71.040.50 (Physicochemical methods of analysis) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1727-04 用原子光谱法测定铅用土壤样品的现场采集用标准实用规程

1.1 This practice covers the collection of soil samples using coring and scooping methods. Soil samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent digestion and determination of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS), and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). 1.2 This practice is not suitable for collection of soil samples from areas that are paved. 1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number and location of samples) that are used for risk assessment and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples must be obtained as directed by a sampling plan. 1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Field Collection of Soil Samples for Lead Determination by Atomic Spectrometry Techniques

ASTM E169-04 紫外线可见光定量分析一般技术的标准规程

These practices are a source of general information on the techniques of ultraviolet and visible quantitative analyses. They provide the user with background information that should help ensure the reliability of spectrophotometric measurements. These practices are not intended as a substitute for a thorough understanding of any particular analytical method. It is the responsibility of the users to familiarize themselves with the critical details of a method and the proper operation of the available instrumentation.1.1 These practices are intended to provide general information on the techniques most often used in ultraviolet and visible quantitative analysis. The purpose is to render unnecessary the repetition of these descriptions of techniques in individual methods for quantitative analysis. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis

ASTM D6866-04a 使用放射性碳和同位素比率质谱分析法测定天然材料中生物基含量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods do not address environmental impact, product performance and functionality, determination of geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws.1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product containing carbon-based components that can be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas.1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basic principles of the instrumentation used although minimum requirements for instrument selection are referenced in the References section. However, the preparation of samples for the above methods is described. No details of instrument operation are included here. These are best obtained from the manufacturer of the specific instrument in use.1.4 Currently, there are no ISO test methods that are equivalent to the test methods outlined in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis

ASTM D6866-04 使用放射性碳和同位素比率质谱分析法测定天然材料中生物基含量的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods do not address environmental impact, product performance and functionality, determination of geographical origin, or assignment of required amounts of biobased carbon necessary for compliance with federal laws.1.2 These test methods are applicable to any product containing carbon-based components that can be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) gas.1.3 These test methods make no attempt to teach the basic principles of the instrumentation used although minimum requirements for instrument selection are referenced in the References section. However, the preparation of samples for the above methods is described. No details of instrument operation are included here. These are best obtained from the manufacturer of the specific instrument in use.1.4 Currently, there are no ISO test methods that are equivalent to the test methods outlined in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis

ASTM E1729-04 用原子光谱法测定铅用干涂料样品的现场采集用标准实用规程

1.1 This practice covers the collection of dried paint samples or other coatings from buildings and related structures. These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent digestion and determination of lead using laboratory analysis techniques such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). 1.2 This practice is used to collect samples for subsequent determination of lead on an area basis (milligrams of lead per area sampled) or concentration basis (milligrams of lead per gram of dried paint collected or weight percent). 1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan that includes the number and location of samples) that are used for risk assessment and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions, sufficient numbers of samples must be obtained as directed by a sampling plan. 1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Field Collection of Dried Paint Samples for Lead Determination by Atomic Spectrometry Techniques

