71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E2627-13 使用完全再结晶多晶材料中的电子背散射衍射 (EBSD) 测定平均粒径的标准实施规程

5.1 This practice provides a way to estimate the average grain size of polycrystalline materials. It is based on EBSD measurements of crystallographic orientation which are inherently quantitative in nature. This method has specific advantage over traditional optical grain size measurements in some materials, where it is difficult to find appropriate metallographic preparation procedures to adequately delineate grain boundaries. 1.1 This practice is used to determine grain size from measurements of grain areas from automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) scans of polycrystalline materials. 1.2 The intent of this practice is to standardize operation of an automated EBSD instrument to measure ASTM G directly from crystal orientation. The guidelines and caveats of E112 apply here, but the focus of this standard is on EBSD practice. 1.3 This practice is only applicable to fully recrystallized materials. 1.4 This practice is applicable to any crystalline material which produces EBSD patterns of sufficient quality that a high percentage of the patterns can be reliably indexed using automated indexing software. 1.5 The practice is applicable to any type of grain structure or grain size distribution. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Determining Average Grain Size Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) in Fully Recrystallized Polycrystalline Materials

ASTM C1647-13 铀或钚材料中杂质检定用铀或钚或两者的清除标准实施规程

5.1 This practice can be used to separate uranium or plutonium, or both, prior to the impurity analysis by various techniques. The removal of uranium and plutonium prior to quantification can improve the detection limits by minimizing the signal suppression caused by uranium or plutonium when using ICP techniques. Detection limits of ~1–10 part-per-billion (PPB) may be obtainable by matrix removal. Also, removal of the uranium and plutonium may allow the impurities analysis to be performed on a non-glove box enclosed instrument. 5.2 Other test methods exist to determine impurities in uranium or plutonium. Test Method C1517 is able to determine many impurities in uranium at detection levels of ~1–10 part-per-million (ppm) by DC-Arc Spectrometry. Test Method C1287 is able to determine impurities in uranium at detection levels of ~100 ppb by ICP-MS. Test Method C1432 provides an alternative technique to remove plutonium by ion exchange prior to analysis of the impurities by ICP-AES. 5.3 This practice can be used to demonstrate compliance with nuclear fuel specifications, for example, Specifications C753, C757, C776, C787, C788, and C996. 1.1 This practice covers instructions for using an extraction chromatography column method for the removal of plutonium or uranium, or both, from liquid or digested oxides or metals prior to impurity measurements. Quantification of impurities can be made by techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) or atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS.) 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Removal of Uranium or Plutonium, or both, for Impurity Assay in Uranium or Plutonium Materials

ASTM E2911-13 拉曼光谱仪相对强度校正的标准指南

4.1 Generally, Raman spectra measured using grating-based dispersive or Fourier transform Raman spectrometers have not been corrected for the instrumental response (spectral responsivity of the detection system). Raman spectra obtained with different instruments may show significant variations in the measured relative peak intensities of a sample compound. This is mainly as a result of differences in their wavelength-dependent optical transmission and detector efficiencies. These variations can be particularly large when widely different laser excitation wavelengths are used, but can occur when the same laser excitation is used and spectra of the same compound are compared between instruments. This is illustrated in Fig. 1, which shows the uncorrected luminescence spectrum of SRM 2241, acquired upon four different commercially available Raman spectrometers operating with 785 nm laser excitation. Instrumental response variations can also occur on the same instrument after a component change or service work has been performed. Each spectrometer, due to its unique combination of filters, grating, collection optics and detector response, has a very unique spectral response. The spectrometer dependent spectral response will of course also affect the shape of Raman spectra acquired upon these systems. The shape of this response is not to be construed as either “good or bad” but is the result of design considerations by the spectrometer manufacturer. For instance, as shown in Fig. 1, spectral coverage can vary considerably between spectrometer systems. This is typically a deliberate tradeoff in spectrometer design, where spectral coverage is sacrificed for enhanced spectral resolution. 1.1 This guide is designed to enable the user to correct a Raman spectrometer for its relative spectral-intensity response function using NIST Standard Reference Materials2 in the 224X series (currently SRMs 2241, 2242, 2243, 2244, 2245, 2246), or a calibrated irradiance source. This relative intensity correction procedure will enable the intercomparison of Raman spectra acquired from differing instruments, excitation wavelengths, and laboratories. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 Because of the significant dangers associated with the use of lasers, ANSI Z136.1 or suitable regional standards should be followed in conjunction with this practice. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Relative Intensity Correction of Raman Spectrometers

ASTM E2735-13 X射线光电子光谱法 (XPS) 试验所需校准选择的标准指南

4.1 The purpose of this guide is assist users and analysts in selecting the standardization procedures relevant to a defined XPS experiment. These experiments may be based, for example, upon material failure analysis, the determination of surface chemistry of a solid, or the composition profile of a thin film or coating. A series of options will be summarized giving the standards that are related to specific information requirements. ISO 15470 and ISO 10810 also aid XPS users in experiment design for typical samples. ASTM Committee E42 and ISO TC201 are in a continuous process of updating and adding standards and guides. It is recommended to refer to the ASTM and ISO websites for a current list of standards. 1.1 This guide describes an approach to enable users and analysts to determine the calibrations and standards useful to obtain meaningful surface chemistry data with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and to optimize the instrument for specific analysis objectives and data collection time. 1.2 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide will be applicable in all circumstances. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Selection of Calibrations Needed for X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Experiments

ASTM G5-13e1 进行动电位阳极极化测量用试验方法的标准实施规程

3.1 The availability of a standard procedure, standard material, and a standard plot should make it easy for an investigator to check his techniques. This should lead to polarization curves in the literature which can be compared with confidence. 3.2 Samples of a standard ferritic Type 430 stainless steel (UNS S43000) used in obtaining standard reference plot are available for those who wish to check their own test procedure and equipment.3 3.3 Standard potentiodynamic polarization plots are shown for a lot of material originally purchased in 1992. This test method is not applicable for standard material purchased before 1992. These reference data are based on the results from different laboratories that followed the standard procedure, using that material in 1.0 N H2SO4. The four sigma probability bands for current density values are shown at each potential to indicate the acceptable range of values. 3.4 This test method may not be appropriate for polarization testing of all materials or in all environments. 3.5 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the accuracy of a given electrochemical test apparatus, not for use in evaluating materials performance. Therefore, the use of the plots in Fig. 1 is not recommended to evaluate alloys other than Type 430, or lots of Type 430 other than those available through Metal Samples. The use of the data in this test method in this manner is beyond the scope and intended use of this test method. Users of this test method are advised to evaluate test results relative to the scatter bands corresponding to the particular lot of Type 430 stainless steel that was tested. 1.1 This test method covers an experimental procedure for checking experimental technique and instrumentation. If followed, this test method will provide repeatable potentiodynamic anodic polarization measurements that will reproduce data determined by others at other times and in other laboratories provided all laboratories are testing reference samples from the same lot of Type 430 stainless steel. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements

ASTM G5-13 制定动电位阳极极化测量值的标准参考试验方法

3.1 The availability of a standard procedure, standard material, and a standard plot should make it easy for an investigator to check his techniques. This should lead to polarization curves in the literature which can be compared with confidence. 3.2 Samples of a standard ferritic Type 430 stainless steel (UNS S43000) used in obtaining standard reference plot are available for those who wish to check their own test procedure and equipment.3 3.3 Standard potentiodynamic polarization plots are shown for a lot of material originally purchased in 1992. This test method is not applicable for standard material purchased before 1992. These reference data are based on the results from different laboratories that followed the standard procedure, using that material in 1.0 N H2SO4. The four sigma probability bands for current density values are shown at each potential to indicate the acceptable range of values. 3.4 This test method may not be appropriate for polarization testing of all materials or in all environments. 3.5 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the accuracy of a given electrochemical test apparatus, not for use in evaluating materials performance. Therefore, the use of the plots in Fig. 1 is not recommended to evaluate alloys other than Type 430, or lots of Type 430 other than those available through Metal Samples. The use of the data in this test method in this manner is beyond the scope and intended use of this test method. Users of this test method are advised to evaluate test results relative to the scatter bands corresponding to the particular lot of Type 430 stainless steel that was tested.CURRENT DENSITY (μA/cm2) FIG. 1 Typical Standard Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Plot 1.1 This test method covers an experimental procedure for checking experimental technique and instrumentation. If followed, this test method will provide repeatable potentiodynamic anodic polarization measurements that will reproduce data determined by others at other times and in other laboratories provided all laboratories are testing reference samples from the same lot of Type 430 stainless steel. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements

ASTM E1508-12 用能量分散能谱学作定量分析的标准指南

This guide covers procedures for quantifying the elemental composition of phases in a microstructure. It includes both methods that use standards as well as standardless methods, and it discusses the precision and accuracy that one can expect from the technique. The guide applies to EDS with a solid-state X-ray detector used on an SEM or EPMA. EDS is a suitable technique for routine quantitative analysis of elements that are 1) heavier than or equal to sodium in atomic weight, 2) present in tenths of a percent or greater by weight, and 3) occupying a few cubic micrometres, or more, of the specimen. Elements of lower atomic number than sodium can be analyzed with either ultra-thin-window or windowless spectrometers, generally with less precision than is possible for heavier elements. Trace elements, defined as <1.0 %,2 can be analyzed but with lower precision compared with analyses of elements present in greater concentration.1.1 This guide is intended to assist those using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for quantitative analysis of materials with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). It is not intended to substitute for a formal course of instruction, but rather to provide a guide to the capabilities and limitations of the technique and to its use. For a more detailed treatment of the subject, see Goldstein, et al. This guide does not cover EDS with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). 1.2 Units8212;The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Quantitative Analysis by Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy

ASTM D6010-12 从固体基质中用封闭容器微波溶剂萃取有机化合物的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice describes the closed vessel microwave extraction of soils, sediments, sludges, and wastes for subsequent determination of solvent extractable semivolatile and nonvolatile organic compounds by such techniques as gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 1.1.1 Compounds listed in Tables 1???5 can be extracted from the preceding materials. 1.2 This test method is applicable to samples that will pass through a 10-mesh (approximately 2-mm opening) screen. 1.3 The detection limit and linear concentration range for each compound is dependent on the gas chromatograph or gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer technique employed and may be found in the manual accompanying the instrument used. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Closed Vessel Microwave Solvent Extraction of Organic Compounds from Solid Matrices

ASTM D6144-12 用毛细管气相色谱法对AMS (α-甲基苯乙烯) 分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of AMS (??-methylstyrene) by gas chromatography. Calibration of the gas chromatography system is done by the external standard calibration technique. 1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the measurement of impurities such as cumene, 3-methyl-2-cyclopentene-1-one, n-propylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, cis-2-phenyl-2-butene, acetophenone, 1-phenyl-1-butene, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, trans-2-phenyl-2-butene, m-cymene, p-cymene, and phenol, which are common to the manufacturing process of AMS. The method has also been found applicable for the determination of para-tertiary-butylcatechol typically added as a stabilizer to AMS. The impurities in AMS can be analyzed over a range of 5 to 800 mg/kg by this method. (See Table 1.) The limit of detection for these impurities is typically in the range of 5 to 10 mg/kg. (See Table 1.) TABLE 1 Summary of Precision Data (mg/kg) Compound Repeatability (r) Reproducibility (R) Range Studied Acetone

Standard Test Method for Analysis of AMS (alpha;-Methylstyrene) by Capillary Gas Chromatography

