75.100 (Lubricants, industrial oils and related pr 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7596-14 使用直接成像综合测试仪对油进行自动颗粒计数和颗粒形状分类的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is intended for use in analytical laboratories including on-site in-service oil analysis laboratories. Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is often employed for wear metal analysis (Test Methods D5185 and D6595). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (Test Methods D445, D2896, D6304, and D7279). Molecular spectroscopy (Practice E2412) provides direct information on molecular species of interest including additives, lubricant degradation products and contaminating fluids such as water, fuel and glycol. Direct imaging integrated testers provide complementary information on particle count, particle size, particle type, and soot content. 5.2 Particles in lubricating and hydraulic oils are detrimental because they increase wear, clog filters and accelerate oil degradation. 5.3 Particle count may aid in assessing the capability of a filtration system to clean the fluid, determine if off-line recirculating filtration is needed to clean the fluid, or aid in the decision whether or not to change the fluid. 5.4 An increase in the concentration and size of wear particles is indicative of incipient failure or component change out. Predictive maintenance by oil analysis monitors the concentration and size of wear particles on a periodic basis to predict failure. 5.5 High soot levels in diesel engine lubricating oil may indicate abnormal engine operation. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle concentration, particle size distribution, particle shape, and soot content for new and in-service oils used for lubrication and hydraulic systems by a direct imaging integrated tester. 1.1.1 The test method is applicable to petroleum and synthetic based fluids. Samples from 2 to 150 mm2/s at 40°C may be processed directly. Samples of greater viscosity may be processed after solvent dilution. 1.1.2 Particles measured are in the range from 4 μm to ≥ 708201;μm with the upper limit dependent upon passing through a 1008201;μm mesh inlet screen. 1.1.3 Particle concentration measured may be as high as 58201;0008201;000 particles per mL without significant coincidence error. 1.1.4 Particle shape is determined for particles greater than approximately 20 µm in length. Particles are categorized into the following categories: sliding, cutting, fatigue, nonmetallic, fibers, water droplets, and air bubbles. 1.1.5

Standard Test Method for Automatic Particle Counting and Particle Shape Classification of Oils Using a Direct Imaging Integrated Tester

ASTM D6821-14 恒定剪切应力粘度计中传动线路润滑剂的低温粘度的标准试验方法

5.1 Viscosity of drive line lubricants at low temperature is critical for both gear lubrication and the circulation of the fluid in automatic transmissions. For gear oils (GOs), the issue is whether the fluid characteristics are such that the oil will flow into the channel dug out by the submerged gears as they begin rotating and re-lubricating them as they continue to rotate. For automatic transmission fluids, torque, and tractor fluids the issue is whether the fluid will flow into a pump and through the distribution system rapidly enough for the device to function. 5.2 The low temperature performance of drive line lubricant flow characteristics was originally evaluated by the channel test. In this test, a pan was filled to a specified depth of approximately 2.5 cm and then cooled to test temperature. The test was performed by scraping a channel through the full depth of the fluid and across the length of the pan after it had soaked at test temperature for a specified time. The time it took the fluid to cover the channel was measured and reported. The channel test was replaced by Test Method D2983 in 1971. 5.3 The results of this test procedure correlate with the viscometric measurements obtained in Test Method D2983.4 The correlation obtained is: where: V   =   the apparent viscosity measured by this test method, and VD2983   =   the apparent viscosity measured by Test Method D2983. 5.3.1 The equation was obtained by forcing the fit through zero. The coefficient of variation (R2) for this correlation is 0.9948. 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the viscosity of drive line lubricants (gear oils, automatic transmission fluids, and so forth) with a constant shear stress viscometer at temperatures from –408201;°C to 108201;°C after a prescribed preheat and controlled cooling to the final test temperature. The precision is stated for test temperatures from –408201;°C to –268201;°C. 1.2 The applicability of this particular test method to petroleum products other than drive line lubricants has not been determined. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard......

