83.120 (Reinforced plastics) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D7332/D7332M-15 测量纤维增强聚合物基复合材料的紧固件拉通电阻的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is designed to produce fastener pull-through resistance data for structural design allowables, research and development. The procedures may be used to assess pull-through resistance for a variety of composite laminate thicknesses, fastener diameters, and fastener head styles. However, the flexibility of test parameters allowed by the variants makes meaningful comparison between datasets difficult if the datasets were not generated using identical test parameters. 5.2 Early composite pull-through tests using fasteners common to metal structures led to premature joint failures, and resulted in the development of fasteners specific for composite applications. These fasteners have larger heads and tails to reduce through-thickness compression stresses on the composite laminate. 5.3 General factors that influence the mechanical response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. 5.4 Specific factors that influence the pull-through resistance of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: hole diameter, fastener diameter, fastener head diameter, loading bar spacing to fastener hole diameter ratio (Procedure A), clearance hole diameter to fastener hole diameter ratio (Procedure B), diameter to thickness ratio, fastener torque, fastener or pin material, fastener or pin clearance, countersink angle and depth of countersink, type of grommet (if used), and type of support fixture. Fastener pull-through resistance properties which may be determined from this test method include initial sub-critical failure force/displacement, failure force, maximum force, and rupture displacement. 1.1 This test method determines the fastener pull-through resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus fibers. Fastener pull-through resistance is characterized by the force-versus-displacement response exhibited when a mechanical fastener is pulled through a composite plate, with the force applied perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2. 1.2 Two test procedures and configurations are provided. The first, Procedure A, is suitable for screening and fastener development purposes. The second, Procedure B, is configuration-dependent and is suitable for establishing design values. Both procedures can be used to perform comparative evaluations of candidate fasteners/fastener system designs. 1.3 The specimens described herein may not be representative of actual joints which may contain one or more free edges adjacent to the fastener, or may contain multiple fasteners that can change the actual boundary conditions.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite

ASTM D7332/D7332M-15a 测量纤维增强聚合物基复合材料的紧固件拉通电阻的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is designed to produce fastener pull-through resistance data for structural design allowables, research and development. The procedures may be used to assess pull-through resistance for a variety of composite laminate thicknesses, fastener diameters, and fastener head styles. However, the flexibility of test parameters allowed by the variants makes meaningful comparison between datasets difficult if the datasets were not generated using identical test parameters. 5.2 Early composite pull-through tests using fasteners common to metal structures led to premature joint failures, and resulted in the development of fasteners specific for composite applications. These fasteners have larger heads and tails to reduce through-thickness compression stresses on the composite laminate. 5.3 General factors that influence the mechanical response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. 5.4 Specific factors that influence the pull-through resistance of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: hole diameter, fastener diameter, fastener head diameter, loading bar spacing to fastener hole diameter ratio (Procedure A), clearance hole diameter to fastener hole diameter ratio (Procedure B), diameter to thickness ratio, fastener torque, fastener or pin material, fastener or pin clearance, countersink angle and depth of countersink, type of grommet (if used), and type of support fixture. Fastener pull-through resistance properties which may be determined from this test method include initial sub-critical failure force/displacement, failure force, maximum force, and rupture displacement. 1.1 This test method determines the fastener pull-through resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus fibers. Fastener pull-through resistance is characterized by the force-versus-displacement response exhibited when a mechanical fastener is pulled through a composite plate, with the force applied perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2. 1.2 Two test procedures and configurations are provided. The first, Procedure A, is suitable for screening and fastener development purposes. The second, Procedure B, is configuration-dependent and is suitable for establishing design values. Both procedures can be used to perform comparative evaluations of candidate fasteners/fastener system designs. 1.3 The specimens described herein may not be representative of actual joints which may contain one or more free edges adjacent to the fastener, or may contain multiple fasteners that can change the actual boundary conditions.

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Fastener Pull-Through Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite

ASTM D7264/D7264M-15 聚合物基复合材料弯曲性能的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method determines the flexural properties (including strength, stiffness, and load/deflection behavior) of polymer matrix composite materials under the conditions defined. Procedure A is used for three-point loading and Procedure B is used for four-point loading. This test method was developed for optimum use with continuous-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites and differs in several respects from other flexure methods, including the use of a standard span-to-thickness ratio of 32:1 versus the 16:1 ratio used by Test Methods D790 (a plastics-focused method covering three-point flexure) and D6272 (a plastics-focused method covering four-point flexure). 5.2 This test method is intended to interrogate long-beam strength in contrast to the short-beam strength evaluated by Test Method D2344/D2344M. 5.3 Flexural properties determined by these procedures can be used for quality control and specification purposes, and may find design applications. 5.4 These procedures can be useful in the evaluation of multiple environmental conditions to determine which are design drivers and may require further testing. 5.5 These procedures may also be used to determine flexural properties of structures. 1.1 This test method determines the flexural stiffness and strength properties of polymer matrix composites. 1.1.1 Procedure A—A three-point loading system utilizing center loading on a simply supported beam. 1.1.2 Procedure B—A four-point loading system utilizing two load points equally spaced from their adjacent support points, with a distance between load points of one-half of the support span. Note 1: Unlike Test Method D6272, which allows loading at both one-third and one-half of the support span, in order to standardize geometry and simplify calculations this standard permits loading at only one-half the support span. 1.2 For comparison purposes, tests may be conducted according to either test procedure, provided that the same procedure is used for all tests, since the two procedures generally give slightly different property values. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.4 This standard does no......

Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials

ASTM C297/C297M-15 夹层结构的平拉强度的标准试验方法

5.1 In a sandwich panel, core-to-facing bond integrity is necessary to maintain facing stability and permit load transfer between the facings and core. This test method can be used to provide information on the strength and quality of core-to-facing bonds. It can also be used to produce flatwise tensile strength data for the core material. While it is primarily used as a quality control test for bonded sandwich panels, it can also be used to produce flatwise tensile strength data for structural design properties, material specifications, and research and development applications. 5.2 Factors that influence the flatwise tensile strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: facing material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, facing stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness), core density, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, facing void content, adhesive void content, and facing volume percent reinforcement. Properties that may be derived from this test method include flatwise tensile strength. 1.1 This test method determines the flatwise tensile strength of the core, the core-to-facing bond, or the facing of an assembled sandwich panel. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb). 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions

ASTM D6818-14 轧制腐蚀控制产品的拉伸性能的标准试验方法

5.1 The strip test in this test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of Rolled Erosion Control Products since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. 5.1.1 In case of disagreement arising from differences in reported test values when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimen which are as homogeneous as possible and are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimen should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results in the light of the known bias. 1.1 This test method covers strip test procedures for determining the tensile properties of Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECP). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. 1.3 This standard does not apply to RECP's made of composite materials where the component providing the reinforcement cannot be tested for tensile strength with the procedure herein described. In this case, the established ASTM testing method, which is most appropriate for that material, shall be used instead. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ultimate Tensile Properties of Rolled Erosion Control Products

ASTM D4476/D4476M-14 纤维增强挤拉制塑料棒弯曲性能的标准试验方法

5.1 Flexural properties determined by this test method are especially useful for quality control and specification purposes. 5.2 The maximum axial fiber stresses occur on a line under the loading nose. The use of the semicircular cross section eliminates premature compression shear that has been noted in three-point flexure tests on full-round rods. 5.3 Flexural properties may vary with specimen depth, temperature, atmospheric conditions, and differences in rate of straining. 5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural properties of fiber-reinforced pultruded plastic rods. The specimen is a rod with a semicircular cross section, molded or cut from lengths of pultruded rods (see Fig. 1). This test method is designed for rods with a diameter of 1/2 in. or greater. Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. FIG. 1 Cross Section of Test Specimen 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Fiber Reinforced Pultruded Plastic Rods

ASTM D6484/D6484M-14 聚合物基复合层压制品的开孔抗压强度的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is designed to produce notched compressive strength data for structural design allowables, material specifications, research and development, and quality assurance. Factors that influence the notched compressive strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up, laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen geometry, (including hole diameter, diameter-to-thickness ratio, and width-to-diameter ratio), specimen preparation (especially of the hole), specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, loading procedure, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Properties that may be derived from this test method include open-hole (notched) compressive strength (OHC). 1.1 This test method determines the open-hole compressive strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Compressive Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

ASTM D4385-13 热固增强塑料挤塑制品表观缺陷分类的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice covers acceptance criteria for visual acceptance of thermosetting reinforced plastic pultruded rods, bars, shapes, and sheets. 1.2 This practice presents definitions of possible defects to serve as a guide for contracts, drawings, product specifications, and final inspection. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in Thermosetting Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Products

ASTM C394/C394M-13 夹层芯材剪切疲劳的标准试验方法

5.1 Often the most critical stress to which a sandwich panel core is subjected is shear. The effect of repeated shear stresses on the core material can be very important, particularly in terms of durability under various environmental conditions. 5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining the sandwich core shear fatigue response. Uses include screening candidate core materials for a specific application, developing a design-specific core shear cyclic stress limit, and core material research and development.Note 3—This test method may be used as a guide to conduct spectrum loading. This information can be useful in the understanding of fatigue behavior of core under spectrum loading conditions, but is not covered in this standard. 5.3 Factors that influence core fatigue response and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, core geometry (density, cell size, orientation, etc.), specimen geometry and associated measurement accuracy, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, loading frequency, force (stress) ratio and speed of testing (for residual strength tests).Note 4—If a sandwich panel is tested using the guidance of this standard, the following may also influence the fatigue response and should be reported: facing material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, adhesive thickness and adhesive void content. Further, core-to-facing strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facings in sandwich panels with the same core and facing materials. 1.1 This test method determines the effect of repeated shear forces on core material used in sandwich panels. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb). 1.2 This test method is limited to test specimens subjected to constant amplitude uniaxial loading, where the machine is controlled so that the test specimen is subjected to repetitive constant amplitude force (stress) cycles. Either shear stress or applied force may be used as a constant amplitude fatigue variable. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Shear Fatigue of Sandwich Core Materials

ASTM D5528-13 非方向性纤维增强聚合物基复合材料的模式I层间裂纹韧性的标准试验方法

5.1 Susceptibility to delamination is one of the major weaknesses of many advanced laminated composite structures. Knowledge of a laminated composite material's resistance to interlaminar fracture is useful for product development and material selection. Furthermore, a measurement of the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, independent of specimen geometry or method of load introduction, is useful for establishing design allowables used in damage tolerance analyses of composite structures made from these materials. 5.2 This test method can serve the following purposes: 5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effect of fiber surface treatment, local variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on G Ic of a particular composite material. 5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of GIc for composite materials with different constituents. 5.2.3 To compare quantitatively the values of GIc obtained from different batches of a specific composite material, for example, to use as a material screening criterion or to develop a design allowable. 5.2.4 To develop delamination failure criteria for composite damage tolerance and durability analyses. 1.1 This test method describes the determination of the opening Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, GIc, of continuous fiber-reinforced composite materials using the double cantilever beam (DCB) specimen (Fig. 1). 1.2 This test method is limited to use with composites consisting of unidirectional carbon fiber and glass fiber tape laminates with brittle and tough single-phase polymer matrices. This limited scope reflects the experience gained in round-robin testing. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials; however, certain interferences have been noted (see 6.5). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Mode I Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites

ASTM D5961/D5961M-13 高聚物基块复合板的轴承灵敏度的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method is designed to produce bearing response data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. The standard configuration for each procedure is very specific and is intended primarily for development of quantitative double- and single-shear bearing response data for material comparison and structural design. Procedures A and D, the double-shear configurations, with a single fastener loaded in shear and reacted by laminate tension or compression, are particularly recommended for basic material evaluation and comparison. Procedures B and C, the single-shear, single- or double-fastener configurations are more useful in evaluation of specific joint configurations, including fastener failure modes. The Procedure B specimen may be tested in either an unstabilized (no support fixture) or stabilized configuration. The unstabilized configuration is intended for tensile loading and the stabilized configuration is intended for compressive loading (although tensile loading is permitted). The Procedure C specimen is particularly well-suited for development of countersunk-fastener bearing strength data where a near-double-shear fastener rotational stiffness is desired. These Procedure B and C configurations have been extensively used in the development of design allowables data. 5.2 It is important to note that these four procedures, using the standard test configurations, will generally result in bearing strength mean values that are not of the same statistical population, and thus not in any way a “basic material property.” Note 2—Typically, Procedure D will yield slightly higher strengths than Procedure A (due to the finite edge distance, e, in Procedure A); while Procedure C will yield significantly higher strengths than Procedure B (due to the larger fastener rotation and higher peak bearing stress in Procedure B). For protruding head fasteners, Procedure D will typically yield somewhat higher results than Procedure C (due to both stress peaking and finite edge distance in Procedure C), and Procedures A and C yield roughly equivalent results. 5.3 It is also important to note that the parameter variations of the four procedures (tabulated in Section 4) provide flexibility in the conduct of the test, allowing adaptation of the test setup to a specific application. However, the flexibility of test parameters allowed by these variations makes meaningful comparison between datasets difficult if the datasets were not tested using the same procedure and identical test parameters. 5.4 General factors that influence the mechanical response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. 5.5 Specific factors that influence the bearing response of composite laminates and should therefore be reported include not only the loading method (either Procedure A, B, or C) but the following: (for all procedures) edge distance ratio, width to diameter ratio, diameter to thick......

Standard Test Method for Bearing Response of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

ASTM D3532/D3532M-12 碳纤维环氧树脂预浸料坯凝固时间的标准试验方法

This test method can be used to obtain the gel time of resin squeezed from prepreg tape or sheet material. This test is a useful measure for material acceptance. The gel time will vary with the test temperature. The temperatures specified in this test method are two of many temperatures often used in processing epoxy prepreg material. If other test temperatures are used, this is to be clearly noted as indicated in 9.1.2. Gel time is not recommended as a measure of outline (unacceptable degree of cross-linking). Use Resin Flow Test Method D3532, or Dynamic Viscosity Practice D4473.1.1 This test method covers the determination of gel time of carbon fiber-epoxy tape and sheet. The test method is suitable for the measurement of gel time of resin systems having either high or low viscosity. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.2.1 Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Gel Time of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Prepreg

ASTM D6264/D6264M-12 聚合物基复合材料集中准静态压痕损伤测量的标准试验方法

Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection. QSI testing can serve the following purposes: To simulate the force-displacement relationships of impacts governed by boundary conditions (1-7). These are typically relatively large-mass low-velocity hard-body impacts on plates with a relatively small unsupported region. Since the test is run slowly in displacement control, the desired damage state can be obtained in a controlled manner. Associating specific damage events with a force during a drop-weight impact test is often difficult due to the oscillations in the force history. In addition, a specific sequence of damage events may be identified during quasi-static loading while the final damage state is only identifiable after a drop-weight impact test. To provide an estimate of the impact energy required to obtain a similar damage state for drop-weight impact testing if all others parameters are held constant. To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated indentation force. To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for composite materials with different constituents. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and through-thickness locations, Fmax, Ea, and Emax, as well as the force versus indenter displacement curve. To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M. To measure the indentation response of the specimen with and without bending using the two specimen configurations (edge supported and rigidly backed). The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of composite structures of similar material, thickness, stacking sequence, etc. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a composite structure is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, thickness, stiffness, mass, support conditions, etc. Significant differences in the relationships between force/energy and the resultant damage state can result due to differences in these parameters. For example, properties obtained using the specimen supported over a circular hole would more likely reflect the damage resistance characteristics of an un-stiffened monolithic skin or web than that of a skin attached to sub-structure which resists out-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test specimen properties would be expected to be similar to those of a panel with equivalent length and width dimensions, in comparison to those of a panel significantly larger than the test specimen, which tends to divert a greater proportion of the energy into elastic deformation. The standard indenter geometry has a blunt, hemispherical tip. Historically, for the standard laminate configuration, this indenter geometry has generated a larger amount of internal damage for a given amount of external damage than is typically observed for similar indenters using sharp tips. Alternative indenter geometries may be appropriate depending upon the damage resistance characteristics being examined. For example, the use of sharp tip geometries may be appropriate for certain damage visibility and penetration resistance assessments. S......

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

ASTM D7136/D7136M-12 纤维增强聚合物基体复合材料抗落锤撞击损失测量的标准试验方法

Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane impact forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection. Drop-weight impact testing can serve the following purposes: To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated drop-weight impact force or energy. To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for composite materials with different constituents. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions, and through-thickness locations, F1, Fmax, E1 and Emax, as well as the force versus time curve. To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M. The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of composite structures of similar material, thickness, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a composite structure is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, thickness, stiffness, mass, support conditions, and so forth. Significant differences in the relationships between impact force/energy and the resultant damage state can result due to differences in these parameters. For example, properties obtained using this test method would more likely reflect the damage resistance characteristics of an unstiffened monolithic skin or web than that of a skin attached to substructure which resists out-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test specimen properties would be expected to be similar to those of a panel with equivalent length and width dimensions, in comparison to those of a panel significantly larger than the test specimen, which tends to divert a greater proportion of the impact energy into elastic deformation. The standard impactor geometry has a blunt, hemispherical striker tip. Historically, for the standard laminate configuration and impact energy, this impactor geometry has generated a larger amount of internal damage for a given amount of external damage, when compared with that observed for similar impacts using sharp striker tips. Alternative impactors may be appropriate depending upon the damage resistance characteristics being examined. For example, the use of sharp striker tip geometries may be appropriate for certain damage visibility and penetration resistance assessments. The standard test utilizes a constant impact energy normalized by specimen thickness, as defined in 11.7.1. Some testing organizations may desire to use this test method in conjunction with D7137/D7137M to assess the compressive residual strength of specimens containing a specific damage state, such as a defined dent depth, damage geometry, and so forth. In this case, the testing organization should subject several specimens, or a large panel, to multiple low velocity impacts at various impact energy levels using this test method. A relationship between impact energy and the desired damage parameter can then be developed. Subsequent drop weight impact and compressive residual strength tests can then be performed using specimens impacted at an interpolated energy level that is expected to produce the desired damage state......

Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event

ASTM D6742/D6742M-12 聚合物基体复合层压制品的填孔拉伸和压缩试验的标准操作规程

This practice provides supplemental instructions that allow Test Methods (for tension testing) and D6484/D6484M (for compression testing) to determine filled-hole tensile and compressive strength data for material specifications, research and development, material design allowables, and quality assurance. Factors that influence filled-hole tensile and compressive strengths and shall therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up, laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen geometry (including hole diameter, diameter-to-thickness ratio, and width-to-diameter ratio), specimen preparation (especially of the hole), fastener-hole clearance, fastener type, fastener geometry, fastener installation method, fastener torque (if appropriate), countersink depth (if appropriate), specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Properties that result include the following: Filled-hole tensile (FHT) strength, Fxfhtu. Filled-hole compressive (FHC) strength, Fxfhcu.1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying open-hole tension and compression test methods to determine filled-hole tensile and compressive strengths. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1. 1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods (for tension testing) and D6484/D6484M (for compression testing) with provisions for testing specimens that contain a close-tolerance fastener or pin installed in the hole. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, fastener selection, fastener installation method, and fastener hole tolerance) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Filled-Hole Tension and Compression Testing of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

ASTM D2290-12 用分离盘法测定塑料或增强塑料管表面环形抗拉强度的标准试验方法

4.1 Split disk and ring segment tensile tests, properly interpreted, provide reasonably accurate information with regard to the apparent tensile strength of plastic pipe when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made. 4.2 Ring tensile tests may provide data for research and development, engineering design, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and for special purposes. The test cannot be considered significant for applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Note 1???Procedure C has been used on polyethylene and polybutylene pipe to produce results equivalent to Quick Burst results (Test Method D1599) for 4 in. to 8 in. pipes. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative apparent tensile strength of most plastic products utilizing a split disk or ring segment test fixture, when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and test machine speed. This test method is applicable to reinforced-thermosetting resin pipe regardless of fabrication method. This test method also is applicable to extruded and molded thermoplastic pipe. Procedure A is used for reinforced-thermosetting resin pipe; Procedure B is used for thermoplastic pipe of any size; Procedure C is used for thermoplastic pipe with nominal diameter of 41/2 in. (110 mm) and greater. Procedure D is used for polyethylene pipe with a nominal diameter of 14 in. (350 mm) and greater and preferably having wall thickness 1 in. (25 mm) and greater. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile Strength of Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe

ASTM F1921-12 构成挠性腹板密封表面的热塑聚合物和混合物的热封强度 (热初粘度) 的标准试验方法

In form-fill operations, sealed areas of packages are frequently subject to disruptive forces while still hot. If the hot seals have inadequate resistance to these forces, breakage can occur during the packaging process. These test methods measure hot seal strength and can be used to characterize and rank materials in their ability to perform in commercial applications where this quality is critical.1.1 These two test methods cover laboratory measurement of the strength of heatseals formed between thermoplastic surfaces of flexible webs, immediately after a seal has been made and before it cools to ambient temperature (hot tack strength). 1.2 These test methods are restricted to instrumented hot tack testing, requiring a testing machine that automatically heatseals a specimen and immediately determines strength of the hot seal at a precisely measured time after conclusion of the sealing cycle. An additional prerequisite is that the operator shall have no influence on the test after the sealing sequence has begun. These test methods do not cover non-instrumented manual procedures employing springs, levers, pulleys and weights, where test results can be influenced by operator technique. 1.3 Two variations of the instrumented hot tack test are described in these test methods, differing primarily in two respects: (a) rate of grip separation during testing of the sealed specimen, and (b) whether the testing machine generates the cooling curve of the material under test, or instead makes a measurement of the maximum force observed following a set delay time. Both test methods may be used to test all materials within the scope of these test methods and within the range and capacity of the machine employed. They are described in Section 4. 1.4 SI units are preferred and shall be used in referee decisions. Values stated herein in inch-pound units are to be regarded separately and may not be exact equivalents to SI units. Therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. The operator of the equipment is to be aware of pinch points as the seal jaws come together to make a seal, hot surfaces of the jaws, and sharp instruments used to cut specimens. It is recommended that the operator review safety precautions from the equipment supplier.

Standard Test Methods for Hot Seal Strength (Hot Tack) of Thermoplastic Polymers and Blends Comprising the Sealing Surfaces of Flexible Webs

ASTM D7137/D7137M-12 损坏的聚合物基体复合板压缩残余强度特性的标准试验方法

Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance and damage tolerance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection. The residual strength data obtained using this test method is most commonly used in material specifications and research and development activities. The data are not intended for use in establishing design allowables, as the results are specific to the geometry and physical conditions tested and are generally not scalable to other configurations. Its usefulness in establishing quality assurance requirements is also limited, due to the inherent variability of induced damage, as well as the dependency of damage tolerance response upon the pre-existent damage state. The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage tolerance capability of composite structures of similar material, thickness, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage tolerance of a composite structure is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, stiffness, support conditions, and so forth. Significant differences in the relationships between the existent damage state and the residual compressive strength can result due to differences in these parameters. For example, residual strength and stiffness properties obtained using this test method would more likely reflect the damage tolerance characteristics of an un-stiffened monolithic skin or web than that of a skin attached to substructure which resists out-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test specimen properties would be expected to be similar to those of a panel with equivalent length and width dimensions, in comparison to those of a panel significantly larger than the test specimen. The reporting section requires items that tend to influence residual compressive strength to be reported; these include the following: material, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up orientation, laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, void content, volume percent reinforcement, type, size and location of damage (including method of non-destructive inspection), specimen/fixture alignment and gripping, time at temperature, and speed of testing. Properties that result from the residual strength assessment include the following: compressive residual strength FCAI, compressive force as a function of crosshead displacement, and surface strains as functions of crosshead displacement.1.1 This test method covers compression residual strength properties of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates, which have been subjected to quasi-static indentation per Test Method D6264/D6264M or drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M prior to application of compressive force. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites with multidirectional fiber orientations, and which are both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2. Note 18212;When used to determine the residual strength of drop-weight impacted plates, this test method is commonly referred to as the Compression After Impact, or CAI, method. 1.2 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular composite plate, previously subjected to a damaging event, whic......

Standard Test Method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite Plates

ASTM F1921/F1921M-12e1 热塑聚合物和混合物构成的挠性网状物密封表面热密封强度(热粘性)的标准试验方法

5.1 In form-fill operations, sealed areas of packages are frequently subject to disruptive forces while still hot. If the hot seals have inadequate resistance to these forces, breakage can occur during the packaging process. These test methods measure hot seal strength and can be used to characterize and rank materials in their ability to perform in commercial applications where this quality is critical. ^SCOPE: 1.1 These two test methods cover laboratory measurement of the strength of heatseals formed between thermoplastic surfaces of flexible webs, immediately after a seal has been made and before it cools to ambient temperature (hot tack strength). 1.2 These test methods are restricted to instrumented hot tack testing, requiring a testing machine that automatically heatseals a specimen and immediately determines strength of the hot seal at a precisely measured time after conclusion of the sealing cycle. An additional prerequisite is that the operator shall have no influence on the test after the sealing sequence has begun. These test methods do not cover non-instrumented manual procedures employing springs, levers, pulleys and weights, where test results can be influenced by operator technique. 1.3 Two variations of the instrumented hot tack test are described in these test methods, differing primarily in two respects: (a) rate of grip separation during testing of the sealed specimen, and (b) whether the testing machine generates the cooling curve of the material under test, or instead makes a measurement of the maximum force observed following a set delay time. Both test methods may be used to test all materials within the scope of these test methods and within the range and capacity of the machine employed. They are described in Section 4. 1.4 SI units are preferred and shall be used in referee decisions. Values stated herein in inch-pound units are to be regarded separately and may not be exact equivalents to SI units. Therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. The operator of the equipment is to be aware of pinch points as the seal jaws come together to make a seal, hot surfaces of the jaws, and sharp instruments used to cut specimens. It is recommended that the operator review safety precautions from the equipment supplier. 1.1 These two test methods cover laboratory measurement of the strength of heatseals formed between thermoplastic surfaces of flexible webs, immediately after a seal has been made and before it cools to ambient temperature (hot tack strength). 1.2 These test methods are restricted to instrumented hot tack testing, requiring a testing machine that automatically heatseals a specimen and immediately determines strength of the hot seal at a precisely measured time after conclusion of the sealing cycle. An additional prerequisite is that the operator shall have no influence on the test after the sealing sequenc......

Standard Test Methods for Hot Seal Strength (Hot Tack) of Thermoplastic Polymers and Blends Comprising the Sealing Surfaces of Flexible Webs

ASTM D3531/D3531M-11 碳纤维环氧树脂预浸料树脂的流动性的标准试验方法

This test method is used to obtain the resin flow of carbon fiber-epoxy prepreg tape or sheet material. It is suitable for comparing lots of material of supposedly the same characteristics and also for comparative evaluation of materials produced by different vendors using different resin-fiber combinations. Composite parts are laminated from prepreg material at various pressures and temperatures. Production process design will require a flow test be run at a temperature and a pressure close to that of the actual molding conditions. All methods of measuring resin flow are dependent on the size and geometry of the specimen. This test method uses the smallest quantity of tape that will give reproducible results. The percent resin flow of a single fiber and resin system at a temperature and pressure varies with the volatile content, degree of advancement of epoxy resin, and with the resin content of the prepreg tape or sheet. As volatile content and degree of resin cure (advancement) change with time, this test method is useful in comparing the life of prepreg tape and sheet.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of resin flow that will take place from prepreg tape or sheet under given conditions of temperature and pressure. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.2.1 Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Resin Flow of Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Prepreg