ASTM E2056-04 使用代用品混合物校正的多变量分析中使用的分光计和分光光度计鉴定的标准规程

This practice should be used by the developer of standard test methods that employ surrogate calibrations. 5.1.1 This practice assists the test method developer in setting and documenting requirements for the spectrometer/spectrophotometers that can perform the test method. 5.1.2 This practice assists the test method developer in setting and documenting spectral data collection and computation parameters for the test method. 5.1.3 This practice assists the test method developer in selecting among possible multivariate analysis procedures that could be used to establish the surrogate calibration. The practice describes statistical tests that should be performed to ensure that all multivariate analysis procedures that are allowed within the scope of the test method produce statistically indistinguishable results. 5.1.4 This practice describes statistical calculations that the test method developer should perform on the calibration and qualification data that should be collected as part of the ILS that establishes the test method precision. These calculations establish the level of performance that spectrometers/spectrophotometers must meet in order to perform the test method. This practice describes how the person who calibrates a spectrometer/spectrophotometer can test the performance of said spectrometer/spectrophotometer to determine if the performance is adequate to conduct the test method. This practice describes how the user of a spectrometer/spectrophotometer can qualify the spectrometer/spectrophotometer to conduct the test method.1.1 This practice relates to the multivariate calibration of spectrometers and spectrophotometers used in determining the physical and chemical characteristics of materials. A detailed description of general multivariate analysis is given in Practice E1655. This standard refers only to those instances where surrogate mixtures can be used to establish a suitable calibration matrix. This practice specifies calibration and qualification data set requirements for interlaboratory studies (ILSs), that is, round robins, of standard test methods employing surrogate calibration techniques that do not conform exactly to Practices E1655.Note 1--For some multivariate spectroscopic analyses, interferences and matrix effects are sufficiently small that it is possible to calibrate using mixtures that contain substantially fewer chemical components than the samples that will ultimately be analyzed. While these surrogate methods generally make use of the multivariate mathematics described in Practices E1655, they do not conform to procedures described therein, specifically with respect to the handling of outliers.1.2 This practice specifies how the ILS data is treated to establish spectrometer/spectrophotometer performance qualification requirements to be incorporated into standard test methods.Note 2--Spectrometer/spectrophotometer qualification procedures are intended to allow the user to determine if the performance of a specific spectrometer/spectrophotometer is adequate to conduct the analysis so as to obtain results consistent with the published test method precision.1.2.1 The spectroscopies used in the surrogate test methods would include but not be limited to mid- and near-infrared, ultraviolet/visible, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopies.1.2.2 The surrogate calibrations covered in this practice are: multilinear regression (MLR), principal components regression (PCR) or partial least squares (PLS) mathematics. These calibration procedures are described in detail in Practices E1655.1.3 For surrogate test methods, this practice recommends limitations that should be placed on calibration options that are allowed in the test method. Specifically, this practice recommends that the test method developer demonstrate that al......

Standard Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectrophotometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated Using Surrogate Mixtures

ASTM E2193-04 单乙二醇的紫外线透射率的标准试验方法(紫外线光谱测定法)

Knowledge of the ultraviolet transmittance of monoethylene glycol is required to establish whether the product meets the requirements of its quality specifications. Dissolved oxygen in organic solvents, such as MEG, forms complexes that shift the solvent absorption from the vacuum ultraviolet range into the measurable UV range (near 190 to 250 nm). Monoethylene glycol has a UV absorption peak at 180 nm. For MEG-oxygen complexes, this peak is shifted to a longer wavelength, thus increasing the absorbability at 220 nm. 4.2.1 However, this effect is not observed in water. There is no significant measurable effect due to dissolved oxygen in water that would require nitrogen sparging prior to using for collection of the reference spectrum. 4.2.2 Nitrogen sparging and re-measurement of suspect or borderline glycol samples at 220 nm can be used as a tool to rule out or confirm the presence of UV affecting contaminants other than oxygen.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the transmittance of monoethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol; MEG) at wavelengths in the region 220 to 350 nm. The results provide a measure of the purity of the sample with respect to ultraviolet absorbing compounds.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 Review the current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.

Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Transmittance of Monoethylene Glycol (Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method)

ASTM C1605-04(2009) 使用波长色散X射线荧光光谱法进行白色陶瓷材料化学分析的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of ten major elements (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, P2O5, MnO, and LOI in ceramic whitewares clays and minerals using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF). The sample is first ignited, then fused with lithium tetraborate and the resultant glass disc is introduced into a wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The disc is irradiated with X-rays from an X-ray tube. X-ray photons emitted by the elements in the samples are counted and concentrations determined using previously prepared calibration standards. (1) In addition to 10 major elements, the method provides a gravimetric loss-on-ignition. Note 18212;Much of the text of this test method is derived directly from Major element analysis by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, included in Ref (1). 1.2 Interferences, with analysis by WDXRF, may result from mineralogical or other structural effects, line overlaps, and matrix effects. The structure of the sample, mineralogical or otherwise, is eliminated through fusion with a suitable flux. Fusion of the sample diminishes matrix effects and produces a stable, flat, homogeneous sample for presentation to the spectrometer. Selecting certain types of crystal monochromators eliminates many of the line overlaps and multiorder line interferences. A mathematical correction procedure (2) is used to correct for the absorption and enhancement matrix effects. 1.3 Concentrations of the elements in clays and minerals are determined independent of the oxidation state and are reported in the oxidation state in which they most commonly occur in the earth’s crust.

