A44 地球科学 标准查询与下载

BS ISO 19105:2001 地理信息.一致性及试验

This International Standard specifies the framework, concepts and methodology for testing and criteria to be achieved to claim conformance to the family of ISO geographic information standards. It provides a framework for specifying abstract test suites (ATS) and for defining the procedures to be followed during conformance testing. Conformance may be claimed for data or software products or services or by specifications including any profile or functional standard. Standardization of test methods and criteria for conformance to geographic information standards will allow verification of conformance to those standards. Verifiable conformance is important to geographic information users, in order to achieve data transfer and sharing. This International Standard is applicable to all the phases of conformance and testing. These phases are characterized by the following major activities: a) the definition of ATS for conformance to the ISO geographic information standards; b) the definition of test methods for conformance to the ISO geographic information standards; c) the conformance assessment process carried out by a testing laboratory for a client, culminating in the production of a conformance test report. This International Standard specifies the requirements for, and gives guidance on, the procedures to be followed in conformance testing for the ISO geographic information standards. It includes only such information as is necessary to meet the following objectives: 1) to achieve confidence in the tests as a measure of conformance; 2) to achieve comparability between the results of corresponding tests applied in different places at different times; 3) to facilitate communication between the parties responsible for the activities described in 1) and 2). This International Standard provides a framework for certification (an administrative procedure which may follow conformance testing) in informative annex B. The following topics are outside the scope of this International Standard. a) The description of requirements for procurement and contracts. b) Testing by means of test methods which are specific to particular applications or systems. c) Acceptance testing, performance testing and robustness testing. The framework established by this International Standard includes the concept of executable test suites (ETS). These, by their very nature, cannot be standardized; consequently, standardization of ETS is outside the scope of this International Standard.

Geographic information - Conformance and testing

BS ISO/TR 19121:2000 地理信息.成象和栅极数据

This Technical Report reviews the manner in which raster and gridded data is currently being handled in the Geomatics community in order to propose how this type of data should be supported by geographic information standards. This Technical Report identifies those aspects of imagery and gridded data that have been standardized or are being standardized in other ISO committees and external standards organizations, and that influence or support the establishment of raster and gridded data standards for geographic information. It also describes the components of those identified ISO and external imagery and gridded data standards that can be harmonized with the ISO 19100 series of geographic information/geomatics standards. A plan is presented for ISO/TC 211 to address imagery and gridded data in an integrated manner, within the ISO 19100 series of geographic information standards.

Geographic information - Imagery and gridded data

ASTM D6727-01(2007) 地球物理测量钻孔的标准指南.中子

An appropriately developed, documented, and executed guide is essential for the proper collection and application of neutron logs. This guide is to be used in conjunction with Standard Guide D 5753. The benefits of its use include improving selection of neutron logging methods and equipment; neutron log quality and reliability; usefulness of the neutron log data for subsequent display and interpretation. This guide applies to commonly used neutron logging methods for geotechnical applications. It is essential that personnel (see Section 8.3.2, Standard Guide D 5753) consult up-to-date textbooks and reports on the neutron technique, application, and interpretation methods.1.1 This guide is focused on the general procedures necessary to conduct neutron or neutron porosity (hereafter referred to as neutron) logging of boreholes, wells, access tubes, caissons, or shafts (hereafter referred to as boreholes) as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, ground-water and environmental (hereafter referred to as geotechnical) investigations. Neutron soil moisture measurements made using neutron moisture gauges, are excluded. Neutron logging for minerals or petroleum applications is excluded, along with neutron activation logs where gamma spectral detectors are used to characterize the induced gamma activity of minerals exposed to neutron radiation.1.2 This guide defines a neutron log as a record of the rate at which thermal and epithermal neutrons are scattered back to one or more detectors located on a probe adjacent to a neutron source.1.2.1 Induction logs are treated quantitatively and should be interpreted with other logs and data whenever possible.1.2.2 Neutron logs are commonly used to: ( 1) delineate lithology, and (2) indicate the water-filled porosity of formations (see Fig. 1).1.3 This guide is restricted to neutron logging with nuclear counters consisting of scintillation detectors (crystals coupled with photomultiplier tubes), or to He3-tube detectors with or without Cd foil covers or coatings to exclude thermalized neutrons.1.4 This guide provides an overview of neutron logging including: (1) general procedures; ( 2) specific documentation; (3) calibration and standardization, and (4) log quality and interpretation.1.5 To obtain additional information on neutron logs see References section in this guide.1.6 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Standard Guide D 5753.1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide should not be used as a sole criterion for neutron logging and does not replace education, experience, and professional judgment. Neutron logging procedures should be adapted to meet the needs of a range of applications and stated in general terms so that flexibility or innovation are not suppressed. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged without consideration of a project''s many unique aspects. The word standard in the title of this document means that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 The geotechnical industry uses English or SI units. The neutron log is typically recorded in units of counts per second (cps) or in percent porosity.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. The use of radioactive sources in ......

