71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D6866-08 用放射性碳分析法测定固体、液体和气体样品中生物基含量的标准试验方法

Presidential (Executive) Orders 13101, 13123, 13134, Public Laws (106-224), AG ACT 2003 and other Legislative Actions all require Federal Agencies to develop procedures to identify, encourage and produce products derived from biobased, renewable, sustainable and low environmental impact resources so as to promote the Market Development Infrastructure necessary to induce greater use of such resources in commercial, non food, products. Section 1501 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–58) and EPA 40 CFR Part 80 (Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Renewable Fuel Standard Requirements for 2006) require petroleum distributors to add renewable ethanol to domestically sold gasoline to promote the nation''s growing renewable economy, with requirements to identify and trace origin. Method A utilizes Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) radiocarbon (14C) techniques to quantify the biobased content of a given product with maximum total error of 15 % count, which is associated with sample preparation and actual counting. This test method is based on LSC analysis of CO2 cocktails after collecting the CO2 in a suitable absorbing solution. Method B utilizes Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) techniques to quantify the biobased content of a given product with possible uncertainties of 1 to 2 % and 0.1 to 0.5 %, respectively. Sample preparation methods are identical to Method A, 8.2–8.5. Method B diverges after 8.5 and rather than LSC analysis the sample CO2 remains within the vacuum manifold and is distilled, quantified in a calibrated volume, transferred to a quartz tube, torch sealed. Details are given in 12.7-12.10. The stored CO2 is then delivered to an AMS facility for final processing and analysis. Method C uses LSC techniques to quantify the biobased content of a product. However, whereas Method A uses LSC analysis of CO2 cocktails, Method C uses LSC analysis of sample carbon that has been converted to benzene. This test method determines the biobased content of a sample with a maximum total error of ±3 % (absolute). Although Methods A and C are less sensitive than that of using AMS/IRMS, they have two distinct advantages: (1) lower costs per evaluation, and (2) much higher instrument availability worldwide. Indeed, LSC is the most widely used measurement for 14C determination. Method B is commonly used when the authenticity of the LSC radiocarbon results are in dispute, when sample size is greatly restricted or costly per mass of sample, or when the carbon content of the sample is less than 10 % by weight. The test methods described here directly discriminate between product carbon resulting from contemporary carbon input and that derived from fossil-based input. A measurement of a product’s 14C/12C content is determined relative to the modern carbon-based oxalic acid radiocarbon Standard Reference Material (SRM) 4990c, (referred to as HOxII). It is compositionally related directly to the original oxalic acid radiocarbon standard SRM 4990b (referred to as HOxI), and is denoted in terms of fM, that is, the sample’s fraction of modern carbon. (See Terminology, Section 3.) Reference standards, available to all laboratories practicing these test methods, must be used properly in order that traceability to the primary carbon isotope standards are established, and that stated uncertainties are valid. The primary standards are SRM 4990c (oxalic acid) for 14C and RM 8544 (NBS 19 calcite) for 13C. These materials are available for distribution...........

Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis

ASTM E1127-08(2015) 俄歇电子能谱学中的深度压形的标准指南

5.1 Auger electron spectroscopy yields information concerning the chemical and physical state of a solid surface in the near surface region. Nondestructive depth profiling is limited to this near surface region. Techniques for measuring the crater depths and film thicknesses are given in (1).5 5.2 Ion sputtering is primarily used for depths of less than the order of 1 μm. 5.3 Angle lapping or mechanical cratering is primarily used for depths greater than the order of 1 μm. 5.4 The choice of depth profiling methods for investigating an interface depends on surface roughness, interface roughness, and film thickness (2). 5.5 The depth profile interface widths can be measured using a logistic function which is described in Practice E1636. 1.1 This guide covers procedures used for depth profiling in Auger electron spectroscopy. 1.2 Guidelines are given for depth profiling by the following:   Section Ion Sputtering  6 Angle Lapping and Cross-Sectioning  7 Mechanical Cratering  8 Mesh Replica Method 9 Nondestructive Depth Profiling  10 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement a......

Standard Guide for Depth Profiling in Auger Electron Spectroscopy

ASTM E2040-08 热重分析仪质量刻度校准的标准试验方法

This test method calibrates or demonstrates conformity of thermogravimetric apparatus at ambient conditions. Most thermogravimetry analysis experiments are carried out under temperature ramp conditions or at isothermal temperatures distant from ambient conditions. This test method does not address the temperature effects on mass calibration. In most thermogravimetry experiments, the mass change is reported as weight percent in which the observed mass at any time during the course of the experiment is divided by the original mass of the test specimen. This method of reporting results assumes that the mass scale of the apparatus is linear with increasing mass. In such cases, it may be necessary only to confirm the performance of the instrument by comparison to a suitable reference. When the actual mass of the test specimen is recorded, the use of a calibration factor to correct the calibration of the apparatus may be required, on rare occasions.1.1 This test method describes the calibration or performance confirmation of the mass (or weight) scale of thermogravimetric analyzers and is applicable to commercial and custom-built apparatus. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers

ASTM D7442-08a 通过感应耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱测量法进行元素分析用流化床催化裂化催化剂的试样制备的标准实施规程

The chemical composition of catalyst and catalyst materials is an important indicator of catalyst performance and is a valuable tool for assessing parameters in a FCCU process. This practice will be useful to catalyst manufacturers and petroleum refiners for quality verification and performance evaluation, and to environmental authorities at the state and federal levels for evaluation and verification of various compliance programs. Catalysts and catalyst type materials are difficult to prepare for analysis by ICP, and although the techniques presented in this practice are common, there is wide variation among laboratories in sample pretreatment and digestion recipes. This practice is intended to standardize these variables in order to facilitate the utility of comparative data among manufacturers, refiners, and regulatory agencies.1.1 This practice covers uniform dissolution techniques for preparing samples of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCC) and exchanged zeolitic materials for analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). These techniques describe standardized approaches to well-known, widely used laboratory practices of sample preparation utilizing acid digestions and borate salt fusions. This practice is applicable to fresh and equilibrium FCC catalysts and exchanged zeolite materials. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts and Zeolites for Elemental Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

ASTM C1163-08 测定使用氟化钕α光谱法用的锕系素的试验方法

The determination of actinides by alpha spectrometry is an essential function of many environmental programs. Alpha spectrometry allows the identification and quantification of most alpha-emitting actinides. Although numerous separation methods are used, the final sample preparation technique has historically been by electrodeposition. However, electrodeposition may have some drawbacks, such as time required, incompatibility with prior chemistry, thick deposits, and low recoveries. These problems may be minimized using the neodymium fluoride method. The sample mounting technique described in this practice is rapid, adds an additional purification step, since only those elements that form insoluble fluorides are mounted, and the sample and filter media can be dissolved and remounted if problems occur. The recoveries are better and resolution approaches normal electrodeposited samples. Recoveries are sufficiently high that for survey work, if quantitative recoveries are not necessary, tracers can be omitted. Drawbacks to this technique include use of very hazardous hydrofluoric acid and the possibility of a non-reproducible and ill-defined counting geometry from filters that are not flat. Also, although the total turn around time for coprecipitation may be less than for electrodeposition, coprecipitation requires more time and attention from the analyst.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of separated fractions of actinides for alpha spectrometry as an alternate to electrodeposition. It is applicable to any of the actinides that can be dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid. Examples of applicable samples would be the final elution from an ion exchange separation or the final strip from a solvent extraction separation. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 9.

Standard Practice for Mounting Actinides for Alpha Spectrometry Using Neodymium Fluoride

ASTM D6132-08 用超声波仪表对外施的有机涂层的干膜厚度进行无损测量的标准试验方法

p>Many coating properties are markedly affected by the film thickness of the dry film such as adhesion, flexibility, and hardness. To be able to compare results obtained by different operators, it is essential to measure film thickness carefully. Most protective and high performance coatings are applied to meet a requirement or a specification for the dry-film thickness of each coat, or for the complete system, or both. Coatings must be applied within certain minimum and maximum thickness tolerances in order that they can fulfill their intended function. In addition to potential performance deficiencies, it is uneconomical to apply more material than necessary when coating large areas such as floors and walls. Surface roughness can affect the accuracy of this test method. A rough surface has a tendency to scatter the ultrasonic pulse and odd readings may occur occasionally. This test method may not be applicable to measure organic coating thickness on all substrates. The instrument's ability to detect a distinct interface between the coating and the substrate may be impeded if the coating and the substrate are of similar composition or if the coating is non-homogeneous. Verify operation on a known thickness of the coating/substrate combination if these circumstances are thought to exist. Multilayered coatings have many interfaces and the instrument will measure to the interface separating the two most acoustically different materials. Some instruments have the ability to detect and measure the individual layer thicknesses in a multi-layer system. The use of this test method is not necessarily limited by the type of substrate material as nondestructive magnetic-type or eddy current means.1.1 This test method covers the use of ultrasonic film thickness gages to measure accurately and nondestructively the dry film thickness of organic coatings applied over a substrate of dissimilar material. Measurements may be made on field structures, on commercially manufactured products, or on laboratory test specimens. These types of gages can accurately measure the dry film thickness of organic coatings on concrete, wood and wallboard substrates. 1.2 This test method is not applicable to coatings that will be readily deformable under load of the measuring instrument as the instrument probe is placed directly on the coating surface to take a reading. 1.3 The effective range of instruments using the principle of ultrasonics is limited by gage design. A thickness range of 0.3 to 600 mils (8 μm to 15 mm) has been demonstrated. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings Using an Ultrasonic Gage

ASTM D6144-08 用毛细管气相色谱对AMS(α-甲基苯乙烯)分析的标准试验

This test method is suitable for setting specifications on the materials referenced in 1.2 and for use as an internal quality control tool where AMS is produced or is used in a manufacturing process. It may also be used in development or research work involving AMS. This test method is useful in determining the purity of AMS with normal impurities present. If extremely high boiling or unusual impurities are present in the AMS, this test method would not necessarily detect them and the purity calculation would be erroneous.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of AMS (α-methylstyrene) by gas chromatography. Calibration of the gas chromatography system is done by the external standard calibration technique. 1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the measurement of impurities such as cumene, 3-methyl-2-cyclopentene-1-one, n-propylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, sec-butylbenzene, cis-2-phenyl-2-butene, acetophenone, 1-phenyl-1-butene, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, trans-2-phenyl-2-butene, m-cymene, p-cymene, and phenol, which are common to the manufacturing process of AMS. The method has also been found applicable for the determination of para-tertiary-butylcatechol typically added as a stabilizer to AMS. The impurities in AMS can be analyzed over a range of 5 to 800 mg/kg by this method. (See Table 1.) The limit of detection for these impurities is typically in the range of 5 to 10 mg/kg. (See Table 1.) 1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Analysis of AMS (x03B1;-Methylstyrene) by Capillary Gas Chromatography

ASTM E2008-08 用热重分析法测定挥发速度的标准试验方法

Volatility of a material is not an equilibrium thermodynamic property but is a characteristic of a material related to a thermodynamic property that is vapor pressure. It is influenced by such factors as surface area, temperature, particle size, and purge gas flow rate; that is, it is diffusion controlled. The extent of containment achieved for specimens in this test method by means of a pinhole opening between 0.33 to 0.38 mm allows for measurement circumstances that are relatively insensitive to experimental variables other than temperature. Decreasing the extent of containment by use of pinholes larger than 0.38 mm will increase the magnitude of the observed rate of mass loss but will also reduce the measurement precision by increasing the sensitivity to variations in other experimental variables. Results obtained by this test method are not strictly equivalent to those experienced in processing or handling conditions but may be used to rank materials for their volatility in such circumstances. Therefore, the volatility rates determined by this test method should be considered as index values only. The volatility rate may be used to estimate such quantifiable values as drying interval or the extent of volatile release from a process.DESIG: E 2281 08a ^TITLE: Standard Practice for Process and Measurement Capability Indices ^SIGNUSE: Process Capability8212;Process capability can be defined as the natural or inherent behavior of a stable process that is in a state of statistical control (1). A “state of statistical control” is achieved when the process exhibits no detectable patterns or trends, such that the variation seen in the data is believed to be random and inherent to the process. Process capability is linked to the use of control charts and the state of statistical control. A process must be studied to evaluate its state of control before evaluating process capability. Process Control8212;There are many ways to implement control charts, but the most popular choice is to achieve a state of statistical control for the process under study. Special causes are identified by a set of rules based on probability theory. The process is investigated whenever the chart signals the occurrence of special causes. Taking appropriate actions to eliminate identified special causes and preventing their reappearance will ultimately obtain a state of statistical control. In this state, a minimum level of variation may be reached, which is referred to as common cause or inherent variation. For the purpose of this standard, this variation is a measure of the uniformity of process output, typically a product characteristic. Process Capability Indices8212;The behavior of a process (as related to inherent variability) in the state of statistical control is used to describe its capability. To compare a process with customer requirements (or specifications), it is common practice to think of capability in terms of the proportion of the process output that is within product specifications or tolerances. The metric of this proportion is the percentage of the process spread used up by the specification. This comparison becomes the essence of all process capability measures. The manner in which these measures are calculated defines the different types of capability indices and their use. Two process capability indices are defined in 5.2 and 5.3. In practice, these indices are used to drive process improvement through continuous improvement efforts. These indices may be used to identify the need for management actions required to reduce common cause variation, compare products from different sources, and to compare processe......

Standard Test Method for Volatility Rate by Thermogravimetry

ASTM E1833-07 化学成分测定用铸型中泡铜取样的标准实施规程

This practice for sampling of cast blister copper is intended primarily to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these methods shall be trained samplers capable of performing common sampling procedures skillfully and safely. The selection of correct test pieces and the preparation of a representative sample from such test pieces are necessary prerequisites to every analysis. The analytical results will be of little value unless the sample represents the average composition of the material from which it was prepared.1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the sampling and sample preparation of cast blister copper for the determination of chemical composition.1.2 This practice is intended to cover the general principles of sampling applicable to cast blister copper forms.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling of Blister Copper in Cast Form for Determination of Chemical Composition

ASTM D7343-07 石油产品和润滑剂元素分析用X射线荧光光谱法的优化、制样、校正和鉴定的实施规程

Accurate elemental analyses of samples of petroleum and petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical properties, which are in turn used to establish compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications.1.1 This practice covers information relating to sampling, calibration and validation of X-ray fluorescence instruments for elemental analysis, including all kinds of wavelength dispersive (WDXRF) and energy dispersive (EDXRF) techniques. This practice includes sampling issues such as the selection of storage vessels, transportation, and sub-sampling. Treatment, assembly, and handling of technique-specific sample holders and cups are also included. Technique-specific requirements during analytical measurement and validation of measurement for the determination of trace elements in samples of petroleum and petroleum products are described. For sample mixing, refer to Practice D 5854. Petroleum products covered in this practice are considered to be a single phase and exhibit Newtonian characteristics at the point of sampling.1.2 Applicable Test MethodsThis practice is applicable to the XRF methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis: D 2622, D 4294, D 5059, D 6334, D 6443, D 6445, D 6481, D 7039, D 7212, and D 7220 and those under the jurisdiction of the Energy Institutes Test Method Standardization Committee: IP 228, IP 336, IP 352, IP 407, IP 433, IP 447, IP 475, IP 489, IP 496, IP 497, IP 503, IP 531, and IP 532.1.3 Applicable FluidsThis practice is applicable to petroleum and petroleum products with vapor pressures at sampling and storage temperatures less than or equal to 101 kPa (14.7 psi). Use Practice D 4057 or IP 475 to sample these materials. Refer to Practice D 5842 when sampling materials that also require Reid vapor pressure (RVP) determination.1.4 Non-applicable FluidsPetroleum products whose vapor pressure at sampling and sample storage conditions are above 101 kPa (14.7 psi) and liquefied gases (that is, LNG, LPG, etc.) are not covered by this practice.1.5 Sampling Methods The physical sampling and methods of sampling from a primary source are not covered by this guide. It is assumed that samples covered by this practice are a representative sample of the primary source liquid. Refer to Practice D 4057 or IP 475 for detailed sampling procedures.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Optimization, Sample Handling, Calibration, and Validation of X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Methods for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants

ASTM D1976-07 用电感耦合氩等离子原子发射光谱法对水中元素的标准试验方法

This test method is useful for the determination of element concentrations in many natural waters and wastewaters. It has the capability for the simultaneous determination of up to 20 elements. High sensitivity analysis can be achieved for some elements that are difficult to determine by other techniques such as Flame Atomic Absorption.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved, total-recoverable, or total elements in drinking water, surface water, domestic, or industrial wastewaters., 1.2 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for waters of untested matrices.1.3 Table 1 lists elements for which this test method applies, with recommended wavelengths and typical estimated instrumental detection limits using conventional pneumatic nebulization. Actual working detection limits are sample dependent and as the sample matrix varies, these detection limits may also vary. In time, other elements may be added as more information becomes available and as required.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 2 and Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

ASTM E305-07 建立和控制原子发射光谱化学分析曲线的标准实施规程

This practice is intended as a fundamental guide for the calibration, standardization, and daily control of the analytical curves for atomic emission spectrometers. It is assumed that this practice will be used by trained operators capable of performing the procedures described herein.1.1 This practice provides guidance for establishing and controlling atomic emission spectrochemical analytical curves. The generation of analytical curves and their routine control are considered as separate although interrelated operations. This practice is applicable to atomic emission spectrometers.Note 1X-ray emission spectrometric applications are no longer covered by this practice. See Guides E 1361 and E 1621 for discussion of this technique. 1.1.1 Since computer programs are readily available to run multiple linear regressions that can be used to generate analytical curves and since most instruments include this feature, this practice does not go into detail on the procedure. However, some recommendations are given on evaluating the equations that are generated.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Establishing and Controlling Atomic Emission Spectrochemical Analytical Curves

ASTM E827-07 用俄歇电子光谱仪的峰值识别元素的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice outlines the necessary steps for the identification of elements in a given Auger spectrum obtained using conventional electron spectrometers. Spectra displayed as either the electron energy distribution (direct spectrum) or the first derivative of the electron energy distribution are considered.1.2 This practice applies to Auger spectra generated by electron or X-ray bombardment of the specimen surface and can be extended to spectra generated by other methods such as ion bombardment.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Identifying Elements by the Peaks in Auger Electron Spectroscopy

ASTM D7183-07e1 紫外线荧光法测定芳烃和相关化合物中总硫度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of sulfur in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and related chemicals.1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with sulfur concentrations from 0.5 to 100 mg/kg.1.3 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

ASTM E1915-07 用燃烧红外线吸收光谱测定法分析含金属矿石和有关材料的标准试验方法

These test methods are primarily intended to test materials for compliance with compositional specifications and for monitoring. The determination of carbon and sulfur in ores and related materials is necessary to classify ores for metallurgical processing and to classify waste materials from the mining and processing of ores such as leach spoils, waste rock and tailings according to their potential to generate acid in the environment. This information is useful during mine development to assist in mining and mineral processing operations and proper disposal of waste materials. These test methods also may be used for the classification of rock to be used in construction, where the potential to generate acid under environmental conditions exists. It is assumed that the users of these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E 882 must be followed.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbon and sulfur in metal bearing ores and related materials such as tailings and waste rock within the following ranges:AnalyteApplication Range, %Quantitative Range, %Total Carbon0 to 100.08 to 10Total Sulfur0 to 8.80.023 to 8.8Note 1The test methods were tested over the following ranges: Total Carbon - 0.01 to 5.87 %Total Sulfur - 0.0002 to 4.70 %Residual Carbon from Pyrolysis - 0.002 to 4.97 %Residual Sulfur from Pyrolysis - 0.014 to 1.54 %Pyrolysis Loss Sulfur - 0 to 4.42 %Hydrochloric Acid Insoluble Carbon - 0.025 to 0.47 %Hydrochloric Acid Loss Carbon - 0 to 5.78 %Hydrochloric Acid Insoluble Sulfur - 0.012 to 4.20 %.Nitric Acid Insoluble Sulfur - 0.006 to 0.924 %Nitric Acid Loss Sulfur - -0.08 to 4.19 %Sodium Carbonate Insoluble Sulfur - 0.007 to 3.78 %1.2 The quantitative ranges for the partial decomposition test methods are dependent on the mineralogy of the samples being tested. The user of these test methods is advised to conduct an interlaboratory study in accordance with Practice E 1601 on the test methods selected for use at a particular mining site, in order to establish the quantitative ranges for these test methods on a site-specific basis.1.3 The test methods appear in the following order:1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.

Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and Related Materials by Combustion Infrared-Absorption Spectrometry

ASTM E70-07 带玻璃电极水溶液的pH值测量用标准试验方法

pH is, within the limits described in 1.1, an accurate measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration and thus is widely used for the characterization of aqueous solutions. pH measurement is one of the main process control variables in the chemical industry and has a prominent place in pollution control.1.1 This test method specifies the apparatus and procedures for the electrometric measurement of pH values of aqueous solutions with the glass electrode. It does not deal with the manner in which the solutions are prepared. pH measurements of good precision can be made in aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of electrolytes or water-soluble organic compounds, or both. It should be understood, however, that pH measurements in such solutions are only a semiquantitative indication of hydrogen ion concentration or activity. The measured pH will yield an accurate result for these quantities only when the composition of the medium matches approximately that of the standard reference solutions. In general, this test method will not give an accurate measure of hydrogen ion activity unless the pH lies between 2 and 12 and the concentration of neither electrolytes nor nonelectrolytes exceeds 0.1 mol/L (M).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the Glass Electrode

ASTM E2008-07 用热重分析法测定挥发速度的标准试验方法

Volatility of a material is not an equilibrium thermodynamic property but is a characteristic of a material related to a thermodynamic property that is vapor pressure. It is influenced by such factors as surface area, temperature, particle size, and purge gas flow rate; that is, it is diffusion controlled. The extent of containment achieved for specimens in this test method by means of a pinhole opening between 0.33 to 0.38 mm allows for measurement circumstances that are relatively insensitive to experimental variables other than temperature. Decreasing the extent of containment by use of pinholes larger than 0.38 mm will increase the magnitude of the observed rate of mass loss but will also reduce the measurement precision by increasing the sensitivity to variations in other experimental variables. Results obtained by this test method are not strictly equivalent to those experienced in processing or handling conditions but may be used to rank materials for their volatility in such circumstances. Therefore, the volatility rates determined by this test method should be considered as index values only. The volatility rate may be used to estimate such quantifiable values as drying interval or the extent of volatile release from a process.1.1 This test method covers procedures for assessing the volatility of solids and liquids at given temperatures using thermogravimetry under prescribed experimental conditions. Results of this test method are obtained as volatility rates expressed as mass per unit time. Rates 5 g/min are achievable with this test method.1.2 Temperatures typical for this test method are within the range from 25176;C to 500176;C. This temperature range may differ depending upon the instrumentation used.1.3 This test method is intended to provide a value for the volatility rate of a sample using a thermogravimetric analysis measurement on a single representative specimen. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to determine the need for and the number of repetitive measurements on fresh specimens necessary to satisfy end use requirements.1.4 Computer- or electronic-based instruments, techniques, or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be used.Note 1Users of this test method are expressly advised that all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use.1.5 SI units are the standard.1.6 There is no ISO method equivalent to this standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volatility Rate by Thermogravimetry

ASTM D7183-07 紫外线荧光法测定芳烃和相关化合物中总硫度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of sulfur in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and related chemicals.1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with sulfur concentrations from 0.5 to 100 mg/kg.1.3 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

ASTM E1898-07 用火焰原子吸收光谱测定法测定铜精矿中银的标准试验方法

In the primary metallurgical processes used by the mineral processing industry for copper bearing ores, copper and silver associated with sulfide mineralization are concentrated by the process of flotation for recovery of the metals. This test method is intended to be a referee method for the determination of silver in copper concentrates. It is assumed that all who use this procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E 882.1.1 This test method covers the determination of silver in the range of 50 g/g to 1000 g/g by acid dissolution of the silver and measurement by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Copper concentrates are internationally traded within the following concentration ranges:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Silver in Copper Concentrates by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ASTM E1775-07 铅的现场提取和便携式电气化学或分光光度分析的性能评估用标准指南

This guide is intended for use in evaluating the performance of field-portable electroanalytical or spectrophotometric devices for lead determination, or both. Desired performance criteria for field-based extraction procedures are provided. Performance parameters of concern may be determined using protocols that are referenced in this guide. Example reference materials to be used in assessing the performance of field-portable lead analyzers are listed. Exhaustive details regarding quality assurance issues are outside the scope of this guide. Applicable quality assurance aspects are dealt with extensively in references that are cited in this guide.1.1 This standard provides guidelines for determining the performance of field-portable quantitative lead analysis instruments.1.2 This guide applies to field-portable electroanalytical and spectrophotometric (including reflectance and colorimetric) analyzers.1.3 Sample matrices of concern herein include paint, dust, soil, and airborne particles.1.4 This guide addresses the desired performance characteristics of field-based sample extraction procedures for lead, as well as on-site extraction followed by field-portable analysis.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance of On-Site Extraction and Field-Portable Electrochemical or Spectrophotometric Analysis for Lead