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Materials Using Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM E2008-04 用热解重量分析法测定挥发速率的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers procedures for assessing the volatility of solids and liquids at given temperatures using thermogravimetry under prescribed experimental conditions. Results of this test method are obtained as volatility rates expressed as mass per unit time. Rates 5 g/min are achievable with this test method.1.2 Temperatures typical for this test method are within the range from 25176;C to 500176;C. This temperature range may differ depending upon the instrumentation used.1.3 This test method is intended to provide a value for the volatility rate of a sample using a thermogravimetric analysis measurement on a single representative specimen. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to determine the need for and the number of repetitive measurements on fresh specimens necessary to satisfy end use requirements.1.4 Computer- or electronic-based instruments, techniques, or data treatment equivalent to this test method may also be used.Note 1Users of this test method are expressly advised that all such instruments or techniques may not be equivalent. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to determine the necessary equivalency prior to use.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volatility Rate by Thermogravimetry

ASTM C1605-04 使用波长色散X射线荧光光谱法进行白色陶瓷材料化学分析的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the determination of ten major elements (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O 3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, P 2O5, MnO, and LOI in ceramic whitewares clays and minerals using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF). The sample is first ignited, then fused with lithium tetraborate and the resultant glass disc is introduced into a wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The disc is irradiated with X-rays from an X-ray tube. X-ray photons emitted by the elements in the samples are counted and concentrations determined using previously prepared calibration standards.(1) In addition to 10 major elements, the method provides a gravimetric loss-on-ignition.Note 1Much of the text of this test method is derived directly from Major element analysis by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, included in Ref (1).1.2 Interferences, with analysis by WDXRF, may result from mineralogical or other structural effects, line overlaps, and matrix effects. The structure of the sample, mineralogical or otherwise, is eliminated through fusion with a suitable flux. Fusion of the sample diminishes matrix effects and produces a stable, flat, homogeneous sample for presentation to the spectrometer. Selecting certain types of crystal monochromators eliminates many of the line overlaps and multiorder line interferences. A mathematical correction procedure (2) is used to correct for the absorption and enhancement matrix effects.1.3 Concentrations of the elements in clays and minerals are determined independent of the oxidation state and are reported in the oxidation state in which they most commonly occur in the earths crust.1.4 Concentration ranges:1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Ceramic Whiteware Materials Using Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM E2409-04 一、二、三和四甘醇中甘醇杂质的标准试验方法(气相色谱法)

Knowledge of the impurities is required to establish whether the product meets the requirements of its specifications.1.1 This test method describes the gas chromatographic determination of glycol impurities in Mono-, Di- Tri- and Tetraethylene Glycol (MEG, DEG, TEG and TeEG) in the range of 5 to 3000 mg/kg.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 Review the current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Glycol Impurities in Mono-, Di-, Tri- and Tetraethylene Glycol (Gas Chromatographic Method)

ASTM E2310-04 利用中红外光谱学用带数据记录的曲线配合算法寻找光谱的使用的标准指南

1.1 Spectral searching is the process whereby a spectrum of an unknown material is evaluated against a library (database) of digitally recorded reference spectra. The purpose of this evaluation is classification of the unknown and, where possible, identification of the unknown. Spectral searching is intended as a screening method to assist the analyst and is not an absolute identification technique. Spectral searching is not intended to replace an expert in infrared spectroscopy. Spectral searching should not be used without suitable training.1.2 The user of this document should be aware that the results of a spectral search can be affected by the following factors described in Section : (1) Baselines, (2) sample purity, (3) Absorbance linearity (Beers Law), (4) sample thickness, (5) sample technique and preparation, (6) physical state of the sample, (7) wavenumber range, (8) spectral resolution, and (9) choice of algorithm.1.2.1 Many other factors can affect spectral searching results.1.3 The scope of this document is to provide a guide for the use of search algorithms for mid-infrared spectroscopy. The methods described herein may be applicable to the use of these algorithms for other types of spectroscopic data, but each type of data search should be assessed separately.1.4 The Euclidean distance algorithm and the first derivative Euclidean distance algorithm are described and their use discussed. The theory and common assumptions made when using search algorithms are also discussed, along with guidelines for the use and interpretation of the search results.