Standard Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging-Neutron

ASTM D6726-01 地球物理测量钻孔的标准指南.电磁感应

1.1 This guide is focused on the general procedures necessary to conduct electromagnetic-induction, induction, electromagnetic-conductivity, or electromagnetic-resistivity logging (hereafter referred as induction logging) of boreholes, wells, access tubes, caissons, or shafts (hereafter referred as boreholes) as commonly applied to geologic, engineering, ground-water and environmental (hereafter referred as geotechnical) investigations. Induction logging for minerals or petroleum applications is excluded.1.2 This guide defines an induction log as a record of formation electrical conductivity or resistivity with depth as measured by the induction method in a borehole.1.2.1 Induction logs are treated quantitatively and should be interpreted with other logs and data whenever possible.1.2.2 Induction logs are commonly used to: ( 1) delineate lithology; (2) evaluate formation water quality and effective porosity, and (3) correlate stratigraphy between boreholes.1.3 This guide is restricted to induction measurements that are at a frequency of less than 50 KHz; are non-directional; and average formation properties around the circumference of the borehole; which are the most common induction measurement devices used in geotechnical applications.1.4 This guide provides an overview of induction logging including (1) general procedures; ( 2) specific documentation; (3) calibration and standardization; and (4) log quality and interpretation.1.5 To obtain additional information on induction logs see References section in this guide.1.6 This guide is to be used in conjunction with Standard Guide D 5753.1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide should not be used as a sole criterion for induction logging and does not replace education, experience, and professional judgement. Induction logging procedures should be adapted to meet the needs of a range of applications and stated in general terms so that flexibility or innovation are not suppressed. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word standard in the title of this document means that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 The geotechnical industry uses English or SI units. The induction log is typically recorded in millisiemens per meter (mS/m) or millimhos per meter (mmhos/m).1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

Standard Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging-Electromagnetic Induction

ASTM D4448-01 地下水位监测井采样标准指南

1.1 This guide covers sampling equipment and procedures and "in the field" preservation, and it does not include well location, depth, well development, design and construction, screening, or analytical procedures that also have a significant bearing on sampling results.This guide is intended to assist a knowledgeable professional in the selection of equipment for obtaining representative samples from ground-water monitoring wells that are compatible with the formations being sampled, the site hydrogeology, and the end use of the data. 1.2 This guide is only intended to provide a review of many of the most commonly used methods for collecting ground-water quality samples from monitoring wells and is not intended to serve as a ground-water monitoring plan for any specific application. Because of the large and ever increasing number of options available, no single guide can be viewed as comprehensive. The practitioner must make every effort to ensure that the methods used, whether or not they are addressed in this guide, are adequate to satisfy the monitoring objectives at each site.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Sampling Ground-Water Monitoring Wells

ISO/TR 19121:2000 地理信息 形象化描述和方格坐标数据

This Technical Report reviews the manner in which raster and gridded data is currently being handled in the Geomatics community in order to propose how this type of data should be supported by geographic information standards. This Technical Report identifies those aspects of imagery and gridded data that have been standardized or are being standardized in other ISO committees and external standards organizations, and that influence or support the establishment of raster and gridded data standards for geographic information. It also describes the components of those identified ISO and external imagery and gridded data standards that can be harmonized with the ISO 19100 series of geographic information/geomatics standards. A plan is presented for ISO/TC 211 to address imagery and gridded data in an integrated manner, within the ISO 19100 series of geographic information standards.

Geographic information - Imagery and gridded data

DD ENV 12661-1999 地理学信息.参考.地理标识符

This European Prestandard establishes a schema for spatial referencing using geographic identifiers. It specifies how a system of geographic identifiers is described, and defines the attributes of a location and the contents of a gazetteer of locations. Spatial referencing based on coordinates is outside the scope of this standard. This European Prestandard is applicable not only to digital data, but also to other forms of geographic data such as maps, charts and textual documents.

Geographic information. Referencing. Geographic identifiers

BS DD ENV 12661:1999 地理信息.定基准.地理标识

This European Prestandard establishes a schema for spatial referencing using geographic identifiers. It specifies how a system of geographic identifiers is described, and defines the attributes of a location and the contents of a gazetteer of locations. Spatial referencing based on coordinates is outside the scope of this standard. This European Prestandard is applicable not only to digital data, but also to other forms of geographic data such as maps, charts and textual documents.

