hatching of first-generation nauplii, number of hatched and surviving nauplii, number of unhatched or necrotic eggs and aborted unhatching eggsacs, and the total number of females able to produce viable offspring over the entire mating period. This microplate-based full life-cycle toxicity test has a duration of approximately 17 days for toxicants that do not delay development. These procedures probably will be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with other species of copepods, although modifications might be necessary.1.2 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals, either individually, or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures, that can be measured accurately at the necessary concentration in water. With appropriate modifications these procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials as aqueous effluents (see also Guide E 1192), sediment pore waters, and surface waters. Renewal microplate tests might not be applicable to materials that have a high oxygen demand, are highly volatile, are rapidly transformed (biologically or chemically) in aqueous solutions, or are removed from test solutions in substantial quantities by the test chambers or organisms during the test. If the concentration of dissolved oxygen falls below 50 % of saturation, or the concentration of test material in the test solution decreases by more than 20 % between renewals, it might be desirable to renew the solutions more often.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Conducting Renewal Microplate-Based Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests with a Marine Meiobenthic Copepod

ASTM E2315-03(2008) 用Time-Kill法评定抗菌剂活性的标准指南

This procedure may be used to assess the in vitro reduction of a microbial population of test organisms after exposure to a test material.1.1 This guide covers examples of a basic method to measure the changes of a population of aerobic microorganisms within a specified sampling time when tested against antimicrobial test materials in vitro. Several options for organism selection and growth, inoculum preparation, sampling times and temperatures are provided. When the basic technique is performed as a specific test method it is critical when evaluating the results to ensure that such variables have been standardized. Antimicrobial activity of specific materials, as measured by this technique, may vary significantly depending on variables selected. It is important to understand the limitations of in vitro tests, especially comparisons of results from tests performed under different circumstances. As an example, test results of microorganisms requiring growth supplements, or special incubation conditions, may not be directly comparable to more robust organisms under the conditions of a single procedure. 1.2 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for this test. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity Using a Time-Kill Procedure

ASTM E2048-99(2006) 用聚合酶链式反应方法探测结核分支杆菌复合物和其它病原分支杆菌的核酸的标准指南

This guide is intended for use in any laboratory utilizing PCR or RT-PCR to amplify and detect nucleic acid sequences of mycobacteria from a biological preparation and to identify the species of origin. The criteria used for the identification and evaluation of the amplification reactions should be administered by an individual trained in the use of molecular biological and microbiological techniques associated with PCR and MTB.1.1 This guide covers basic considerations, criteria, principles and recommendations that should be helpful when developing, utilizing, or assessing PCR-specific protocols for the amplification and detection or identification of mycobacterial nucleic acids. This guide is not a specific protocol for the detection of specific mycobacteria. It is intended to provide information that will assist the user in obtaining high quality and reliable data. The guide is closely related to and should be used concurrently with the general PCR Guide E 1873.1.2 This guide has been developed for use in any molecular biology or biotechnology laboratory. It may be useful for the detection of mycobacteria in clinical, diagnostic laboratories.1.3 This guide does not cover details of the various methods such as gel electrophoresis that can be utilized to help identify PCR-amplified mycobacterial nucleic acid sequences, and it does not cover details of instrument calibration.1.4 This guide does not cover specific variations of the basic PCR or RT-PCR technology (for example, quantitative PCR, multiplex PCR and in situ PCR), and it does not cover details of instrument calibration.1.5 Warning-Laboratory work involving certain clinical specimens and microorganisms can be hazardous to personnel. Precaution: Biosafety Level 2 facilities are recommended for potentially hazardous work, and Biosafety Level 3 facilities are required for propagating and manipulating Mycobacteria tuberculosis cultures (). Safety guidelines should be adhered to according to NCCLS M29-T2, I17-P and other recommendations ().

Standard Guide for Detection of Nucleic Acids of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex and Other Pathogenic Mycobacteria by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique

ASTM E1963-98 进行陆生植物毒性试验的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers practices for conducting plant toxicity tests using terrestrial plant species to determine effects of test substances on plant growth and development. Specific test procedures are presented in accompanying annexes. 1.2 Terrestrial plants are vital components of ecological landscapes. The populations and communities of plants influence the distribution and abundance of wildlife. Obviously, plants are the central focus of agriculture, forestry, and range-lands. Toxicity tests conducted under the guidelines and annexes presented herein can provide critical information regarding the effects of chemicals on the establishment and maintenance of terrestrial plant communities. 1.3 Toxic substances that prevent or reduce seed germination can have immediate and large impacts to crops. In natural systems, many desired species may be sensitive, while other species are tolerant. Such selective pressure can result in changes in species diversity, population dynamics, and community structure that may be considered undesirable. Similarly, toxic substances may impair the growth and development of seedlings resulting in decreased plant populations, decreased competitive abilities, reduced reproductive capacity, and lowered crop yield. For the purposes of this guide, test substances include pesticides, industrial chemicals, sludges, metals or metalloids, and hazardous wastes that could be added to soil. It also includes environmental samples that may have had any of these test substances incorporated into soil. 1.4 Terrestrial plants range from annuals, capable of completing a life-cycle in as little as a few weeks, to long-lived perennials that grow and reproduce for several hundreds of years. Procedures to evaluate chemical effects on plants range from short-term measures of physiological responses (for example, chlorophyll fluorescence) to field studies of trees over several years. Research and development of standardized plant tests have emphasized three categories of tests: (1) short-term, physiological endpoints (that is, biomarkers); (2) short-term tests conducted during the early stages of plant growth with several endpoints related to survival, growth, and development; and (3) life-cycle toxicity tests that emphasize reproductive success. 1.5 This guide is arranged by sections as follows: Section 1 (Scope); Section 2 (Referenced Documents); Section 3 (Terminology); Section 4 (Summary of Phytotoxicity Tests); Section 5 (Significance and Use); Section 6 (Apparatus); Section 7 (Test Material); Section 8 (Hazards); Section 9 (Test Organisms); Section 10 (Sample Handling and Storage); Section 11 (Calibration and Standardization); Section 12 (Test Conditions); Section 13 (Interference and Limitations); Section 14 (Quality Assurance and Quality Control); Section 15 (Calculations and Interpretation of Results); Section 16 (Precision and Bias) 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Guide for Conducting Terrestrial Plant Toxicity Tests