Standard Guide for Use of Spectral Searching by Curve Matching Algorithms with Data Recorded Using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy

ASTM E1655-04 红外多变量定量分析的标准规程

1.1 These practices cover a guide for the multivariate calibration of infrared spectrometers used in determining the physical or chemical characteristics of materials. These practices are applicable to analyses conducted in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region (roughly 780 to 2500 nm) through the mid infrared (MIR) spectral region (roughly 4000 to 400 cm-1).Note 18212;While the practices described herein deal specifically with mid- and near-infrared analysis, much of the mathematical and procedural detail contained herein is also applicable for multivariate quantitative analysis done using other forms of spectroscopy. The user is cautioned that typical and best practices for multivariate quantitative analysis using other forms of spectroscopy may differ from practices described herein for mid- and near-infrared spectroscopies.1.2 Procedures for collecting and treating data for developing IR calibrations are outlined. Definitions, terms, and calibration techniques are described. Criteria for validating the performance of the calibration model are described.1.3 The implementation of these practices require that the IR spectrometer has been installed in compliance with the manufacturer's specifications. In addition, it assumes that, at the times of calibration and of validation, the analyzer is operating at the conditions specified by the manufacturer.1.4 These practices cover techniques that are routinely applied in the near and mid infrared spectral regions for quantitative analysis. The practices outlined cover the general cases for coarse solids, fine ground solids, and liquids. All techniques covered require the use of a computer for data collection and analysis.1.5 These practices provide a questionnaire against which multivariate calibrations can be examined to determine if they conform to the requirements defined herein.1.6 For some multivariate spectroscopic analyses, interferences and matrix effects are sufficiently small that it is possible to calibrate using mixtures that contain substantially fewer chemical components than the samples that will ultimately be analyzed. While these surrogate methods generally make use of the multivariate mathematics described herein, they do not conform to procedures described herein, specifically with respect to the handling of outliers. Surrogate methods may indicate that they make use of the mathematics described herein, but they should not claim to follow the procedures described herein.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis

ASTM D7090-04 用毛细气相色谱法测定异佛尔酮纯度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of isophorone. This method also determines the impurities of the material in concentration level less than 0.5 mass %, which may include mesityl oxide (MSO), mesityl oxide-isomer, mesitylene, trimethyl cyclohexenone (TMCH), phorone, phorone-isomer, xylitone, and tetralone. 1.2 Water cannot be determined by this test method and shall be measured by other appropriate ASTM procedure. The result is used to normalize the chromatographic data determined by this test method.1.3 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding - off method of Practice E 29.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Purity of Isophorone by Capillary Gas Chromatography

ASTM C1590-04 感应耦合等离子体质谱法的交替锕系校正的标准规程

One of the benefits of this standard practice is the ability to calibrate for the analysis of highly radioactive actinides using calibration standards at much lower specific activities (that is, 232Th and 238U). Environmental laboratories may find this standard practice useful if facilities are not available to handle the highly radioactive standards of the individual actinides of interest. The degree of actual mass bias is variable and is dependent upon instrument tune parameters. This standard practice uses universal interference equations to derive a mass bias correction that is specific to the instrument parameters and tune used for sample data acquisition and not based on a historical average. Mass bias correction uses the instrument software interference equations and does not require additional subsequent off-line calculations. The methodology that this standard practice is based on has been used for the determination of 232Th and 237Np in enriched uranium solutions and the determination of 241Am in plutonium and uranium legacy oxides following dissolution and ion extraction chromatography separation.1.1 This standard practice provides guidance for an alternate linear calibration for the determination of selected actinide isotopes in appropriately prepared aqueous solutions by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). This alternate calibration is mass bias adjusted using thorium-232 (232Th) and uranium-238 (238U) standards. One of the benefits of this standard practice is the ability to calibrate for the analysis of highly radioactive actinides using calibration standards at much lower specific activities. Environmental laboratories may find this standard practice useful if facilities are not available to handle the highly radioactive standards of the individual actinides of interest.1.2 The instrument response for a series of determinations of known concentration of 232Th and 238U defines the mass versus response relationship. For each standard concentration, the slope of the line defined by 232Th and 238U is used to derive linear calibration curves for each mass of interest using interference equations. The mass bias corrected calibration curves, although generated from interference equations, are specific to the instrument operating parameters and tuning in effect at the time of data acquisition. Because interference equations are part of the normal ICP-MS manufacturer's software package, this calibration methodology is widely applicable.1.3 For this standard practice, the actinide atomic mass range that has been studied is from amu 232-244. Guidance for an extended range of amu 228-248 is given in this practice.1.4 Using this practice, analyte concentrations are reported at each amu and not by element total (that is, 239Pu versus plutonium).1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Alternate Actinide Calibration for Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

ASTM D7085-04 X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定流化床催化裂化催化剂中的化学元素的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers several comparable procedures for the quantitative chemical analysis of up to 29 elements in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). Additional elements may be added.1.2 This guide is applicable to fresh FCC catalyst, equilibrium FCC catalyst, spent FCC catalyst, and FCC catalyst fines.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Determination of Chemical Elements in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF)

ASTM D7085-04e1 X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)测定流化床催化裂化催化剂中的化学元素的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers several comparable procedures for the quantitative chemical analysis of up to 29 elements in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). Additional elements may be added.1.2 This guide is applicable to fresh FCC catalyst, equilibrium FCC catalyst, spent FCC catalyst, and FCC catalyst fines.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Determination of Chemical Elements in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF)

ASTM C1590-04(2014) 电感耦合等离子体质谱法的交替锕系校正的标准操作规程

5.1 One of the benefits of this standard practice is the ability to calibrate for the analysis of highly radioactive actinides using calibration standards at much lower specific activities (that is,8201; 232Th and8201;238U). Environmental laboratories may find this standard practice useful if facilities are not available to handle the highly radioactive standards of the individual actinides of interest. 5.2 The degree of actual mass bias is variable and is dependent upon instrument tune parameters. This standard practice uses universal interference equations to derive a mass bias correction that is specific to the instrument parameters and tune used for sample data acquisition and not based on a historical average. 5.3 Mass bias correction uses the instrument software interference equations and does not require additional subsequent off-line calculations. 5.4 The methodology that this standard practice is based on has been used for the determination of8201;232Th and8201; 237Np in enriched uranium solutions and the determination of8201; 241Am in plutonium and uranium legacy oxides following dissolution and ion extraction chromatography separation. 1.1 This practice provides guidance for an alternate linear calibration for the determination of selected actinide isotopes in appropriately prepared aqueous solutions by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). This alternate calibration is mass bias adjusted using thorium-232 (232Th) and uranium-238 (238U) standards. One of the benefits of this standard practice is the ability to calibrate for the analysis of highly radioactive actinides using calibration standards at much lower specific activities. Environmental laboratories may find this standard practice useful if facilities are not available to handle the highly radioactive standards of the individual actinides of interest. 1.2 The instrument response for a series of determinations of known concentration of8201;232Th and8201;238U defines the mass versus response relationship. For each standard concentration, the slope of the line defined by8201;232Th and8201; 238U is used to derive linear calibration curves for each mass of interest using interference equations. The mass bias corrected calibration curves, although generated from interference equations, are specific to the instrument operating parameters and tuning in effect at the time of data acquisition. Because interference equations are part of the normal ICP-MS manufacturer's software package, this calibration methodology is widely applicable. 1.3 For this standard practice, the actinide atomic mass range that has been studied is from amu 232–244. Guidance for an extended range of amu 228–248 is given in this practice. 1.4 Using this practice, analyte concentrations are reported at each amu and not by element total (that is,8201;239Pu versus plutonium). 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the a......

Standard Practice for Alternate Actinide Calibration for Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

ASTM E1790-04 近红外线定性分析的标准规程

1.1 This practice covers the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the qualitative analysis of liquids and solids. The practice is written under the assumption that most NIR qualitative analyses will be performed with instruments designed specifically for this region and equipped with computerized data handling algorithms. In principle, however, the practice also applies to work with liquid samples using instruments designed for operation over the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and mid-infrared (IR) regions if suitable data handling capabilities are available. Many Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) (normally considered mid-IR instruments) have NIR capability, or at least extended-range beamsplitters that allow operation to 1.2 [mu]m; this practice also applies to data from these instruments. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Near Infrared Qualitative Analysis

ASTM E1941-04 高熔点和活性金属及其合金中碳含量测定的标准试验方法

This test method is intended to test for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.1.1 This test method applies to the determination of carbon in refractory and reactive metals and their alloys in concentrations from 0.004 to 0.100 % (see Note 1).Note 18212;Actual instrument range might vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and according to sample size.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys