13.230 防爆 标准查询与下载

ASTM E2677-20 估算感兴趣的爆炸物和药物用痕量探测器探测极限的标准试验方法

1.1 In harmony with the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM) and detection concepts of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) (1, 2)2 , this test method uses a series of replicated measurements of an analyte at dosage levels giving instrumental responses that bracket the critical value, a truncated normal distribution model, and confidence bounds to establish a standard for estimating practical and statistically robust limits of detection. NOTE 1—Other standards are available that evaluate the general performance of detection technologies for various analytes in complex matrices (for example, Practice E2520). 1.2 Here, the limit of detection (LOD90) for a compound is defined to be the lowest mass of that compound deposited on a sampling swab for which there is 90 % confidence that a single measurement in a particular trace detector will have a true detection probability of at least 90 % and a true nondetection probability of at least 90 % when measuring a process blank sample. 1.3 This particular test method was chosen on the basis of reliability, practicability, and comprehensiveness across tested trace detectors, analytes, and deployment conditions. The calculations involved in this test method are published elsewhere (3), and are performed through an interactive web-based calculator available on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) site: https://www-s.nist.gov/loda. 1.4 Intended Users—Trace detector developers and manufacturers, vendors, testing laboratories, and agencies responsible for public safety and enabling effective deterrents to terrorism. 1.5 While this test method may be applied to any detection technology that produces numerical output, the method is especially applicable to measurement systems influenced by heterogeneous error sources that lead to non-linear and heteroskedastic dose/response relationships and truncated or censored response distributions at low analyte levels. The procedures have been tested using explosive and drug compounds in trace detectors based on ion mobility spectrometry, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry (4). Compounds are deposited as liquid solutions on swabs and dried before use. Background interferences introduced to the test samples were representative of a variety of conditions expected during deployment, but these conditions were not intended as comprehensive in representing all possible scenarios. The user should be aware of the possibility that untested scenarios may lead to failure in the estimation of a reliable LOD90 value. 1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 on Hazards. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Estimating Limits of Detection in Trace Detectors for Explosives and Drugs of Interest

ASTM E1226-19 尘云爆炸性的标准试验方法

1.1 Purpose. The purpose of this test method is to provide standard test methods for characterizing the “explosibility” of dust clouds in two ways, first by determining if a dust is “explosible,” meaning a cloud of dust dispersed in air is capable of propagating a deflagration, which could cause a flash fire or explosion; or, if explosible, determining the degree of “explosibility,” meaning the potential explosion hazard of a dust cloud as characterized by the dust explosibility parameters, maximum explosion pressure, Pmax; maximum rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt)max; and explosibility index, KSt. 1.2 Limitations. Results obtained by the application of the methods of this standard pertain only to certain combustion characteristics of dispersed dust clouds. No inference should be drawn from such results relating to the combustion characteristics of dusts in other forms or conditions (for example, ignition temperature or spark ignition energy of dust clouds, ignition properties of dust layers on hot surfaces, ignition of bulk dust in heated environments, etc.) 1.3 Use. It is intended that results obtained by application of this test be used as elements of a dust hazard analysis (DHA) that takes into account other pertinent risk factors; and in the specification of explosion prevention systems (see, for example NFPA 68, NFPA 69, and NFPA 652) when used in conjunction with approved or recognized design methods by those skilled in the art. NOTE 1—Historically, the evaluation of the deflagration parameters of maximum pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise has been performed using a 1.2-L Hartmann Apparatus. Test Method E789, which describes this method, has been withdrawn. The use of data obtained from the test method in the design of explosion protection systems is not recommended. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Explosibility of Dust Clouds

BS EN 1127-1:2019 爆炸性气氛 防爆与防护-基本概念和方法

What is BS EN 1127 ‑ 1 - Explosive atmospheres about?   BS EN 1127 ‑ 1 is an international standard that includes various safety aspects for explosive atmosphere.    BS EN 1127 ‑ 1 specifies methods for the identification and assessment of hazardous situations leading to explosion and the design and construction measures appropriate for the required safety. This is achieved by risk assessment and risk reduction  

Explosive atmospheres. Explosion prevention and protection - Basic concepts and methodology

ASTM E1231-19 热不稳定材料的危险潜在数值计算标准做法

1.1 This practice covers the calculation of hazard potential figures of merit for exothermic reactions, including: (1) Time-to-thermal-runaway, (2) Time-to-maximum-rate, (3) Critical half thickness, (4) Critical temperature, (5) Adiabatic decomposition temperature rise, (6) Explosion potential, (7) Shock sensitivity, (8) Instantaneous power density, and (9) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) instability rating. 1.2 The kinetic parameters needed in this calculation may be obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves by methods described in other documents. 1.3 This technique is the best applicable to simple, single reactions whose behavior can be described by the Arrhenius equation and the general rate law. For reactions which do not meet these conditions, this technique may, with caution, serve as an approximation. 1.4 The calculations and results of this practice might be used to estimate the relative degree of hazard for experimental and research quantities of thermally unstable materials for which little experience and few data are available. Comparable calculations and results performed with data developed for well characterized materials in identical equipment, environment, and geometry are key to the ability to estimate relative hazard. 1.5 The figures of merit calculated as described in this practice are intended to be used only as a guide for the estimation of the relative thermal hazard potential of a system (materials, container, and surroundings). They are not intended to predict actual thermokinetic performance. The calculated errors for these parameters are an intimate part of this practice and must be provided to stress this. It is strongly recommended that those using the data provided by this practice seek the consultation of qualified personnel for proper interpretation. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Calculation of Hazard Potential Figures of Merit for Thermally Unstable Materials