Standard Test Method for Low Temperature Viscosity of Drive Line Lubricants in a Constant Shear Stress Viscometer

ASTM D4684-14 用于测定低温时发动机油屈服应力和表观粘度的标准试验方法

5.1 When an engine oil is cooled, the rate and duration of cooling can affect its yield stress and viscosity. In this laboratory test, a fresh engine oil is slowly cooled through a temperature range where wax crystallization is known to occur, followed by relatively rapid cooling to the final test temperature. These laboratory test results have predicted as failures the known engine oils that have failed in the field because of lack of oil pumpability.4 These documented field failing oils all consisted of oils normally tested at –258201;°C. These field failures are believed to be the result of the oil forming a gel structure that results in either excessive yield stress or viscosity of the engine oil, or both. 5.2 Cooling Profiles:  5.2.1 For oils to be tested at8201;−208201;°C or colder, Table X1.1 applies. The cooling profile described in Table X1.1 is based on the viscosity properties of the ASTM Pumpability Reference Oils (PRO). This series of oils includes oils with normal low-temperature flow properties and oils that have been associated with low-temperature pumpability problems (1-5).5 Significance for the8201;−358201;°C and −408201;°C temperature profiles is based on the data collected from the “Cold Starting and Pumpability Studies in Modern Engines” conducted by ASTM (6,7). 5.2.2 For oils to be tested at8201;−158201;°C or8201;−108201;°C, Table X1.2 applies. No significance has been determined for this temperature profile because of the absence of appropriate reference oils. Similarly, precision of the test method using this profile for the8201;−108201;°C test temperature is unknown. The temperature profile of Table X1.2 is derived from the one in Table X1.1 and has been moved up in temperature, relative to Table X1.1, in consideration of the expected higher cloud points of the viscous oils tested at8201;−158201;°C and8201;−108201;°C. 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the yield stress and viscosity of engine oils after cooling at controlled rates over a period exceeding 45 h to a final test temperature between –108201;°C and –408201;°C. The precision is stated for test temperatures from –408201;°C to –158201;°C. The viscosity measurements are made at a shear stress of 525 Pa over a shear rate of 0.4 s–1to 15 s–1. The viscosity as measured at this shear stress was found to produce the best correlation between the temperature at which the viscosity reached a critical value and borderline pumping failure temperature in engines.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Yield Stress and Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils at Low Temperature

ASTM D5293-14 使用冷起动模拟器对5℃至35℃之间发动机油和基础油表观粘度的标准试验方法

5.1 The CCS apparent viscosity of automotive engine oils correlates with low temperature engine cranking. CCS apparent viscosity is not suitable for predicting low temperature flow to the engine oil pump and oil distribution system. Engine cranking data were measured by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) L-495 test with reference oils that had viscosities between 6008201;mPa·s and 8400 mPa·s (cP) at –17.88201;°C and between 2000 mPa·s and 208201;000 mPa·s (cP) at –28.98201;°C. The detailed relationship between this engine cranking data and CCS apparent viscosities is in Appendixes X1 and X2 of the 1967 T edition of Test Method D26026 and CRC Report 409.5 Because the CRC L-49 test is much less precise and standardized than the CCS procedures, CCS apparent viscosity need not accurately predict the engine cranking behavior of an oil in a specific engine. However, the correlation of CCS apparent viscosity with average CRC L-49 engine cranking results is satisfactory. 5.2 The correlation between CCS and apparent viscosity and engine cranking was confirmed at temperatures between –18201;°C and –408201;°C by work on 17 commercial engine oils (SAE grades 5W, 10W, 15W, and 20W). Both synthetic and mineral oil based products were evaluated. See ASTM STP 621.7 5.3 A correlation was established in a low temperature engine performance study between light duty engine startability and CCS measured apparent viscosity. This study used ten 1990s engines at temperatures ranging from –58201;°C down to –408201;°C with six commercial engine oils (SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, and 25W).8 5.4 The measurement of the cranking viscosity of base stocks is typically done to determine their suitability for use in engine oil formulations. A significant number of the calibration oils for this method are base stocks that could be used in engine oil formulations. 1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of apparent viscosity of engine oils and base stocks by cold cranking simulator (CCS) at temperatures between –58201;°C and –358201;°C at shear stresses of approximately 508201;0008201;Pa to 1008201;0008201;Pa and shear rates of approximately 105 to 104 s–1 for viscosities of approximately 9008201;mPa·s to 258201;000 mPa·s. The range of an instrument is dependent on the instrument model and software version installed. Apparent Cranking Viscosity results by this method are related to engine-cranking characteristics of engine oils. 1.2 A special procedure is provided for measurement of highly viscoelastic oils in manual instruments. See Appendix X2. 1.3 Procedures are provided for both manual and automated determination of the apparent viscosity of engine oils using the cold-cranking simulator. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,......

Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Engine Oils and Base Stocks Between ndash;5deg;C and ndash;35deg;C Using Cold-Cranking Simulator

ASTM D5704-14 评定手动传动和最后传动轴用润滑油热及氧化稳定性的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies. 5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents: 5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7 5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8 5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and 5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D. 1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard. 1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles

ASTM D6891-14 评估IVA序列火花点火发动机中汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive lubricant’s effect on controlling cam lobe wear for overhead valve-train equipped engines with sliding cam followers.Note 1—This test method may be used for engine oil specifications, such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3. 1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil to control camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition engines equipped with an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. This test method is designed to simulate extended engine idling vehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses a Nissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobe wear (measured at seven locations around each of the twelve lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear and measurement of iron wear metal concentration in the used engine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution of crankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and total oil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validity of the test results.2 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, or single source equipment specified. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A5 for specific safety precautions.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine

ASTM D6709-14 评估VIII序列火花点火发动机40;CLR油试验发动机41中汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection of engines against bearing weight loss. 5.2 This test method is also used to evaluate the SIG capabilities of multiviscosity-graded oils. 5.3 Correlation of test results with those obtained in automotive service has not been established. 5.4 Use—The Sequence VIII test method is useful for engine oil specification acceptance. It is used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as the following: 5.4.1 Specification D4485. 5.4.2 API Publication 1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System.6 5.4.3 SAE Classification J304. 1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of automotive engine oils (SAE grades 0W, 5W, 10W, 20, 30, 40, and 50, and multi-viscosity grades) intended for use in spark-ignition gasoline engines. The test procedure is conducted using a carbureted, spark-ignition Cooperative Lubrication Research (CLR) Oil Test Engine (also referred to as the Sequence VIII test engine in this test method) run on unleaded fuel. An oil is evaluated for its ability to protect the engine and the oil from deterioration under high-temperature and severe service conditions. The test method can also be used to evaluate the viscosity stability of multi-viscosity-graded oils. Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in the latest revision of Specification D4485. 1.2 Correlation of test results with those obtained in automotive service has not been established. Furthermore, the results obtained in this test are not necessarily indicative of results that will be obtained in a full-scale automotive spark-ignition or compression-ignition engine, or in an engine operated under conditions different from those of the test. The test can be used to compare one oil with another. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exceptions—The values stated in inch-pounds for certain tube measurements, screw thread specifications, and sole source supply equipment are to be regarded as standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are provided throughout this test method. 1.5 This test method is arranged as follows: Subject Section

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine 40;CLR Oil Test Engine41;

ASTM D893-14 用过的润滑油中不溶物的标准试验方法

5.1 Pentane insolubles can include oil-insoluble materials and some oil-insoluble resinous matter originating from oil or additive degradation, or both. 5.2 Toluene insoluble materials can come from (1) external contamination, (2 ) fuel carbon and highly carbonized materials from degradation of fuel, oil, and additives, or (3) engine wear and corrosion materials. 5.3 A significant change in pentane insolubles, toluene insolubles (with or without coagulant), and insoluble resins indicates a change in oil which could lead to lubrication system problems. 5.4 Insolubles measured can also assist in evaluating the performance characteristics of a used oil or in determining the cause of equipment failure. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of pentane and toluene insolubles in used lubricating oils. 1.2 Procedure A  covers the determination of insolubles without the use of coagulant in the pentane. It provides an indication of the materials that can readily be separated from the oil-solvent mixtures by centrifuging. 1.3 Procedure B  covers the determination of insolubles in oils containing detergents and employs a coagulant for both the pentane and toluene insolubles. In addition to the materials separated by using Procedure A, this coagulation procedure separates some finely divided materials that may be suspended in the oil.Note 1—Results obtained by Procedures A and B should not be compared since they usually give different values. The same procedure should be employed when comparing values obtained periodically on an oil in use or when comparing results determined by two or more laboratories. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7 and 9.1.1.

Standard Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils

ASTM D7455-14 元素分析用石油和润滑产品样品制备的标准实施规程

4.1 Crude oil, petroleum, petroleum products, additives, and lubricants are routinely analyzed for their elemental content such as chlorine, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and various metals using a variety of analytical techniques. Some of these test methods require little to no sample preparation; some others require only simple dilutions; while others require elaborate sample decomposition before the product is analyzed for its elemental content. 4.2 Fairly often it can be shown that the round robin results by a co-operator are all biased with respect to those from other laboratories. Presumably, the failure to follow good laboratory practices and instructions in the test methods can be a causal factor of such errors. A further consequence is an unnecessarily large reproducibility estimate or the data being dropped from the study as an outlier. 4.3 Uniform practice for sample preparation is beneficial in standardizing the procedures and obtaining consistent results across the laboratories. 1.1 This practice covers different means by which petroleum product and lubricant samples may be prepared before the measurement of their elemental content using different analytical techniques. 1.2 This practice includes only the basic steps for generally encountered sample types. Anything out of the ordinary may require special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations. 1.3 This practice is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats the test method contains, and additional sample preparation that may be required. 1.4 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods being used without thoroughly understanding the implications of such deviations. 1.5 This practice may also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Currently, work is ongoing in ASTM Subcommittee D02.03; as information becomes available, it will be added to this standard. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis

ASTM D6750-14 采用1K程序40;0.4%燃料硫41和1N程序40;0.04%燃料硫41评估高速, 单缸柴油发动机机油的标准试验方法

5.1 These are accelerated engine oil tests (known as the 1K and 1N test procedures), performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine using either mass fraction 0.48201;% sulfur fuel (1K test) or mass fraction 0.048201;% sulfur fuel (1N test), that give a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. 5.2 The 1K test was correlated with vehicles equipped with certain multi-cylinder direct injection engines used in heavy duty and high speed service prior to 1989, particularly with respect to aluminum piston deposits, and oil consumption, when fuel sulfur was nominally mass fraction 0.48201;%. These data are given in Research Report RR:D02-1273.9 5.3 The 1N test has been used to predict piston deposit formation in four-stroke cycle, direct injection, diesel engines that have been calibrated to meet 1994 U.S. federal exhaust emission requirements for heavy-duty engines operated on fuel containing less than mass fraction 0.058201;% sulfur. See Research Report RR:D02-1321.9 5.4 These test methods are used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category oils (API 1509). 5.5 These test methods are also used in diesel engine oil development. 1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by either the 1K (0.48201;% mass fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.048201;% mass fuel sulfur) procedure.3 The only difference in the two test methods is the fuel used. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston, the rings, and the liner are examined for distress and the rings for mobility. These test methods are required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for 1K, and CG-4 for 1N of Specification D4485. 1.2 These test methods, although based on the original Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures,3 also embody TMC information letters issued before these test methods were first published. These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes in these test methods by the issuance of information letters which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A15). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source equipment specified. Also Brake Specific Fuel Consumption is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour. 1.4 This standard does not ......

Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Enginemdash;1K Procedure 40;0.4?% Fuel Sulfur41; and 1N Procedure 40;0.04?% Fuel Sulfur41;

ASTM D6984-14 评估IIIF序列火花点火发动机中汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive engine oils for protection against oil thickening and engine wear during moderately high-speed, high-temperature service. 5.2 The increase in oil viscosity obtained in this test method indicates the tendency of an oil to thicken because of oxidation. In automotive service, such thickening can cause oil pump starvation and resultant catastrophic engine failures. 5.3 The deposit ratings for an oil indicate the tendency for the formation of deposits throughout the engine, including those that can cause sticking of the piston rings in their grooves. This can be involved in the loss of compression pressures in the engine. 5.4 The camshaft and lifter wear values obtained in this test method provide a measure of the anti-wear quality of an oil under conditions of high unit pressure mechanical contact. 5.5 The test method was developed to correlate with oils of known good and poor protection against oil thickening and engine wear. Specially formulated oils that produce less than desirable results with unleaded fuels were also used during the development of this test method. 5.6 The Sequence IIIF engine oil test has replaced the Sequence IIIE test and can be used in specifications and classifications of engine lubricating oils, such as: 5.6.1 Specification D4485, 5.6.2 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2104, and 5.6.3 SAE Classification J183. 1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines.Note 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in inches for ring gap measurements are to be regarded as standard, and where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source supply equipment specifications. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. 1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: Subject

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine

ASTM D3524-14 采用气相色谱法测定用过的柴油发动机油中柴油稀释剂的标准试验方法

5.1 Some fuel dilution of the engine oil may take place during normal operation. However, excessive fuel dilution is of concern in terms of possible performance problems. This method provides a means to determine the magnitude of the fuel dilution, providing the user with the ability to predict performance and to take appropriate action. 1.1 This test method covers the use of gas chromatography to determine the amount of diesel fuel in used engine lubricating oil. This test is limited to SAE 30 oil. The diesel fuel diluent is analyzed at concentrations up to 12 mass8201;%.Note 1—This test method may be applicable to higher viscosity grade oils. However, such oils were not included in the program used to develop the precision statement. 1.2 This test method is limited to gas chromatographs equipped with flame ionization detectors and temperature programmable ovens. Note 2—The use of other detectors and instrumentation has been reported. However, the precision statement applies only when the instrumentation specified is employed. 1.3 There is some overlap of the boiling ranges of diesel fuel and SAE 30 engine oils. Moreover, the boiling range of SAE 30 oils from various sources can vary appreciably. As a result, the calibration can be altered by as much as 28201;%, in terms of fuel dilution. When testing unknown or mixed brands of used engine oil, it should be realized that the precision of the method may be poorer than the precision obtained when calibrating with a new oil representative of the used oil being tested. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D5968-14 评估在121℃温度条件下柴油发动机油侵蚀作用的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method is intended to simulate the corrosion process of non-ferrous metals in diesel lubricants. The corrosion process under investigation is that believed to be induced primarily by inappropriate lubricant chemistry rather than lubricant degradation or contamination. This test method has been found to correlate with an extensive fleet database containing corrosion-induced cam and bearing failures. 1.1 This test method is used to test diesel engine lubricants to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specifically alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam followers and bearings. Correlation with field experience has been established.4 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 5.3.1, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 7.1.5, and 7.4.1.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 121?deg;C

ASTM D6681-14 采用卡特皮勒1P试验程序评估高速单缸柴油发动机中发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development. 1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety). 1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:   Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Enginemdash;Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure

ASTM D6794-14 在用不同量的水处理和加热6小时后测量对发动机油过滤性影响的标准试验方法

5.1 It is normal for some of the combustion products of an internal combustion engine to penetrate into the engine lubricant and be retained in it. 5.2 When an engine is run for a period of time and then stored over a long period of time, the by-products of combustion might be retained in the oil in a liquefied state. 5.3 Under these circumstances, precipitates can form that impair the filterability of the oil the next time the engine is run. 5.4 This test method subjects the test oil and the new oil to the same treatments such that the loss of filterability can be determined. 5.5 Reference oils, on which the data obtained by this test method is known, are available. 5.6 This test method requires that a reference oil also be tested and results reported. Two oils are available, one known to give a low and one known to give a high data value for this test method.Note 1—When the new oil test results are to be offered as candidate oil test results for a specification, such as Specification D4485, the specification will state maximum allowable loss of filterability (flow reduction) of the test oil as compared to the new oil. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of an oil to form a precipitate that can plug an oil filter. It simulates a problem that may be encountered in a new engine run for a short period of time, followed by a long period of storage with some water in the oil. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Effect on Filterability of Engine Oils After Treatment with Various Amounts of Water and a Long 40;6?h41; Heating Time

ASTM D5579-14 循环耐久性试验中人工传动装置润滑油热稳定性评定的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in deterioration of synchronizer performance. 5.2 This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such as the following: 5.2.1 (final API designation of PG-1), 5.2.2 Military Specification MIL-L-2105, 5.2.3 SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and 5.2.4 Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification. 1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures. 1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range. 1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer. 1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).2 The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.5.1 Exception—When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:   Section Scope 8199;1 Referenced Documents 8199;2 ......

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Thermal Stability of Manual Transmission Lubricants in a Cyclic Durability Test

ASTM D6594-14 评估在135℃温度条件下柴油发动机油侵蚀作用的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is intended to simulate the corrosion process of non-ferrous metals in diesel lubricants. The corrosion process under investigation is that believed to be induced primarily by inappropriate lubricant chemistry rather than lubricant degradation or contamination. This test method has been found to correlate with an extensive fleet database containing corrosion-induced cam and bearing failures.3 1.1 This test method covers testing diesel engine lubricants to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specifically alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam followers and bearings. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135?deg;C

ASTM D6593-14 评估防止使用汽油燃料且在加低温, 轻载条件下工作的火花点火内燃机内沉积物形成的汽车发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is used to evaluate an automotive engine oil's control of engine deposits under operating conditions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. This test method was correlated with field service data, determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police, taxi fleets, and delivery van services. The same field service oils were then used in developing the operating conditions of this test procedure. 5.2 This test method, along with other test methods, defines the minimum performance level of the API Category SL (detailed information about this category is included in Specification D4485). This test method is also incorporated in automobile manufacturers' factory-fill specifications. 5.3 The basic engine used in this test method is representative of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, should be considered when interpreting test results. 1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to as the Sequence VG test,2 and it has been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation.3 It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or specified single source equipment. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A1. 1.4 A Table of Contents follows:   Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

ASTM D6923-14 采用卡特皮勒1R试验程序评估高速单缸柴油发动机中发动机油的标准试验方法

5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring, and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development. 1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil's deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety). 1.4 The following is the Table of Contents: Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus and Installation 6  Intake Air System

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Enginemdash;Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure

ASTM D2272-14 用旋转式储气瓶测定蒸气涡轮机油氧化稳定性的标准试验方法

4.1 The estimate of oxidation stability is useful in controlling the continuity of this property for batch acceptance of production lots having the same operation. It is not intended that this test method be a substitute for Test Method D943 or be used to compare the service lives of new oils of different compositions. 4.2 This test method is also used to assess the remaining oxidation test life of in-service oils. 1.1 This test method2 utilizes an oxygen-pressured vessel to evaluate the oxidation stability of new and in-service turbine oils having the same composition (base stock and additives) in the presence of water and a copper catalyst coil at 150°C. 1.2 Appendix X1 describes a new optional turbine oil (unused) sample nitrogen purge pretreatment procedure for determining the percent residual ratio of RPVOT value for the pretreated sample divided by RPVOT value of the new (untreated) oil, sometimes referred to as a “% RPVOT Retention.” This nitrogen purge pretreatment approach was designed to detect volatile antioxidant inhibitors that are not desirable for use in high temperature gas turbines. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 Exception—Other units are provided in parentheses (psi, grams, and inches), because they are either the industry accepted standard or the apparatus is built according the figures in this standard, or both. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.2, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, and 6.10.

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel