75.160.20 (Liquid fuels) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7223-11(2015) 航空认证涡轮燃料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract. 1.2 This specification defines one specific type of aviation turbine fuel for civil use in the certification of aircraft. The specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of this aviation fuel from the refinery to the aircraft. 1.3 This specification does not include the fuels that are commonly used in aviation turbine engines. Those are listed in Specification D1655. 1.4 The aviation turbine fuel defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designed and certified for this fuel. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5.1 Exception—Units of pressure are also given in psi.

Standard Specification for Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel

ASTM D2700-11e1 汽车火花点火发动机燃料辛烷值的标准试验方法

Motor O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under severe conditions of operation. Motor O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines. Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation: 1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number except that this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number. 1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range. 1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex A1, A2.2.3.1, A2.2.3.3(6) and (9), A2.3.5, X3.3.7, X4.2.3.1, X4.3.4.1, X4.3.9.3, X4.3.12.4, and X4.5.1.8.

Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ASTM D4814-11a 汽车火花点火发动机燃料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements of automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines. 1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the period May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressure limits issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of the antiknock index with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1. This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance of each of the properties of this specification is shown in Appendix X1. 1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers. This specification does not apply to fuels that contain an oxygenate as the primary component, such as Fuel Methanol (M85). The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification. However, depending on oxygenate type, as oxygenate content increases above some threshold level, the likelihood for vehicle problems also increases. The composition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical consideration, but their properties, including volatility, are defined by this specification. In addition, the composition of unleaded fuel is subject to the rules, regulations, and Clean Air Act waivers of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorous contents, deposit control additive certification, and use of oxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact the EPA for the latest versions of the rules and additional requirements. 1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics are described in the research report on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. However, in addition to the legal requirements found in this research report, reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements found in this specification.

Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

ASTM D3948-11 航空涡轮机燃料水分离特征便携式分离仪测定的标准试验方法

This test method provides a measure of the presence of surfactants in aviation turbine fuels. Like Test Methods D2550 and D3602, this test method can detect carryover traces of refinery treating residues in fuel as produced. They can also detect surface active substances added to or picked up by the fuel during handling from point of production to point of use. Certain additives can also have an adverse effect on the rating. Some of these substances affect the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel. The Micro-Separometer has a measurement range from 50 to 100. Values obtained outside of those limits are undefined and invalid. In the event a value greater than 100 is obtained, there is a good probability that light transmittance was reduced by material contained in the fuel used to set the 100 reference level. The material was subsequently removed during the coalescing portion of the test, thus, the processed fuel had a higher light transmittance than the fuel sample used to obtain the 100 reference level resulting in the final rating measuring in excess of 100. Test Mode A function of the separometer will give approximately the same rating for Jet A, Jet A-1, MIL JP-5, MIL JP-7, and MIL JP-8 fuels as Test Methods D2550 and D3602. Using Mode A water separation characteristic ratings of Jet B and MIL JP-4 fuels will not necessarily be equivalent to Test Method D2550 but will give approximately the same rating as Test Method D3602. All Micro-Separometers have Test Mode A capability. The Test Mode B option is used to determine water separation ratings for MIL JP-4 fuels containing fuel system corrosion and icing inhibitors. These ratings are approximately the same as those obtained using Test Method D2550. Selection of Mode A or Mode B depends on the specific fuel and specification requirement. Table 1 identifies the recommended test method for various fuels. The basic difference between Modes A and B is the flow rate at which the water/fuel emulsion is forced through the standard fiberglass coalescer cell. The lapsed time required to force the emulsion through the coalescer cell in Mode A is 45 ± 2 s, whereas, Mode B requires 25 ± 1 s. TABLE 1 Applicable Test Mode for Various Fuels Available Test Mode(s) FuelApplicable Test Mode Jet AA Jet A-1A Jet BA MIL JP-5A MIL JP-7A MIL JP-8A MIL JP-4B1.1 This test......

Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer

ASTM D1655-11b 航空涡轮机燃料的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract. 1.2 This specification defines specific types of aviation turbine fuel for civil use in the operation and certification of aircraft and describes fuels found satisfactory for the operation of aircraft and engines. The specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuels from the refinery to the aircraft. 1.3 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification. 1.4 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designed and certified for this fuel. 1.5 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Airworthiness Information Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels

ASTM D7398-11 使用气象色谱分析法测定沸腾范围从100到615x00B0,C的脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)沸腾范围分布的标准试验方法

The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties. Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 to 357°C. The Specification D6751 value of 360°C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as an precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100°C and a final boiling point less than 615°C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. 1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated. 1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils). 1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points. 1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 to 615x00B0;C by Gas Chromatography

ASTM D6728-11 使用旋转圆盘电极原子发射光谱法测定燃气轮机和柴油发动机燃料中污染物的标准试验方法

Operating experience of gas turbines and diesel engines has shown that some of the ash-forming substances present in a fuel can lead to high temperature corrosion, ash deposition, and fuel system fouling. Ash-forming materials may be in a fuel as oil-soluble metallo-organic compounds as water-soluble salts or as solid foreign contamination. Their presence and concentration varies with the geographical source of a crude oil and they are concentrated in the residual fractions during the refining process. Although distillate fuel oils are typically contaminant free, ash-forming materials may be introduced later in the form of salt-bearing water or by contact with other petroleum products during transportation and storage. Specifications of gas turbine and diesel engine fuels and the significance of contamination and trace metals are detailed in Specifications D2880 and D975. Pre-conditioning of the fuel before it reaches the gas turbine or diesel engine has become a prerequisite for installations that use heavy petroleum fuel, and also for sites that use light distillate fuel oils. On-site fuel analysis to determine the extent of contamination is an integral part of a fuel quality management program. It is used first to determine the extent of the required treatment, and later, the effectiveness of the treatment. It starts with the delivery of the fuel, continues throughout fuel handling and ends only as the fuel is injected into the turbine or engine. Fuel contamination specifications vary among the different gas turbine manufacturers. However, without exception, each requires that contaminants must be as low as possible. In most power generation installations, it is the owner who has the responsibility of verifying fuel cleanliness in compliance with the turbine manufacturer''s warranty specifications. This leads to an on-site analytical instrument performance requirement of below 1.0 mg/kg for several elements.1.1 This test method covers the determination of contaminants and materials as a result of corrosion in gas turbine or diesel engine fuels by rotating disc electrode atomic emission spectroscopy (RDE-AES). 1.1.1 The test method is applicable to ASTM Grades 0-GT, 1-GT, 2-GT, 3-GT, and 4-GT gas turbine fuels and Grades Low Sulfur No. 1-D, Low Sulfur No. 2-D, No. 1-D, No. 2-D, and No. 4-D diesel fuel oils. 1.1.2 This test method provides a rapid at-site determination of contamination and corrosive elements ranging from fractions of mg/kg to hundreds of mg/kg in gas turbine and diesel engine fuels so the fuel quality and level of required treatment can be determined. 1.1.3 This test method uses oil-soluble metals for calibration and does not purport to quantitatively determine or detect insoluble particles. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. The preferred units are mg/kg (ppm by mass). 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Contaminants in Gas Turbine and Diesel Engine Fuel by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ASTM D93-11 用宾斯基·马丁密闭杯试验器测定闪点的标准试验方法

The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material. Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. One should consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications. Note 38212;The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and U.S. Department of Labor (OSHA) have established that liquids with a flash point under 37.8°C (100°F) are flammable, as determined by these test methods, for those liquids which have a kinematic viscosity of 5.8 mm 2/s (cSt) or more at 37.8°C or 9.5 mm 2/s (cSt) or more at 25°C (77°F), or that contain suspended solids, or have a tendency to form a surface film while under test. Other classification flash points have been established by these departments for liquids using these test methods. These test methods should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and an ignition source under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of these test methods may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. These test methods provide the only closed cup flash point test procedures for temperatures up to 370°C (698°F).1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 360°C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 to 190°C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus. Note 18212;Flash point determination as above 250°C can be performed, however, the precision has not been determined above this temperature. For residual fuels, precision has not been determined for flash points above 100°C. The precision of in-use lubricating oils has not been determined. Some specifications state a D93 minimum flash point below 40°C, however, the precision has not been determined below this temperature. 1.2 Procedure A is applicable to distillate fuels (diesel, biodiesel blends, kerosine, heating oil, turbine fuels), new and in-use lubricating oils, and other homogeneous petroleum liquids not included in the scope of Procedure B or Procedure C. 1.3 Procedure B is applicable to residual fuel oils, cutback residua, used lubricating oils, mixtures of petroleum liquids with solids, petroleum liquids that tend to form a surface film under test conditions, or are petroleum liquids of such kinematic viscosity that they are not uniformly heated under the stirring and heating conditions of Procedure A. 1.4 Procedure C is applicable to biodiesel (B100). Since a flash point of residual alcoh......

