13.040.99 (Other standards related to air quality) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E2914-14 复合擦拭样品中铅超声萃取的标准实施规程

5.1 This practice is for use in the preparation of no more than four wipe samples combined to form a composited sample for subsequent determination of lead content. 5.2 This practice assumes use of wipes that meet Specification E1792 and should not be used unless the wipes meet Specification E1792. 5.3 This practice is capable of preparing samples for determination of lead bound within paint dust. 5.4 This practice may not be capable of preparing samples for determination of lead bound within silica or silicate matrices, or within matrices not soluble in nitric acid. 5.5 Adjustment of the nitric acid concentration or acid strength, or both, of the final extract solution may be necessary for compatibility with the instrumental analysis method to be used for lead quantification. 5.6 This sample preparation practice has not been validated for use and must be validated by the user prior to using the practice for client samples.Note 2—Each combination of wipes (two wipes, three wipes, and four wipes) constitutes a different matrix and must be separately validated. 1.1 This practice covers the extraction of lead (Pb) using ultrasonication, heat and nitric acid from a composited sample of up to four individual wipe samples of settled dust collected from the same space. 1.2 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements of the practice. 1.3 This practice should be used by analysts experienced in digestion techniques such as hot blocks. Like all procedures used in an analytical laboratory, this practice needs to be validated for use and shown to produce acceptable results before being applied to client samples. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4.1 Exception—Inch-pound units are provided in Note 6 and Note 8 for information. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Extraction of Lead from Composited Wipe Samples

ASTM E2913-14 复合擦拭样品中铅热板消化的标准实施规程

5.1 This practice is for use in the preparation of no more than four wipe samples combined to form a composited sample for subsequent determination of lead content. 5.2 This practice assumes use of wipes that meet Specification E1792 and should not be used unless the wipes meet Specification E1792. 5.3 This practice is capable of preparing samples for determination of lead bound within paint dust. 5.4 This practice may not be capable of preparing samples for determination of lead bound within silica or silicate matrices, or within matrices not soluble in nitric acid. 5.5 Adjustment of the nitric acid concentration or acid strength, or both, of the final extract solution may be necessary for compatibility with the instrumental analysis method to be used for lead quantification. 5.6 This sample preparation practice has not been validated for use and must be validated by the user prior to using the practice for client samples.Note 2—Each combination of wipes (two wipes, three wipes, and four wipes) constitutes a different matrix and must be separately validated. 1.1 This practice is similar to Practice E1644 and covers the hot, nitric acid digestion of lead (Pb) from a composited sample of up to four individual wipe samples of settled dust collected from the same space. 1.2 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements of the practice. 1.3 This practice should be used by analysts experienced in digestion techniques such as hot blocks. Like all procedures used in an analytical laboratory, this practice needs to be validated for use and shown to produce acceptable results before being applied to client samples. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4.1 Exception—Inch-pound units are provided in Note 7 and Note 9 for information. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Hotplate Digestion of Lead from Composited Wipe Samples

ASTM D6602-13 炭黑的可能易排放物或其他环境颗粒状物或二者都包括的取样和试验的标准实施规范

5.1 There are a variety of darkening agents that contribute to air and surface contamination in industrial, urban and rural environments. Biofilms (fungal and algal), soil minerals, plant fragments, rubber fragments, metal corrosion and soot are common darkening agents. Soot is formed as an unwanted by-product of combustion and consequently varies widely with the type of fuel and combustion conditions. Carbon black, on the other hand, is purposely produced under a controlled set of conditions. Therefore, it is important to be able to distinguish carbon black from soot, as well as other environmental contaminants. 1.1 This practice covers sampling and testing for distinguishing ASTM type carbon black, in the N100 to N900 series, from other environmental particulates. 1.2 This practice requires some degree of expertise on the part of the microscopist. For this reason, the microscopist must have adequate training and on-the-job experience in identifying the morphological parameters of carbon black and general knowledge of other particles that may be found in the environment. In support of this analysis, Donnet's book2 is highly recommended to be used as a technical reference for recognizing and understanding the microstructure of carbon black. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both

ASTM D6331-13 低浓度下来源于固定源的颗粒物质质量测定的标准试验方法 (手工重量计法)

5.1 The measurement of particulate matter and collected residue emission rates is an important test method widely used in the practice of air pollution control. Particulate matter measurements after control devices are necessary to determine total emission rates into the atmosphere. 5.1.1 These measurements, when approved by federal or state agencies, are often required for the purpose of determining compliance with regulations and statutes. 5.1.2 The measurements made before and after control devices are often necessary to demonstrate conformance with contractual performance specifications. 5.2 The collected residue obtained with this test method is also important in characterizing stack emissions. However, the utility of these data is limited unless a chemical analysis of the collected residue is performed. 5.3 These measurements also can be used to calibrate continuous particulate emission monitoring systems by correlating the output of the monitoring instruments with the data obtained by using this test method. 5.3.1 This test method is useful in such correlation applications when emissions are less than 20 mg/m3. 5.3.2 The correlation test method is most valid when the monitoring instrumentation samples the particulate matter under the same test conditions as this test method. 1.1 This test method2 covers a method for the measurement of particulate matter (dust) concentration in emission gases in the concentrations below 20 mg/m3 standard conditions, with special emphasis around 5 mg/m3. 1.2 To meet the requirements of this test method, the particulate sample is weighed to a specified level of accuracy. At low dust concentrations, this is achieved by: 1.2.1 Exercising extreme care in weighing, 1.2.2 Extending the sampling time at conventional sampling rates, or 1.2.3 Sampling at higher rates at conventional sampling times (high-volume sampling). 1.3 This test method differs from Test Method D3685/D3685M by requiring the mass measurement of filter blanks, specifying weighing procedures, and requiring monitoring of the flue gas flow variability over the testing period. It requires that the particulate matter collected on the sample filter have a mass at least five times a positive mass difference on the filter blank. High volume sampling techniques or an extension of the sampling time may be employed to satisfy this requirement. 1.4 This test method may be used for calibration of automated monitoring systems (AMS). If the emission gas contains unstable, reactive, or semi-volatile substances, the measurement will depend on the filtration temperature, and ......

Standard Test Method for Determination of Mass Concentration of Particulate Matter from Stationary Sources at Low Concentrations (Manual Gravimetric Method)

ASTM D6332-12 一氧化碳测量器对气体和蒸气测量的动态响应的试验系统的标准指南

This guide provides information on testing systems and their components used for measuring responses of CO alarms or detectors subjected to gases, vapors, and their mixtures. Components of a testing system include a chamber, clean air supply module, humidification module, gas and vapor delivery module, and verification and control instrumentation. The CO detector is tested by sequential exposure to CO and interference gases at the specified challenge concentrations. A properly functioning alarm/detector will sound upon sufficient exposure to CO but will not sound upon any exposure to interference gases consistent with applicable standards (for example, IAS 6-96 (1) , UL 2034). 1.1 This guide describes testing systems used for measuring responses of carbon monoxide (CO) alarms or detectors subjected to gases, vapors, and their mixtures. 1.2 The systems are used to evaluate responses of CO detectors to various CO concentrations, to verify that the detectors alarm at certain specified CO concentrations, and to verify that CO detectors do not alarm at certain other specified CO concentrations. 1.3 The systems are used for evaluating CO detector responses to gases and vapors that may interfere with the ability of detectors to respond to CO. 1.4 Major components of such a testing system include a chamber, clean air supply module, humidification module, gas and vapor delivery module, and verification and control instrumentation. 1.5 For each component, this guide provides a comparison of different approaches and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. 1.6 The guide also presents recommendations for a minimum configuration of a testing system. 1.7 Units8212;The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific safety precautionary information, see 6.2.

Standard Guide for Testing Systems for Measuring Dynamic Responses of Carbon Monoxide Detectors to Gases and Vapors

ASTM C1304-08(2013) 隔热材料散发气味评定的标准试验方法

3.1 Thermal insulating materials that produce objectionable odors could cause discomfort to persons occupying a structure insulated with such materials. Therefore, an examination to determine the odor potential of a particular insulation is desirable. 1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for subjective determination of the existence, nature, and degree of odors present in all types of thermal insulation materials. This test method is not intended to evaluate the air quality aspects that any such odors may present. 1.2 The standard test condition for material evaluated under this test method is 149 ± 1.8°F (65 ± 1°C). Standard specifications referencing this test method may require other test conditions. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Assessing the Odor Emission of Thermal Insulation Materials

ASTM C1304-08 隔热材料散发气味评定的标准试验方法

Thermal insulating materials that produce objectionable odors could cause discomfort to persons occupying a structure insulated with such materials. Therefore, an examination to determine the odor potential of a particular insulation is desirable.1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for subjective determination of the existence, nature, and degree of odors present in all types of thermal insulation materials. This test method is not intended to evaluate the air quality aspects that any such odors may present. 1.2 The standard test condition for material evaluated under this test method is 149 ± 1.8°F (65 ± 1°C). Standard specifications referencing this test method may require other test conditions. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

Standard Test Method for Assessing the Odor Emission of Thermal Insulation Materials

ASTM D6620-06 以计数为基础的石棉检测极限用标准实施规程

The DL concept addresses potential measurement interpretation errors. It is used to control the likelihood of reporting a positive finding of asbestos when the measured asbestos level cannot clearly be differentiated from the background contamination level. Specifically, a measurement is reported as being “below the DL” if the measured level is not statistically different than the background level. The DL, along with other measurement characteristics such as bias and precision, is used when selecting a measurement method for a particular application. The DL should be established either at the method development stage or prior to a specific application of the method. The method developer subsequently would advertise the method as having a certain DL. An analyst planning to collect and analyze samples would, if alternative measurement methods were available, want to select a measurement method with a DL that was appropriate for the intended application.5 The most important use of the DL, therefore, takes place at the planning stage of a study, before samples are collected and analyzed.1.1 This practice presents the procedure for determining the detection limit (DL) for measurements of fibers or structures using microscopy methods.1.2 This practice applies to samples of air that are analyzed either by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and samples of dust that are analyzed by TEM.1.3 The microscopy methods entail counting asbestos structures and reporting the results as structures per cubic centimeter of air (str/cc) or fibers per cubic centimeter of air (f/cc) for air samples and structures per square centimeter of surface area (str/cm2) for dust samples.

Standard Practice for Asbestos Detection Limit Based on Counts

ASTM D6552-06 控制和表征称量聚集的悬浮颗粒的误差的标准规程

The weighing of collected aerosol is one of the most common and purportedly simple analytical procedures in both occupational and environmental atmospheric monitoring (for example, Test Method D 4532 or D 4096). Problems with measurement accuracy occur when the amount of material collected is small, owing both to balance inaccuracy and variation in the weight of that part of the sampling medium that is weighed along with the sample. The procedures presented here for controlling and documenting such analytical errors will help provide the accuracy required for making well-founded decisions in identifying, characterizing, and controlling hazardous conditions. Recommendations are given as to materials to be used. Means of controlling or correcting errors arising from instability are provided. Recommendations as to the weighing procedure are given. Finally, a method evaluation procedure for estimating weighing errors is described. Recommendations are also provided for the reporting of weights relative to LOD (see 3.2.6) and LOQ (see 3.2.7). The quantities, LOD and LOQ, are computed as a result of the method evaluation.1.1 Assessment of airborne aerosol hazards in the occupational setting entails sampling onto a collection medium followed by analysis of the collected material. The result is generally an estimated concentration of a possibly hazardous material in the air. The uncertainty in such estimates depends on several factors, one of which relates to the specific type of analysis employed. The most commonly applied method for analysis of aerosols is the weighing of the sampled material. Gravimetric analysis, though apparently simple, is subject to errors from instability in the mass of the sampling medium and other elements that must be weighed. An example is provided by aerosol samplers designed to collect particles so as to agree with the inhalable aerosol sampling convention (see ISO TR 7708, Guide D 6062M, and EN 481). For some sampler types, filter and cassette are weighed together to make estimates. Therefore, if the cassette, for example, absorbs or loses water between the weighings required for a concentration estimation, then errors may arise. This practice covers such potential errors and provides solutions for their minimization.1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Controlling and Characterizing Errors in Weighing Collected Aerosols

ASTM D6552-06(2011) 控制并表示在称量所采集的气溶胶中出现的误差的标准操作规程

The weighing of collected aerosol is one of the most common and purportedly simple analytical procedures in both occupational and environmental atmospheric monitoring (for example, Test Method D4532 or D4096). Problems with measurement accuracy occur when the amount of material collected is small, owing both to balance inaccuracy and variation in the weight of that part of the sampling medium that is weighed along with the sample. The procedures presented here for controlling and documenting such analytical errors will help provide the accuracy required for making well-founded decisions in identifying, characterizing, and controlling hazardous conditions. Recommendations are given as to materials to be used. Means of controlling or correcting errors arising from instability are provided. Recommendations as to the weighing procedure are given. Finally, a method evaluation procedure for estimating weighing errors is described. Recommendations are also provided for the reporting of weights relative to LOD (see 3.2.6) and LOQ (see 3.2.7). The quantities, LOD and LOQ, are computed as a result of the method evaluation.1.1 Assessment of airborne aerosol hazards in the occupational setting entails sampling onto a collection medium followed by analysis of the collected material. The result is generally an estimated concentration of a possibly hazardous material in the air. The uncertainty in such estimates depends on several factors, one of which relates to the specific type of analysis employed. The most commonly applied method for analysis of aerosols is the weighing of the sampled material. Gravimetric analysis, though apparently simple, is subject to errors from instability in the mass of the sampling medium and other elements that must be weighed. An example is provided by aerosol samplers designed to collect particles so as to agree with the inhalable aerosol sampling convention (see ISO TR 7708, Guide D6062, and EN 481). For some sampler types, filter and cassette are weighed together to make estimates. Therefore, if the cassette, for example, absorbs or loses water between the weighings required for a concentration estimation, then errors may arise. This practice covers such potential errors and provides solutions for their minimization. 1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Controlling and Characterizing Errors in Weighing Collected Aerosols

ASTM E1644-04(2012)e1 测定铅含量用除尘样品的热板溶解标准操作规程

This practice is intended for the digestion of lead in dust wipe samples collected during various lead hazard activities performed in and around buildings and related structures. This practice is also intended for the digestion of lead in dust wipe samples collected during and after building renovations. This practice is applicable to the digestion of dust wipe samples that have or have not been collected in accordance with Practice E1728 using wipes that may or may not conform to Specification E1792. This practice is applicable to the digestion of dust wipe samples that were placed in either hard-walled, rigid containers such as 50-mL centrifuge tubes or flexible plastic bags. Note 28212;Due to the difficulty in performing quantitative transfers of some samples from plastic bags, hard-walled rigid containers such as 50-mL plastic centrifuge tubes are recommended for sample collection. Digestates prepared according to this practice are intended to be analyzed for lead concentration using spectrometric techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) (see Test Method E1613), or using electrochemical techniques such as anodic stripping voltammetry (see Practice E2051). This practice is not capable of determining lead bound within matrices, such as silica, that are not soluble in nitric acid. This practice is capable of determining lead bound within paint.1.1 This practice covers the acid digestion of surface dust samples (collected using wipe sampling practices) and associated quality control (QC) samples for the determination of lead. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements of the standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe Samples for the Determination of Lead

ASTM E1644-04 测定铅含量用除尘样品的热板溶解标准规程

This practice is intended for the digestion of lead in dust wipe samples collected during various lead hazard activities performed in and around buildings and related structures. This practice is also intended for the digestion of lead in dust wipe samples collected during and after building renovations. This practice is applicable to the digestion of dust wipe samples that have or have not been collected in accordance with Practice E 1728 using wipes that may or may not conform to Specification E 1792. This practice is applicable to the digestion of dust wipe samples that were placed in either hard-walled, rigid containers such as 50-mL centrifuge tubes or flexible plastic bags. Note 28212;Due to the difficulty in performing quantitative transfers of some samples from plastic bags, hard-walled rigid containers such as 50-mL plastic centrifuge tubes are recommended for sample collection. Digestates prepared according to this practice are intended to be analyzed for lead concentration using spectrometric techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS) (see Test Method E 1613), or using electrochemical techniques such as anodic stripping voltammetry (see Practice E 2051). This practice is not capable of determining lead bound within matrices, such as silica, that are not soluble in nitric acid. This practice is capable of determining lead bound within paint.1.1 This practice covers the acid digestion of surface dust samples (collected using wipe sampling practices) and associated quality control (QC) samples for the determination of lead.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Hot Plate Digestion of Dust Wipe Samples for the Determination of Lead

ASTM E1972-04 在湿金属切削环境中使气溶胶影响最小化的标准实施规程

Use of this practice will minimize occupational exposure to aerosols in the wet metal removal environment. Excessive exposures to metal removal fluid aerosols are associated with machinist complaints of respiratory irritation. Through implementation of this practice and incorporation of a metal removal fluid management program, appropriate product selection, appropriate machine tool design, selection, and maintenance, and control of microorganisms, users should be able to minimize complaints of machinist respiratory irritation.1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines for minimizing effects of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment. 1.2 This practice incorporates all practical means and mechanisms to minimize aerosol generation and to control effects of aerosols in the wet metal removal environment. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Minimizing Effects of Aerosols in the Wet Metal Removal Environment

ASTM D6399-04 飞行器舱中测量空气质量的方法和仪器选择的标准指南

This guide may be used to identify instruments and methods for measuring air quality in aircraft cabins. Such measurements may be undertaken to: 5.1.1 Conduct monitoring surveys to characterize the aircraft cabin environment and to assess environmental conditions. Results of such measurements could then be compared with relevant standards or guidelines for assessment of health and comfort of passengers and flight attendants. 5.1.2 Investigate passenger and flight attendant complaints; or 5.1.3 Measure and compare the performance of new materials and systems for the aircraft cabin environment.1.1 This guide covers information and guidance for the selection of instrumentation and test methods for measuring air quality in aircraft passenger cabins as well as in areas limited to flightcrew access.1.2 This guide assumes that a list of pollutants to be measured, or analytes of interest, which are present, or may be present, in aircraft cabins is available. 1.3 This guide provides information and guidance to identify levels of concern pertaining to public and occupational exposures to relevant air pollutants. This guide does not address levels of concern, if any, related to degradation of materials or aircraft components because of the presence of air pollutants.1.4 Based on levels of concern for public and occupational exposures for each pollutant of interest, this guide provides recommendations for developing three aspects of data quality objectives ( a) detection limit; (b) precision; and (c) bias. 1.5 This guide summarizes information on technologies for measurement of different groups or classes of air pollutants to provide a basis for selection of instruments and methods. The guide also identifies information resources on types of available measurement systems. 1.6 This guide provides general recommendations for selection of instruments and methods. These recommendations are based on concepts associated with data quality objectives discussed in this guide and the information on available instruments and methods summarized in this guide. 1.7 This guide is specific to chemical contaminants and does not address bioaerosols, which may be present in the cabin environment.1.8 This guide does not provide details on use or operation of instruments or methods for the measurement of cabin air quality. 1.9 This guide does not provide information on the design of a monitoring strategy, including issues such as frequency of measurement or placement of samplers. 1.10 Users of this guide should be familiar with, or have access to, individuals who have a background in (a) use of instruments and methods for measurement of air pollutants and (b) principles of toxicology and health-effects of environmental exposure to air pollutants. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Selecting Instruments and Methods for Measuring Air Quality In Aircraft Cabins

ASTM D6602-03b(2010)e1 炭黑的可能易排放物或其他环境颗粒状物或二者都包括的取样和试验的标准实施规范

Particulate emissions are major contributors to air contamination in industrial and urban environments. Soot is formed as an unwanted by-product of combustion and consequently varies widely with the type of fuel and combustion conditions. Carbon black, on the other hand, is purposely produced under a controlled set of conditions. Therefore, it is important to be able to distinguish carbon black from soot, as well as other environmental contaminants.1.1 This practice covers sampling and testing for distinguishing ASTM type carbon black, in the N100 to N900 series, from other environmental particulates. 1.2 This practice requires some degree of expertise on the part of the microscopist. For this reason, the microscopist must have adequate training and substantial on-the-job experience in identifying the morphological parameters of carbon black. In support of this analysis, Donnet's book is highly recommended to be used as a technical reference for recognizing and understanding the microstructure of carbon black. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both

ASTM D6602-03 碳黑的易排放物和/或其他环境颗粒状物的抽样和检验标准实施规范

1.1 This practice covers sampling and testing for distinguishing carbon black from other environmental particulates.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This practice requires some degree of expertise on the part of the microscopist. For this reason, the microscopist must have adequate training and substantial one-the-job experience in identifying the morphological parameters of carbon black.

Standard Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both

ASTM D6602-02 抽样和检验碳黑的易排放物和/或其他环境颗粒状物的标准实时规程

1.1 This practice covers sampling and testing for distinguishing carbon black from other environmental particulates.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This practice requires some degree of expertise on the part of the microscopist. For this reason, the microscopist must have adequate training and substantial one-the-job experience in identifying the morphological parameters of carbon black.

Standard Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both

ASTM D6061-01(2012)e1 可呼吸的气雾剂样品性能评价的标准实施规程

This practice is significant for determining performance relative to ideal sampling conventions. The purposes are multifold: The conventions have a recognized tie to health effects and can easily be adjusted to accommodate new findings. Performance criteria permit instrument designers to seek practical sampler improvements. Performance criteria promote continued experimental testing of the samplers in use with the result that the significant variables (such as wind speed, particle charge, etc.) affecting sampler operation become understood. One specific use of the performance tests is in determining the efficacy of a given candidate sampler for application in regulatory sampling. The accuracy of the candidate sampler is measured in accordance with the evaluation tests given here. A sampler may then be adopted for a specific application if the accuracy is better than a specific value. 5.2.1 Discussion151;In some instances, a sampler so selected for use in compliance determinations is specified within an exposure standard. This is done so as to eliminate differences among similar samplers. Sampler specification then replaces the respirable sampling convention, eliminating bias (3.2.10), which then does not appear in the uncertainty budget. Although the criteria are presented in terms of accepted sampling conventions geared mainly to compliance sampling, other applications exist as well. For example, suppose that a specific aerosol diameter-dependent health effect is under investigation. Then for the purpose of an epidemiological study an aerosol sampler that reflects the diameter dependence of interest is required. Sampler accuracy may then be determined relative to a modified sampling convention.1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the performance of personal samplers of non-fibrous respirable aerosol. The samplers are assessed relative to a specific respirable sampling convention. The convention is one of several that identify specific particle size fractions for assessing health effects of airborne particles. When a health effects assessment has been based on a specific convention it is appropriate to use that same convention for setting permissible exposure limits in the workplace and ambient environment and for monitoring compliance. The conventions, which define inhalable, thoracic, and respirable aerosol sampler ideals, have now been adopted by the International Standards Organization (ISO 7708), the Comit?/span> Europ?/span>en de Normalisation (CEN Standard EN 481), and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH, Ref (1)), developed (2) in part from health-effects studies reviewed in Ref (3) and in part as a compromise between definitions proposed in Refs (3,4). 1.2 This practice is complementary to Test Method D4532, which specifies a particular instrument, the 10-mm cyclone. The sampler evaluation procedures presented in this practice have been applied in the testing of the 10-mm cyclone as well as the Higgins-Dewell cyclone. , Details on the evaluation have been published (5-7) and can be incorporated into revisions of Test Method D4532. 1.3 A central aim of this practice is to provide information required for characterizing the uncertainty of concentration estimates from samples taken by candidate samplers. For this purpose, sampling accuracy data from the performance tests given here can be combined with information as to analytical and sampling pump uncertainty obtained ......

Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Respirable Aerosol Samplers

ASTM D6061-01(2007)e1 可呼吸的气雾剂样品性能评价的标准操作规程

This practice is significant for determining performance relative to ideal sampling conventions. The purposes are multifold: 5.1.1 The conventions have a recognized tie to health effects and can easily be adjusted to accommodate new findings. 5.1.2 Performance criteria permit instrument designers to seek practical sampler improvements. 5.1.3 Performance criteria promote continued experimental testing of the samplers in use with the result that the significant variables (such as wind speed, particle charge, etc.) affecting sampler operation become understood. One specific use of the performance tests is in determining the efficacy of a given candidate sampler for application in regulatory sampling. The accuracy of the candidate sampler is measured in accordance with the evaluation tests given here. A sampler may then be adopted for a specific application if the accuracy is better than a specific value. 5.2.1 Discussion151;In some instances, a sampler so selected for use in compliance determinations is specified within an exposure standard. This is done so as to eliminate differences among similar samplers. Sampler specification then replaces the respirable sampling convention, eliminating bias (3.2.10), which then does not appear in the uncertainty budget. Although the criteria are presented in terms of accepted sampling conventions geared mainly to compliance sampling, other applications exist as well. For example, suppose that a specific aerosol diameter-dependent health effect is under investigation. Then for the purpose of an epidemiological study an aerosol sampler that reflects the diameter dependence of interest is required. Sampler accuracy may then be determined relative to a modified sampling convention.1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the performance of personal samplers of non-fibrous respirable aerosol. The samplers are assessed relative to a specific respirable sampling convention. The convention is one of several that identify specific particle size fractions for assessing health effects of airborne particles. When a health effects assessment has been based on a specific convention it is appropriate to use that same convention for setting permissible exposure limits in the workplace and ambient environment and for monitoring compliance. The conventions, which define inhalable, thoracic, and respirable aerosol sampler ideals, have now been adopted by the International Standards Organization (Technical Report ISO TR 7708), the Comit Europen de Normalisation (CEN Standard EN 481), and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH, Ref (1)), developed (2) in part from health-effects studies reviewed in Ref (3) and in part as a compromise between definitions proposed in Refs (3,4).1.2 This practice is complimentary to Test Method D 4532, which specifies a particular instrument, the 10-mm cyclone. The sampler evaluation procedures presented in this practice have been applied in the testing of the 10-mm cyclone as well as the Higgins-Dewell cyclone., Details on the evaluation have been recently published (5-7) and can be incorporated into revisions of Test Method D 4532.1.3 A central aim of this practice is to provide information required for characterizing the uncertainty of concentration estimates from samples taken by candidate samplers. For this purpose, sampling accuracy data from the performance tests given here can be combined with information as to analytical and sampling pump uncertainty obtained externally. The practice applies principles of ISO GUM, expanded to cover situations common in occupational hygiene measurement, where the measurand varies markedly in both time and space. A general approach (

Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Respirable Aerosol Samplers

ASTM D6061-01 可呼吸的气雾剂样品性能评价的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the performance of personal samplers of non-fibrous respirable aerosol. The samplers are assessed relative to a specific respirable sampling convention. The convention is one of several that identify specific particle size fractions for assessing health effects of airborne particles. When a health effects assessment has been based on a specific convention it is appropriate to use that same convention for setting permissible exposure limits in the workplace and ambient environment and for monitoring compliance. The conventions, which define inhalable, thoracic, and respirable aerosol sampler ideals, have now been adopted by the International Standards Organization (Technical Report ISO TR 7708), the Comit Europen de Normalisation (CEN Standard EN 481), and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH, Ref (1)), developed (2) in part from health-effects studies reviewed in Ref (3) and in part as a compromise between definitions proposed in Refs (3,4).1.2 This practice is complimentary to Test Method D 4532, which specifies a particular instrument, the 10-mm cyclone. The sampler evaluation procedures presented in this practice have been applied in the testing of the 10-mm cyclone as well as the Higgins-Dewell cyclone.3,4 Details on the evaluation have been recently published (5-7) and can be incorporated into revisions of Test Method D 4532. 1.3 A central aim of this practice is to provide information required for characterizing the uncertainty of concentration estimates from samples taken by candidate samplers. For this purpose, sampling accuracy data from the performance tests given here can be combined with information as to analytical and sampling pump uncertainty obtained externally. The practice applies principles of ISO GUM, expanded to cover situations common in occupational hygiene measurement, where the measurand varies markedly in both time and space. A general approach (8) for dealing with this situation relates to the theory of tolerance intervals and may be summarized as follows: Sampling/analytical methods undergo extensive evaluations and are subsequently applied without re-evaluation at each measurement, while taking precautions (for example, through a quality assurance program) that the method remains stable. Measurement uncertainty is then characterized by specifying the evaluation confidence (for example, 95 %) that confidence intervals determined by measurements bracket measurand values at better than a given rate (for example, 95 %). Moreover, the systematic difference between candidate and idealized aerosol samplers can be expressed as a relative bias, which has proven to be a useful concept and is included in the specification of accuracy (3.2.9-3.2.10).1.4 Units of the International System of Units (SI) are used throughout this practice and should be regarded as standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Evaluating the Performance of Respirable Aerosol Samplers