EN 1127-1:2019 爆炸性环境.防爆和防护.第1部分:基本概念和方法

This document specifies methods for the identification and assessment of hazardous situations leading to explosion and the design and construction measures appropriate for the required safety. This is achieved by: - risk assessment; - risk reduction. The safety of equipment, protective systems and components can be achieved by eliminating hazards and/or limiting the risk, i.e. by: a) appropriate design (without using safeguarding); b) safeguarding; c) information for use; d) any other preventive measures. Measures in accordance with a) (prevention) and b) (protection) against explosions are dealt with in Clause 6, measures according to c) against explosions are dealt with in Clause 7. Measures in accordance with d) are not specified in this document. They are dealt with in EN ISO 12100:2010, Clause 6. The preventive and protective measures described in this document will not provide the required level of safety unless the equipment, protective systems and components are operated within their intended use and are installed and maintained according to the relevant codes of practice or requirements. This document specifies general design and construction methods to help designers and manufacturers in achieving explosion safety in the design of equipment, protective systems and components. This document is applicable to any equipment, protective systems and components intended to be used in potentially explosive atmospheres, under atmospheric conditions. These atmospheres can arise from flammable/combustible substances processed, used or released by the equipment, protective systems and components or from materials in the vicinity of the equipment, protective systems and components and/or from the materials of construction of the equipment, protective systems and components. This document is applicable to equipment, protective systems and components at all stages of its use. This document is only applicable to equipment group II which is intended for use in other places than underground parts of mines and those parts of surface installations of such mines endangered by firedamp and/or combustible dust. This document is not applicable to: 1) medical devices intended for use in a medical environment; 2) equipment, protective systems and components where the explosion hazard results exclusively from the presence of explosive substances or unstable chemical substances; 3) equipment, protective systems and components where the explosion can occur by reaction of substances with other oxidizers than atmospheric oxygen or by other hazardous reactions or by other than atmospheric conditions; 4) equipment intended for use in domestic and non-commercial environments where potentially explosive atmospheres may only rarely be created, solely as a result of the accidental leakage of fuel gas; 5) personal protective equipment covered by Regulation (EU) 2016/425; 6) seagoing vessels and mobile offshore units together with equipment on board such vessels or units; 7) means of transport, i.e. vehicles and their trailers intended solely for transporting passengers by air or by road, rail or water networks, as well as means of transport insofar as such means are designed for transporting goods by air, by public road or rail networks or by water; vehicles intended for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere shall not be excluded; 8) the design and construction of systems containing desired, controlled combustion processes, unless they can act as ignition sources in potentially explosive atmospheres.

Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection - Part 1: Basic concepts and methodology

ASTM E1491-06(2019) 尘云最低自燃温度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature at which a given dust cloud will autoignite when exposed to air heated in a furnace at local atmospheric pressure. 1.2 Data obtained from this test method provide a relative measure of dust cloud autoignition temperatures. 1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Minimum Autoignition Temperature of Dust Clouds

ASTM E2019-03(2019) 空气中灰尘云cb5f的最小点火0716能量的0716标准测试方法

1.1 This test method determines the minimum ignition energy of a dust cloud in air by a high voltage spark. 1.2 The minimum ignition energy (MIE) of a dust-cloud is primarily used to assess the likelihood of ignition during processing and handling. The likelihood of ignition is used to evaluate the need for precautions such as explosion prevention systems. The MIE is determined as the electrical energy stored in a capacitor which, when released as a high voltage spark, is just sufficient to ignite the dust cloud at its most easily ignitable concentration in air. The laboratory test method described in this standard does not optimize all test variables that affect MIE. Smaller MIE values might be determined by increasing the number of repetitions or optimizing the spark discharge circuit for each dust tested. 1.3 In this test method, the test equipment is calibrated using a series of reference dusts whose MIE values lie within established limits. Once the test equipment is calibrated, the relative ignition sensitivity of other dusts can be found by comparing their MIE values with those of the reference dusts or with dusts whose ignition sensitivities are known from experience. X1.1 of this test method includes guidance on the significance of minimum ignition energy with respect to electrostatic discharges. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy of a Dust Cloud in Air

DB13/T 2510.32-2019 安全生产等级评定技术规范 第32部分：烟花爆竹经营（批发）企业

Part 32 of the Technical Specifications for the Evaluation of Safety Production Grades: Fireworks and Firecrackers Operation (Wholesale) Enterprises

DB12/T 724.32-2019 安全生产等级评定技术规范 第32部分：烟花爆竹经营（批发）企业

本部分适用于企业安全生产等级的划分与评定。

Part 32 of the Technical Specifications for the Evaluation of Safety Production Grades: Fireworks and Firecrackers Operation (Wholesale) Enterprises

ASTM E2931-13(2019) 可燃尘云极限氧（氧化剂）浓度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method is designed to determine the limiting oxygen concentration of a combustible dust dispersed in a mixture of air with an inert/nonflammable gas in a nearspherical closed vessel of 20 L or greater volume. 1.2 Data obtained from this method provide a relative measure of the deflagration characteristics of dust clouds. 1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Limiting Oxygen (Oxidant) Concentration of Combustible Dust Clouds

DB11/T 1322.32-2019 安全生产等级评定技术规范 第32部分：烟花爆竹经营（批发）企业

Part 32 of the Technical Specifications for the Evaluation of Safety Production Grades: Fireworks and Firecrackers Operation (Wholesale) Enterprises

BS EN 14460:2018 防爆设备

Explosion resistant equipment

ASTM E2639-12(2018) 垃圾容器抗爆性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method provides a procedure for characterizing the performance of a trash receptacle when an explosive is detonated within the receptacle. 1.1.1 The procedure determines the extent and location of fragments produced during the explosion, and whether breaches are created in the exterior surfaces of the trash receptacle. 1.1.2 Appendix X1 provides guidance for determining the magnitude of blast waves (that is, external overpressures) developed. 1.1.3 Effects due to a fireball resulting from the detonation of an explosive within a trash receptacle are beyond the scope of the test method. 1.2 This test method is intended to be performed in open-air test arenas. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Test Method for Blast Resistance of Trash Receptacles

ASTM E1248-90(2017) 粉碎机防爆标准实践

1.1 This practice covers general recommended design features and operating practices for shredder explosion protection in resource recovery plants and other refuse processing facilities. 1.2 Hammermills and other types of size reduction equipment (collectively termed shredders) are employed at many facilities that mechanically process solid wastes for resource recovery. Flammable or explosive materials (for example, gases, vapors, powders, and commercial and military explosives) may be present in the as-received waste stream. There is potential for these materials to be released, dispersed, and ignited within or near a shredder. Therefore, explosion prevention and damage amelioration provisions are required. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Practice for Shredder Explosion Protection

VDI 2263 Blatt 6.1-2017 粉尘火灾和粉尘爆炸 危害 评估 保护措施 粉尘提取装置中的粉尘火灾和爆炸防护 示例

The standard is applied to measures for explosion protection in dust extraction installations where, during specified normal use, combustible dust/air mixtures, vapour/air mixtures or hybrid mixtures occur or may be formed. The standard offers practical guidance and approaches to protective measures complementing the standard VDI 2263 Part 6. The standard applies in conjunction with VDI 2263 Part 6.

Dust fires and dust explosions - Hazards - assessment - protective measures - Dust fires and explosion protection in dust extracting installations - Examples

VDI 2263 Blatt 6-2017 粉尘火灾和粉尘爆炸 危害 评估 保护措施 粉尘提取装置中的粉尘火灾和爆炸防护

The standard applies to measures for explosion protection in dust extraction installations where, during specified normal use, combustible dust/air mixtures, vapour/air mixtures or hybrid mixtures occur or may be formed.

Dust fires and dust explosions - Hazards - assessment - protective measures - Dust fires and explosion protection in dust extracting installations

DB32/T 3251-2017 储罐、罐车用非金属阻隔防爆安全技术要求

本标准规定了储罐、罐车用非金属阻隔防爆安全技术要求，包括术语定义、非金属阻隔防爆材料、检测检验等内容。 本标准适用于轻质燃油、甲醇和液化石油气储罐、罐车用非金属阻隔防爆材料的选用及安装。除上述介质外的其它易燃易爆介质可参照执行。

Non-metallic barrier explosion-proof safety technical requirements for storage tanks and tank trucks

DIN EN 1839:2017-11 爆炸极限、燃烧气体和蒸汽极限氧含量(LOC)的测定;德文版本EN 1839-2017

Determination of the explosion limits and the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) for flammable gases and vapours; German version EN 1839:2017

BS EN 1839:2017 爆炸极限、燃烧气体和蒸汽极限氧含量(LOC)的测定

Determination of the explosion limits and the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) for flammable gases and vapours

EN 1839:2017 测定可燃气体和蒸汽的爆炸极限和极限氧浓度(LOC)

This European Standard specifies two test methods (method T and method B) to determine the explosion limits of gases, vapours and their mixtures, mixed with air or an air / inert gas mixture (volume fraction of the oxygen < 21 %) and the limiting oxygen concentration. This European Standard applies to gases, vapours and their mixtures at atmospheric pressure for temperatures up to 200 °C.

Determination of the explosion limits and the limiting oxygen concentration(LOC) for flammable gases and vapours