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

ASTM D7185-11a 低甲苯低二恶烷(LTLD)苯的标准规格

1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene. 1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier's Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.

Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene

ASTM D3241-11 航空涡轮机燃料热氧化稳定性的标准试验方法

The test results are indicative of fuel performance during gas turbine operation and can be used to assess the level of deposits that form when liquid fuel contacts a heated surface that is at a specified temperature.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for rating the tendencies of gas turbine fuels to deposit decomposition products within the fuel system. 1.2 The differential pressure values in mm Hg are defined only in terms of this test method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1.1, 7.2, 7.2.1, 7.3, 11.1.1, and Annex A3. A1.1.1 This method covers a procedure for visually rating the heater tube produced by Test Method D3241. A1.1.2 The final result from this test method is a tube color rating based on an arbitrary scale established for this test method plus two additional yes/no criteria that indicate the presence of an apparent large excess of deposit or an unusual deposit, or both.

Standard Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels

ASTM D3241-11a 航空涡轮机燃料热氧化稳定性的标准试验方法

The test results are indicative of fuel performance during gas turbine operation and can be used to assess the level of deposits that form when liquid fuel contacts a heated surface that is at a specified temperature.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for rating the tendencies of gas turbine fuels to deposit decomposition products within the fuel system. 1.2 The differential pressure values in mm Hg are defined only in terms of this test method. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1.1, 7.2, 7.2.1, 7.3, 11.1.1, and Annex A3. A1.1.1 This method covers a procedure for visually rating the heater tube produced by Test Method D3241. A1.1.2 The final result from this test method is a tube color rating based on an arbitrary scale established for this test method plus two additional yes/no criteria that indicate the presence of an apparent large excess of deposit or an unusual deposit, or both.

Standard Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels

ASTM D7319-11e1 用直接注入式抑制型离子色谱法,测量乙醇燃料中已存和潜在硫酸盐和无机氯化物的标准试验方法

Sulfates and chlorides can be found in filter plugging deposits and fuel injector deposits. The acceptability for use of the fuel components and the finished fuels depends on the sulfate and chloride content. Existent and potential inorganic sulfate and total chloride content, as measured by this test method, can be used as one measure of the acceptability of gasoline components for automotive spark-ignition engine fuel use.1.1 This test method covers a direct injection ion chromatographic procedure for determining existent and potential inorganic sulfate and total inorganic chloride content in hydrous and anhydrous denatured ethanol to be used in motor fuel applications. It is intended for the analysis of ethanol samples containing between 1.0–20 mg/kg of existent or potential inorganic sulfate and 1.0–50 mg/kg of inorganic chloride. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by Direct Injection Suppressed Ion Chromatography

ASTM D7321-11e1 采用实验室过滤法测试生物柴油B100调合生物柴油酯和生物柴油混合燃料的颗粒污染试验方法的标准试验方法

5.1 The mass of particulates present in a fuel is a significant factor, along with the size and nature of the individual particles, in the rapidity with which fuel system filters and other small orifices in fuel systems can become plugged. This test method provides a means of assessing the mass of particulates present in a fuel sample. 5.2 The test method can be used in specifications and purchase documents as a means of controlling particulate contamination levels in the fuels purchased. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of particulate contamination in B100 biodiesel in accordance with Specification D6751 and BXX blends that are prepared against all No. 1 and No. 2 grade fuels allowed within Specifications D396 and D975.Note 1—Middle distillate fuels with flash points less than 38°C have been ignited by discharges of static electricity when the fuels have been filtered through inadequately bonded or grounded glass fiber filter systems. See Guide D4865 for a more detailed discussion of static electricity formation and discharge. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Test Method for Particulate Contamination of Biodiesel B100 Blend Stock Biodiesel Esters and Biodiesel Blends by Laboratory Filtration

ASTM D1796-11 离心法测定燃料油中水分及沉淀物的标准试验方法(实验室法)

The water and sediment content of fuel oil is significant because it can cause corrosion of equipment and problems in processing. A determination of water and sediment content is required to measure accurately net volumes of actual fuel oil in sales, taxation, exchanges, and custody transfers. This test method may not be suitable for products that contain alcohols that are soluble in water. In cases where the impact on the results may be significant, the user is advised to consider using another test method, such as Test Method D6304.1.1 This test method describes the laboratory determination of water and sediment in fuel oils in the range from 0 to 30 % volume by means of the centrifuge procedure. Note 18212;With some types of fuel oils such as residual fuel oils or distillate fuel oils containing residual components, it is difficult to obtain water or sediment contents with this test method. When this situation is encountered, Test Method D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) or Test Method D473 (API MPMS Chapter 10.1) may be used. Note 28212;API MPMS Chapter 10.6 (Test Method D1796) along with API MPMS Chapter 10.3 (Test Method D4007) formerly superseded API Standard 2548. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see 6.1.