Geographic information - Referencing - Geographic identifiers

DZ/T 0002.4-1997 含煤岩系钻孔岩芯描述标准 煤岩煤相部分

本标准规定了钻孔烟煤、软褐煤煤芯的宏观类型描述方法和内容、煤相的初步划分、术语编码、煤岩煤相柱状困编制格式和图例。 本标准适用于钻孔烟煤、软褐煤宏观描述、硬褐煤、无烟煤，露头及坑道煤层的宏观描述也可参照使用。

Coal-bearing rock series drilling core description standard coal rock coal facies part

DZ/T 0002.3-1997 含煤岩系钻孔岩芯描述标准 岩性岩类部分

本标准规定了含煤岩系沉积岩的分类与命名，岩石分层、鉴定与描述的内容以及计算机编码的基本要求。 本标准适用于含煤岩系钻孔岩芯的地质编录和研究工作，是含煤岩系钻孔岩芯地质编录和研究工作的技术依据。

Coal-bearing rock series drilling core description standard lithology and rock types

ISO 2533:1975/Add 2:1997 标准大气 补充2:海拔5000m内高度与标准大气的函数关系

This is Addendum 2 to ISO 2533-1975 (Extension to-5000 m and standard atmosphere as a function of altitude in feet)

Standard atmosphere; Addendum 2: Extension to -5000 m and standard atmosphere as a function of altitude in feet

DZ/T 0181-1997 水文测井工作规范

本标准规定了水文测井工作的设计、仪器设备、井场施工、资料整理与处理、原始资料质量评定、成果提交、 以及安全与防护等方面的基本要求。 本标准适用于水文和地热地质勘查中的测井工作、矿产资源、工程和环境地质勘查中有关测井也可参照执行。

Specifications for hydrological logging work

DZ/T 0170-1997 浅层地震勘查技术规范

本标准规定了浅层地震勘查的设计、施工、记录质量评价和资料处理解释以及成果报告的编写、审查与评价等要求。 本标准适用于各种目的任务探测深度在几米至数百米范围的浅层地震勘查工作。在工作中除应符合本规程的要求外，还应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。

Shallow Seismic Exploration Technical Specifications

DIN 4049-3:1994 水文学.第3部分:定量水文学术语

The document gives a technical ordered survey of terms and definitions for quantitative hydrology of surface and underground waters.

Hydrology - Part 3: Terms for the quantitative hydrology

DIN 4049-1:1992 水文学.基本术语

The draft standard gives a technical ordered survey of terms and definitions for hydrology (basic terms).

Hydrology; basic terms

DIN 4049-2:1990 水文学.关于水质的术语

Hydrology; terms relating to quality of watersHydrologie; notions concernant la qualite des eaux

Hydrology; terms relating to quality of waters

ASTM D5126/D5126M-90(2010)e1 测定流区中测定液体传导指数现场比较法的标准指南

Saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements are made for a variety of purposes varying from design of landfills and construction of clay liners to assessment of irrigation systems. Infiltrometers are commonly used where infiltration or percolation rates through a surface or subsurface layer are desired. Evaluation of the rate of water movement through a pond liner is one example of this kind of measurement. Penetration of the liner by a borehole would invalidate the measurement of liner permeability. It has been noted that small-ring infiltrometers are subject to error due to lateral divergence of flow. Therefore, techniques using very large (1 to 2-m diameter) infiltration basins have been recommended for measuring the very slow percolation rates typically required for clay liners. The air-entry permeameter can be used instead of infiltrometer tests to avoid lateral divergence of flow. However, because a cylinder must be driven into the media tested, the actual soil column tested may be disrupted by introduction of the cylinder, especially in structured soils. Borehole tests for determining saturated hydraulic conductivity are applicable for evaluating the rate of water movement through subsurface layers. For slowly permeable layers, an accurate method of measuring the rate of water movement into1.1 This guide covers a review of the test methods for determining hydraulic conductivity in unsaturated soils and sediments. Test methods for determining both field-saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity are described. 1.2 Measurement of hydraulic conductivity in the field is used for estimating the rate of water movement through clay liners to determine if they are a barrier to water flux, for characterizing water movement below waste disposal sites to predict contaminant movement, and to measure infiltration and drainage in soils and sediment for a variety of applications. Test methods are needed for measuring hydraulic conductivity ranging from 1 × 10−2 to 1 × 10−8 cm/s, for both surface and subsurface layers, and for both field-saturated and unsaturated flow. 1.3 For these field test methods a distinction must be made between “saturated” (Ks) and “field-saturated”

Standard Guide for Comparison of Field Methods for Determining Hydraulic Conductivity in Vadose Zone

NF Z69-204:1983 地理位置定位用经度、纬度和高度的标准表示法

Standard representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations.

ISO 2533:1975 标准大气

Specifies the characteristics of the Atmosphere Type ISO which is applicable to planning under identical conditions, to test results end elements. Permits the unification in the range of tests and calibration of instruments. Is recommended for treatment of results of observations of geophysics and meteorology.

Standard Atmosphere

QJ 907-1985 标准地球参数

Standard Earth Parameters