ASTM E2649-12 用火花源发射光谱法测定密封绝缘玻璃组件中氩浓度的标准试验方法

This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the concentration of argon in sealed insulating glass units under controlled conditions in compliance with the apparatus manufacturer's instructions. This is a non-destructive test method in that the edge seal of the test specimen is not breached in order to determine the argon gas concentration. However, damage to some glass coatings on the inner surfaces of the glass can occur. This test method has been developed based on data collected in a controlled laboratory environment. The device shall be used to determine the argon gas concentration in insulating glass units in a controlled laboratory environment. Refer to 12.3. This test method may be used to determine the argon gas concentration before, during, or after the insulating glass unit is subjected to durability tests. The accuracy of the test method is dependent upon the accuracy of the Spark Emission Spectroscope. When the concentration of the argon being measured is below certain levels, this test method is not applicable. See the spectroscope manufacturer’s literature for recommended levels of accuracy of a given model.1.1 This test method covers procedures for using a spark emission spectroscope to determine the concentration of argon gas in the space between the lites of a sealed insulating glass unit. 1.2 This is a non-destructive test method. 1.3 This test method shall be used only in a controlled laboratory environment. 1.4 This test method is applicable for insulating glass units where argon has been added to the sealed insulating glass cavity and the balance of the gas is atmospheric air. 1.5 This test method is applicable for clear, double-glazed insulating glass units. 1.6 This test method is applicable for double-glazed insulating glass units with one lite having a metallic coating or tinted glass, or both, and with clear glass as the other lite. 1.7 This test method is applicable for triple-glazed insulating glass units only when the center lite of glass has a metallic coating (either low emissivity (low E) or reflective) and both of the other lites are clear glass. 1.8 This test method also includes a procedure for verifying the accuracy of the readings of the test apparatus. 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, refer to 7.1.

Standard Test Method for Determining Argon Concentration in Sealed Insulating Glass Units Using Spark Emission Spectroscopy

ASTM E1508-12a 用能量分散能谱学作定量分析的标准指南

5.1 This guide covers procedures for quantifying the elemental composition of phases in a microstructure. It includes both methods that use standards as well as standardless methods, and it discusses the precision and accuracy that one can expect from the technique. The guide applies to EDS with a solid-state X-ray detector used on an SEM or EPMA. 5.2 EDS is a suitable technique for routine quantitative analysis of elements that are 1) heavier than or equal to sodium in atomic weight, 2) present in tenths of a percent or greater by weight, and 3) occupying a few cubic micrometres, or more, of the specimen. Elements of lower atomic number than sodium can be analyzed with either ultra-thin-window or windowless spectrometers, generally with less precision than is possible for heavier elements. Trace elements, defined as lt;1.08201;%,2 can be analyzed but with lower precision compared with analyses of elements present in greater concentration. 1.1 This guide is intended to assist those using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for quantitative analysis of materials with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). It is not intended to substitute for a formal course of instruction, but rather to provide a guide to the capabilities and limitations of the technique and to its use. For a more detailed treatment of the subject, see Goldstein, et al.(1) This guide does not cover EDS with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Quantitative Analysis by Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy

ASTM E1097-12 使用直流等离子体原子发射光谱法测定各种元素的标准指南

Analyses using DCP-AES require proper preparation of test solutions, accurate calibration, and control of analytical procedures. ASTM test methods that refer to this guide shall provide specifics on test solutions, calibration, and procedures. DCP-AES analysis is primarily concerned with testing materials for compliance with specifications, but may range from qualitative estimations to umpire analysis. These may involve measuring major and minor constituents or trace impurities, or both. This guide suggests some approaches to these different analytical needs. This guide assists analysts in developing new methods. It is assumed that the users of this guide will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory. This guide does not purport to define all of the quality assurance parameters necessary for DCP-AES analysis. Analysts should ensure that proper quality assurance procedures are followed, especially those defined by the test method. Refer to Guide E882.1.1 This guide covers procedures for using a Direct Current Plasma atomic emission spectrometer (DCP-AES) to determine the concentration of elements in solution. Recommendations are provided for preparing and calibrating the instrument, assessing instrument performance, diagnosing and correcting for interferences, measuring test solutions, and calculating results. A method to correct for instrument drift is included. 1.2 This guide does not specify all the operating conditions for a DCP-AES because of the differences between models of these instruments. Analysts should follow instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument. 1.3 This guide does not attempt to specify in detail all of the hardware components and computer software of the instrument. It is assumed that the instrument, whether commercially available, modified, or custom built, will be capable of performing the analyses for which it is intended, and that the analyst has verified this before performing the analysis. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Guide for Determination of Various Elements by Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ASTM E2111-12 评定液体化学品杀菌, 杀真菌, 杀分枝杆菌和杀孢子能力的标准定量带菌体试验方法

This test method is fully quantitative and it also avoids any loss of viable organisms through wash off, making it possible to produce statistically valid data using many fewer test and control carriers than other quantitative methods based on most probable numbers (MPN). The design of the carriers makes it possible to place into each a precisely measured volume of the test suspension. The use of the threaded stir bars allows for efficient recovery of the inoculum even after its exposure for several hours to strong fixatives such as glutaraldehyde. The membrane filtration step allows processing of the entire eluate from the test carriers and therefore the capture and subsequent detection of even low numbers of viable organisms that may be present. This test can be performed with or without a soil load to determine the effect of such loading on microbicide performance. Consult the target regulatory agency on the need, type(s), and acceptable level(s) of soil load prior to testing. One type of soil load (Quantitative Disk Carrier Test Method E2197) to consider for this test is a mixture of three types of proteins (high molecular weight proteins, low molecular weight peptides, and mucous material) to represent the body secretions, excretions, or other extraneous substances that chemical microbicides may encounter under field conditions. It is suitable for working with the various test organisms included here. The components of the soil load are readily available and subject to much less variability than animal sera. If distilled water or other diluent is not to be specified on the product label, the diluent for the test substance is assumed to be tap water. Since the quality of tap water varies considerably both geographically and temporally, this test method incorporates the use of water with a specified and documented level of hardness to prepare use-dilutions of test substance that require dilution in water before use. Consult the target regulatory agency regarding the use and level of water hardness prior to testing. 1.1 This test method is designed for use in product development and for the generation of product potency data. This test method permits the loading of each carrier with a known volume of the test organism. The incorporation of controls can also determine the initial load of colony forming units (CFU) of organisms on the test carriers and any loss in CFU after the mandatory drying of the inoculum. 1.2 This test method is designed to have survivors and also to be used with a performance standard. The surviving microorganisms on each test carrier are compared to the mean of no less than three control carriers to determine if the performance standard has been met. To allow proper statistical evaluation of results, the size of the test inoculum should be sufficiently large to take into account both the performance standard and the experimental variation in the results. For example, if an arbitrary performance standard of 6-log10 reduction in the viability titer of the test organism is used, and an inoculum size of 107 CFU, then theoretically a maximum of ten survivors per carrier is permitted; however, because of experimental variability, the exact target may need to be higher than 106 CFU/carrier, thus fewer survivors would be permitted. 1.3 This test method should be performed by persons with training in microbiology and in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at the appropriate biosafety level (3). 1.4 In this test method, SI units are used for all applications, except for distance, in which case inches are used and SI units follow. 1.5 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory ......

Standard Quantitative Carrier Test Method to Evaluate the Bactericidal, Fungicidal, Mycobactericidal, and Sporicidal Potencies of Liquid Chemicals

ASTM E984-12 用俄歇电子能谱法鉴别化学效应和基体效应的标准指南

4.1 Auger electron spectroscopy is often capable of yielding information concerning the chemical and physical environment of atoms in the near-surface region of a solid as well as giving elemental and quantitative information. This information is manifested as changes in the observed Auger electron spectrum for a particular element in the specimen under study compared to the Auger spectrum produced by the same element when it is in some reference form. The differences in the two spectra are said to be due to a chemical effect or a matrix effect. Despite sometimes making elemental identification and quantitative measurements more difficult, these effects in the Auger spectrum are considered valuable tools for characterizing the environment of the near-surface atoms in a solid. 1.1 This guide outlines the types of chemical effects and matrix effects which are observed in Auger electron spectroscopy. 1.2 Guidelines are given for the reporting of chemical and matrix effects in Auger spectra. 1.3 Guidelines are given for utilizing Auger chemical effects for identification or characterization. 1.4 This guide is applicable to both electron excited and X-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Identifying Chemical Effects and Matrix Effects in Auger Electron Spectroscopy

ASTM D1976-12 电感耦合氩等离子原子发射光谱法测定水中元素的标准试验方法

This test method is useful for the determination of element concentrations in many natural waters and wastewaters. It has the capability for the simultaneous determination of up to 20 elements. High sensitivity analysis can be achieved for some elements that are difficult to determine by other techniques such as Flame Atomic Absorption.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved, total-recoverable, or total elements in drinking water, surface water, domestic, or industrial wastewaters. , 1.2 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for waters of untested matrices. 1.3 Table 1 lists elements for which this test method applies, with recommended wavelengths and typical estimated instrumental detection limits using conventional pneumatic nebulization. Actual working detection limits are sample dependent and as the sample matrix varies, these detection limits may also vary. In time, other elements may be added as more information becomes available and as required. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 2 and Section 9. TABLE 1 Suggested Wavelengths and Estimated Detection Limits ElementWavelength, nmAEstimated detection limit,μ g/LB Aluminum308.21545 Arsenic 193.696 53 Antimony206.833 32 Beryllium 313.042 0.3 Boron 249.773 5 Cadmium226.502 4 Chromium 267.716 7 Cobalt 228.616 7 Copper 324.754 6 Iron259.940 7 Lead220.35342 Magnesium 279.079 30 Manganese 257.610 2 Molybde......

Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

ASTM D6142-12 通过毛细管气相色谱法对苯酚分析的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of known impurities in phenol by gas chromatography (GC). It is generally meant for the analysis of phenol of 99.98201;% or greater purity. 1.2 This test method has been found applicable over impurity concentrations of 15 to 70 mg/kg. Users of this method believe it is linear over a wider range. 1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Phenol by Capillary Gas Chromatography

ASTM G5-12 动电势极化电阻测量的标准试验方法

3.1 The availability of a standard procedure, standard material, and a standard plot should make it easy for an investigator to check his techniques. This should lead to polarization curves in the literature which can be compared with confidence. 3.2 Samples of a standard ferritic Type 430 stainless steel (UNS S43000) used in obtaining standard reference plot are available for those who wish to check their own test procedure and equipment.3 3.3 Standard potentiostatic and potentiodynamic polarization plots are shown for a lot of material originally purchased in 1992. This test method is not applicable for standard material purchased before 1992. These reference data are based on the results from different laboratories that followed the standard procedure, using that material in 1.0 N H2SO4. The four sigma probability bands for current density values are shown at each potential to indicate the acceptable range of values. 3.4 This test method may not be appropriate for polarization testing of all materials or in all environments. 3.5 This test method is intended for use in evaluating the accuracy of a given electrochemical test apparatus, not for use in evaluating materials performance. Therefore, the use of the plots in Figs. 1 and 2 is not recommended to evaluate alloys other than Type 430, or lots of Type 430 other than those available through ASTM. The use of the data in this test method in this manner is beyond the scope and intended use of this test method. Users of this test method are advised to evaluate test results relative to the scatter bands corresponding to the particular lot of Type 430 stainless steel that was tested.CURRENT DENSITY (μA/cm2) FIG. 1 Typical Standard Potentiostatic Anodic Polarization PlotCURRENT DENSITY (μA/cm2) FIG. 2 Typical Standard Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Plot 1.1 This test method covers an experimental procedure for checking experimental technique and instrumentation. If followed, this test method will provide repeatable potentiostatic and potentiodynamic anodic polarization measurements that will reproduce data determined by others at other times and in other laboratories provided all laboratories are testing reference samples from the same lot of Type 430 stainless steel. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements

ASTM D6866-12 使用放射性碳分析法测定固体、液体和气体样品的生物质含量的标准试验方法

Presidential (Executive) Orders 13101, 13123, 13134, Public Laws (106-224), AG ACT 2003 and other Legislative Actions all require Federal Agencies to develop procedures to identify, encourage and produce products derived from biobased, renewable, sustainable and low environmental impact resources so as to promote the Market Development Infrastructure necessary to induce greater use of such resources in commercial, non food, products. Section 1501 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58) and EPA 40 CFR Part 80 (Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Renewable Fuel Standard Requirements for 2006) require petroleum distributors to add renewable ethanol to domestically sold gasoline to promote the nation's growing renewable economy, with requirements to identify and trace origin. Method B utilizes Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) along with Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) techniques to quantify the biobased content of a given product. Intsrumental error can be within 0.1-0.5 % (1 rsd), but empirical studies identify a total uncertainty up to ±3 % (absolute) inclusive of indeterminant sources of error in the final biobased content result. Sample preparation methods include the production of CO2 within a vacuum manifold system where it is ultimately distilled, quantified in a calibrated volume, transferred to a quartz tube, and torch sealed. Details are given in 8.7-8.10. The stored CO2 is then delivered to an AMS facility for final processing and analysis. Method C uses LSC techniques to quantify the biobased content of a product using sample carbon that has been converted to benzene. This test method determines the biobased content of a sample with a maximum total error of ±3 % (absolute), as does Method B. The test methods described here directly discriminate between product carbon resulting from contemporary carbon input and that derived from fossil-based input. A measurement of a product’s 14C/12C content is determined relative to the modern carbon-based oxalic acid radiocarbon Standard Reference Material (SRM) 4990c, (referred to as HOxII). It is compositionally related directly to the original oxalic acid radiocarbon standard SRM 4990b (referred to as HOxI), and is denoted in terms of fM, that is, the sample’s fraction of modern carbon. (See Terminology, Section 3.) Reference standards, available to all laboratories practicing these test methods, must be used properly in order that traceability to the primary carbon isotope standards are established, and that stated uncertainties are valid. The primary standards are SRM 4990c (oxalic acid) for 14C and RM 8544 (NBS 19 calcite) for 13C. These materials are available for distribution in North America from The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and outside North America from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria. Acceptable SI unit deviations (tolerance) for the practice of these test methods is ±5 % from the stated instructions unless otherwise noted.1.1 These test methods do not address environmental impact, product performance and functionality, determination of geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws. 1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product containing carbon-based components that can be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The overall analytical method is also applicable to gaseous samples, including flue gases from electrical utility boilers and waste incinerators. 1.3 These test methods make no attem......

Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis

ASTM D7183-12 紫外荧光法测定芳烃和相关化合物中总硫度的标准试验方法

Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned when trace amounts of sulfur-bearing materials are contained in the feedstocks. This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds, sulfur in finished products, and can also be used for purposes of regulatory control.1.1 This test method covers the determination of sulfur in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and related chemicals. 1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with sulfur concentrations from 0.5 to 100 mg/kg. 1.3 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

ASTM D6886-12 通过气相色谱法测定在空气干燥涂层中的某个挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的标准试验方法

In using Practice D3960 to measure the VOC content of waterborne coatings, precision tends to be poor for low VOC content air-dry coatings when the VOC weight fraction is determined indirectly. The present method first identifies and then quantifies the weight fraction of individual VOCs directly in air-dry coatings. The total VOC weight fraction can be obtained by adding the individual weight fraction values (Note 4). Note 48212;The present method may be used to speciate solvent-borne air-dry coatings. However, since these normally contain high, and often complex, quantities of solvent, precision tends to be better using the methods contained in Practice D3960, where the VOC fraction is determined by a direct weight loss determination. SPME/GC makes it possible to identify very low levels of volatile compounds in a coating and could serve to make it possible to identify the presence of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs).1.1 This test method is for the determination of the weight percent of individual volatile organic compounds in air-dry coatings. 1.2 The method can be used to determine the weight fraction VOC content of waterborne coatings in which the material VOC content is below 5 weight percent. The method has been used successfully with higher VOC content waterborne coatings and with solvent-borne coatings (Note 1). 1.3 The method may also be used to measure the exempt volatile organic compound content (acetone, methyl acetate, t-butyl acetate and p-chlorobezotrifluoride) of waterborne and solvent-borne coatings. The methodology is virtually identical to that used in Test Method D6133 which, as written, is specific for only exempt volatile compounds. 1.4 Volatile compounds that are present at the 0.005 weight percent level or greater can be determined. Note 18212;This test method may be used for the VOC analysis of coatings containing silanes, siloxanes, and silane-siloxane blends. The test method is not suitable for the analysis of coatings that cure by chemical reaction (this includes two-component coatings and coatings which cure when heated) because dilution with a solvent would impede the chemical reaction required for these types of coatings. This test method measures the VOC weight fraction of air-dry coatings directly as opposed to the methods of Practice D3960 which measure the VOC weight fraction of air-dry waterborne coatings indirectly. A direct measurement of VOC weight fraction, particularly in low VOC content waterborne coatings, generally gives better precision. California Polytechnic State University carried out an extensive study for the California Air Resources Board comparing the precision of the direct method with the indirect method (CARB Standard Agreement No. 04.329). This study may be used to decide if the present method or the methods of Practice D3960 are preferred as an analysis method for obtaining the best possible precision for measuring the mass-based VOC content of a specific coating. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this sta......

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Individual Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Air-Dry Coatings by Gas Chromatography