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)

ASTM D7740-11 金属分析石油产品和润滑剂的最优化,校准和原子吸收光谱法有效性的标准操作规程

Accurate elemental analysis of petroleum products and lubricants is necessary for the determination of chemical properties, which are used to establish compliance with commercial and regulatory specifications. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in the oil industry for elemental analysis. There are at least twelve Standard Test Methods published by ASTM D02 Committee on Petroleum Products and Lubricants for such analysis. See Table 1.1.1 This practice covers information on the calibration and operational guidance for elemental measurements using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). 1.1.1 AAS Related Standards8212;Test Methods D1318, D3237, D3340, D3605, D3831, D4628, D5056, D5184, D5863, D6732; Practices D7260 and D7455; and Test Methods D7622 and D7623. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants

ASTM D6751-11b 适合于中间馏分燃料的生物柴油燃料(B100)混合贮藏的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers biodiesel (B100) Grades S15 and S500 for use as a blend component with middle distillate fuels. 1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specification requirements may be applied at other points in the production and distribution system when provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. 1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive. Note 18212;The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

ASTM D7223-11 航空认证涡轮机燃料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract. 1.2 This specification defines one specific type of aviation turbine fuel for civil use in the certification of aircraft. The specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of this aviation fuel from the refinery to the aircraft. 1.3 This specification does not include the fuels that are commonly used in aviation turbine engines. Those are listed in Specification D1655. 1.4 The aviation turbine fuel defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designed and certified for this fuel. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

Standard Specification for Aviation Certification Turbine Fuel

ASTM D7566-11a 含合成碳氢化合物的航空涡轮机燃料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers the manufacture of aviation turbine fuel that consists of conventional and synthetic blending components. 1.2 This specification applies only at the point of batch origination. Aviation turbine fuel manufactured, certified and released to all the requirements of this specification, meets the requirements of Specification D1655 and shall be regarded as Specification D1655 turbine fuel. Once released to this specification (D7566) the requirements of this specification are no longer applicable: any recertification shall be done to D1655. Field blending of synthesized paraffinic kerosine (SPK) with D1655 fuel (which may on the whole or in part have originated as D7566 fuel) shall be considered batch origination in which case all of the requirements of this specification (D7566) apply, however the fuel shall be regarded as D1655 turbine fuel after certification and release. 1.3 This specification defines specific types of aviation turbine fuel that contain synthesized hydrocarbons for civil use in the operation and certification of aircraft and describes fuels found satisfactory for the operation of aircraft and engines. The specification is intended to be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation turbine fuels and synthetic blending components at the place of manufacture but can be used to describe the quality of aviation turbine fuels for contractual transfer at all points in the distribution system. 1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification. 1.5 While aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification can be used in applications other than aviation turbine engines, requirements for such other applications have not been considered in the development of this specification. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons

ASTM D7689-11 石油产品浊点的标准试验方法(微型方法)

The cloud point of petroleum products and biodiesel fuels is an index of the lowest temperature of their utility for certain applications. Wax crystals of sufficient quantity can plug filters used in some fuel systems. Petroleum blending operations require precise measurement of the cloud point. This test method can determine the temperature of the test specimen at which wax crystals have formed sufficiently to be observed as a cloud with a resolution of 0.1°C. This test method provides results that, when corrected for bias and rounded to the next lower integer (see 12.2), have been found equivalent to Test Method D2500. This test method determines the cloud point in a shorter time period than required by Test Method D2500.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the cloud point of petroleum products, biodiesel, and biodiesel blends, that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, using an automatic instrument. 1.2 This test method covers the range of cloud point temperatures from -50 to +6°C. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)

ASTM D7422-11 评估T-12废气再循环柴油机机油的标准试验方法

This test method was developed to evaluate the wear performance of engine oils in turbocharged and intercooled four-cycle diesel engines equipped with EGR and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. Obtain results from used oil analysis and component measurements before and after test. The test method may be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of the procedure are followed.1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating diesel engine oils for performance characteristics, including lead corrosion and wear of piston rings and cylinder liners in an engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and running on ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. This test method is commonly referred to as the Mack T-12. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 Exception8212;Where there is no direct SI equivalent, such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source supply equipment specifications. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A6 for specific safety precautions.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine