D04 基础标准与通用方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5758-01(2011)e1 使用X射线衍射法测定沸石ZSM-5相对结晶度的的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the relative crystallinity of zeolite ZSM-5 using selected peaks from the X-ray diffraction pattern of the zeolite.1.2 The test method provides a number that is the ratio of intensity of a portion of the XRD pattern of the sample ZSM-5 to intensity of the corresponding portion of the pattern of a reference ZSM-5. The intensity ratio, expressed as a percentage, is then labeled percent XRD relative crystallinity/ZSM-5. This type of comparison is commonly used in zeolite technology and is often referred to as percent crystallinity.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite ZSM-5 by X-Ray Diffraction

ASTM D5758-01(2007)e1 X射线绕射法测定沸石ZSM-5相对结晶度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the relative crystallinity of zeolite ZSM-5 using selected peaks from the X-ray diffraction pattern of the zeolite.1.2 The test method provides a number that is the ratio of intensity of a portion of the XRD pattern of the sample ZSM-5 to intensity of the corresponding portion of the pattern of a reference ZSM-5. The intensity ratio, expressed as a percentage, is then labeled percent XRD relative crystallinity/ZSM-5. This type of comparison is commonly used in zeolite technology and is often referred to as percent crystallinity.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Crystallinity of Zeolite ZSM-5 by X-Ray Diffraction

MT/T 878-2000 煤矿巷道矿山压力显现观测方法

本标准规定了煤矿巷道矿山压力显现常规观测项目及仪器、测站与测点布置、观测方法和数据处理方法。 本标准适用于煤矿巷道矿山压力显现的观测。

Method of monitoring for behavior of rock pressure about the roadway in coal mines

MT/T 874-2000 缓倾斜煤层采煤工作面底板抗压入特性测定方法

本标准规定了缓倾斜煤层采煤工作面底板抗压入特性测定方法的总则，静压式仪和冲击式仪测定方法以及编写测定报告的内容与要求。 本标准适用于缓倾斜煤层采煤工作面底板抗压入特性的测定。

Testing methods of floor compressibilities for coal mining face under conditions of gently inclined seam

JIS M 8100 ERRATUM 1:2000 粉末材料.取样方法通则(勘误1)

Particulate materials -- General rules for methods of sampling (Erratum 1)

JIS M 0102:2000 采矿用术语汇集

この規格は，鉱山関係で用いる主な用語と，その読み方及び意味について規定する。

Glossary of terms used in mining

MT/T 866-2000 岩石冲击倾向性分类及指数的测定方法

Classification and laboratory test method on bursting liability of rock

MT/T 174-2000 煤层冲击倾向性分类及指数的测定方法

Classification and laboratory test method on bursting liability of coal

MT/T 865-2000 导水裂缝带高度的钻孔冲洗液漏失量观测方法

Measuring method on height of water flowing fractured zone using loses of drilling fluid

ASTM D6517-00(2005) 地下水样品现场保护的标准指南

Ground-water samples are subject to chemical, physical, and biological change relative to in- situ conditions at the ground surfaces as a result of exposure to ambient conditions during sample collection (for example, pressure, temperature, ultraviolet radiation, atmospheric oxygen, and contaminants) (1) (2).5 Physical and chemical preservation of samples minimize further changes in sample chemistry that can occur from the moment the ground-water sample is retrieved, to the time it is removed from the sample container for extraction or analysis, or both. Measures also must be taken to preserve the physical integrity of the sample container. The need for sample preservation for specific analytes should be defined prior to the sampling event and documented in the site-specific sampling and analysis plan in accordance with Guide D 5903. The decision to preserve a sample should be made on a parameter-specific basis as defined by individual analytical methods.1.1 This guide covers methods for field preservation of ground-water samples. Laboratory preservation methods are not described in this guide.1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word" Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Field Preservation of Ground-Water Samples

ASTM D6527-00 用稳态离心法测定多孔介质中不饱和和饱和液压传导性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydraulic conductivity, or the permeability relative to water, of any porous medium in the laboratory, in particular, the hydraulic conductivity for water in subsurface materials, for example, soil, sediment, rock, concrete, and ceramic, either natural or artificial, especially in relatively impermeable materials or materials under highly unsaturated conditions. This test method covers determination of these properties using any form of steady-state centrifugation (SSC) in which fluid can be applied to a specimen with a constant flux or steady flow during centrifugation of the specimen. This test method only measures advective flow on core specimens in the laboratory.1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determining Unsaturated and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Porous Media by Steady-State Centrifugation

ASTM D5878-00 工程技术用岩石分级系统的使用标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the selection of a suitable system of classification of rock mass for specific engineering purposes, such as tunneling and shaft-sinking, excavation of rock chambers, ground support, modification and stabilization of rock slopes, and preparation of foundations and abutements. These classification systems may also be of use in work on rippability of rock, quality of construction materials, and erosion resistance. Although widely used classification systems are treated in this guide, systems not included here may be more appropriate in some situations, and may be added to subsequent editions of this standard. 1.2 The valid, effective use of this guide is contingent upon the prior complete definition of the engineering purposes to be served and on the complete and competent definition of the geology and hydrology of the engineering site. Further, the person or persons using this guide must have had field experience in studying rock-mass behavior. An appropriate reference for geological mapping in the underground is provided by Guide D 4879. 1.3 This guide identifies the essential characteristics of each of the five included classification systems. It does not include detailed guidance for application to all engineering purposes for which a particular system might be validly used. Detailed descriptions of the five systems are presented in STP 984 with abundant references to source literature. 1.4 The range of applications of each of the systems has grown since its inception. This guide summarizes the major fields of application up to this time of each of the five classification systems. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Using Rock Mass Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes

ASTM D6517-00 地下水样品现场保护的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers methods for field preservation of ground-water samples. Laboratory preservation methods are not described in this guide.1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.2 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word" Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

Standard Guide for Field Preservation of Ground-Water Samples

ASTM D5873-00 用回弹锤法对岩石硬度测定的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the testing apparatus, sampling, test specimen preparation, and testing procedures for determinng the rebound hardness number of rock material using a spring-driven steel hammer, or concrete test hammer. 1.2 This test method is best suited for rock material with uniaxial compressive strengths (see Test Method D2938) ranging between approximately 1 and 100 MPa. 1.3 The portable testing apparatus may be used in the laboratory or field to provide a means of rapid assessment of rock hardness or to serve as an indicator of rock hardness. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Rock Hardness by Rebound Hammer Method

ASTM D5777-00(2011)e1 地震波折射法进行地质勘测的标准指南

Concepts: This guide summarizes the equipment, field procedures, and interpretation methods used for the determination of the depth, thickness and the seismic velocity of subsurface soil and rock or engineered materials, using the seismic refraction method. Measurement of subsurface conditions by the seismic refraction method requires a seismic energy source, trigger cable (or radio link), geophones, geophone cable, and a seismograph (see Fig. 1). The geophone(s) and the seismic source must be placed in firm contact with the soil or rock. The geophones are usually located in a line, sometimes referred to as a geophone spread. The seismic source may be a sledge hammer, a mechanical device that strikes the ground, or some other type of impulse source. Explosives are used for deeper refractors or special conditions that require greater energy. Geophones convert the ground vibrations into an electrical signal. This electrical signal is recorded and processed by the seismograph. The travel time of the seismic wave (from the source to the geophone) is determined from the seismic wave form. Fig. 2 shows a seismograph record using a single geophone. Fig. 3 shows a seismograph record using twelve geophones. The seismic energy source generates elastic waves that travel through the soil or rock from the source. When the seismic wave reaches the interface between two materials of different seismic velocities, the waves are refracted according to Snell''s Law (4, 8). When the angle of incidence equals the critical angle at the interface, the refracted wave moves along the interface between two materials, transmitting energy back to the surface (Fig. 1). This interface is referred to as a refractor. A number of elastic waves are produced by a seismic energy source. Because the compressional P-wave has the highest seismic velocity, it is the first wave to arrive at each geophone (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). The P-wave velocity Vp is dependent upon the bulk modulus, the shear modulus and the density in the following manner (4): where: Vp = compressional wave velocity, K = bulk modulus, μ = shear modulus, and ρ = density. The arrival of energy from the seismic source at each geophone is recorded by the seismograph (Fig. 3). The travel time (the time it takes for the seismic P-wave to travel from the seismic energy source to the geophone(s)) is determined from each waveform. The unit of time is usually milliseconds (1 ms = 0.001 s). The travel times are plotted against the distance between the source and the geophone to make a time distance plot. Fig. 4 shows the source and geophone layout and the resulting idealized time distance plot for a horizontal two-layered earth. The travel time of the seismic wave between the seismic energy source and a geophone(s) is a function of the distance between them, the depth to the refractor and the seismic velocities........

Standard Guide for Using the Seismic Refraction Method for Subsurface Investigation

ASTM D6527-00(2008) 用稳态离心法测定多孔介质中不饱和和饱和液压传导性的标准试验方法

Recent results have demonstrated that direct measurements of unsaturated transport parameters, for example, hydraulic conductivity, vapor diffusivity, retardation factors, thermal and electrical conductivities, and water potential, on subsurface materials and engineered systems are essential for defensible site characterization needs of performance assessment as well as restoration or disposal strategies. Predictive models require the transport properties of real systems that can be difficult to obtain over reasonable time periods using traditional methods. Using a SSC-UFA greatly decreases the time required to obtain direct measurements of hydraulic conductivity on unsaturated systems and relatively impermeable materials. Traditionally, long times are required to attain steady-state conditions and distributions of water because normal gravity does not provide a large enough driving force relative to the low conductivities that characterize highly unsaturated conditions or highly impermeable saturated systems (Test Method D 5084). Pressure techniques sometimes can not be effective for measuring unsaturated transport properties because they do not provide a body force and cannot act on the entire specimen simultaneously unless the specimen is saturated or near-saturated. A body force is a force that acts on every point within the system independently of other forces or properties of the system. High pressures used on saturated systems often induce fracturing or grain rearrangements and cause compaction as a result of high-point stresses that are generated within the specimen. A SSC-UFA does not produce such high-point stresses. There are specific advantages to using centrifugal force as a fluid driving force. It is a body force similar to gravity and, therefore, acts simultaneously over the entire system and independently of other driving forces, for example, gravity or matric potential. Additionally, in a SSC-UFA the acceleration can dominate any matric potential gradients as the Darcy driving force. The use of steady-state centrifugation to measure steady-state hydraulic conductivities has recently been demonstrated on various porous media (1,2). Several issues involving flow in an acceleration field have been raised and addressed by previous and current research (1,4). These studies have shown that compaction from acceleration is negligible for subsurface soils at or near their field densities. Bulk densities in these specimens have remained constant (±0.1 g/cm3) because the specimens are already compacted more than the acceleration can affect them. The notable exception is structured soils. Special arrangements must be made to preserve their densities, for example, the use of speeds not exceeding specific equivalent stresses. As an example, for most SSC-UFA specimen geometries, the equivalent pressure in the specimen at a rotation speed of 2500 rpm is about 2 bar. If the specimen significantly compacts under this pressure, a lower speed must be used. Usually, only very fine soils at dry bulk densities less than 1.2 g/cm3 are a problem. Whole rock, grout, ceramics, or other solids are completely unaffected by these accelerations. Precompaction runs up to the highest speed for that run are performed in the SSC-UFA prior to the run to observe any compaction effects. Three-dimensional deviations of the driving force as a function of position in the specimen are less than a factor of two. Theoretically, the situation under which unit gradient conditions are achieved in a SSC-UFA, in which the change in the matric potential with radial distance equals zero (dψ/dr = 0), is best at higher water flux densities, higher speeds, or coarser grain-size, or combination thereof. This is observed in pot........

Standard Test Method for Determining Unsaturated and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in Porous Media by Steady-State Centrifugation

AGA XQ0005-2000 天然气添味剂

Odorization Manual

Odorization Manual

ASTM D5873-00(2005)e1 用回弹锤法测定岩石硬度的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the testing apparatus, sampling, test specimen preparation, and testing procedures for determining the rebound hardness number of rock material using a spring-driven steel hammer, referred to variously as a rebound hammer, impact test hammer, or concrete test hammer.1.2 This test method is best suited for rock material with uniaxial compressive strengths (see Test Method D 7012) ranging between approximately 1 and 100 MPa.1.3 The portable testing apparatus may be used in the laboratory or field to provide a means of rapid assessment of rock hardness or to serve as an indicator of rock hardness.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of Rock Hardness by Rebound Hammer Method

ASTM D5777-00(2006) 地下勘探用震波折射法的标准导则

1.1 Purpose and ApplicationThis guide covers the equipment, field procedures, and interpretation methods for the assessment of subsurface conditions using the seismic refraction method. Seismic refraction measurements as described in this guide are applicable in mapping subsurface conditions for various uses including geologic, geotechnical, hydrologic, environmental (), mineral exploration, petroleum exploration, and archaeological investigations. The seismic refraction method is used to map geologic conditions including depth to bedrock, or to water table, stratigraphy, lithology, structure, and fractures or all of these. The calculated seismic wave velocity is related to mechanical material properties. Therefore, characterization of the material (type of rock, degree of weathering, and rippability) is made on the basis of seismic velocity and other geologic information.1.2 Limitations1.2.1 This guide provides an overview of the seismic refraction method using compressional (P) waves. It does not address the details of the seismic refraction theory, field procedures, or interpretation of the data. Numerous references are included for that purpose and are considered an essential part of this guide. It is recommended that the user of the seismic refraction method be familiar with the relevant material in this guide and the references cited in the text and with appropriate ASTM standards cited in .1.2.2 This guide is limited to the commonly used approach to seismic refraction measurements made on land. The seismic refraction method can be adapted for a number of special uses, on land, within a borehole and on water. However, a discussion of these other adaptations of seismic refraction measurements is not included in this guide.1.2.3 There are certain cases in which shear waves need to be measured to satisfy project requirements. The measurement of seismic shear waves is a subset of seismic refraction. This guide is not intended to include this topic and focuses only on P wave measurements.1.2.4 The approaches suggested in this guide for the seismic refraction method are commonly used, widely accepted, and proven; however, other approaches or modifications to the seismic refraction method that are technically sound may be substituted.1.2.5 Technical limitations and interferences of the seismic refraction method are discussed in D 420, D 653, D 2845, D 4428, D 5088, D 5730, D 5753, D 6235, and D 6429.1.3 Precautions1.3.1 It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to follow any precautions within the equipment manufacturer''s recommendations, establish appropriate health and safety practices, and consider the safety and regulatory implications when explosives are used.1.3.2 If the method is applied at sites with hazardous materials, operations, or equipment, it is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of any regulations prior to use.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project''s many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this guide means only that ......

Standard Guide for Using the Seismic Refraction Method for Subsurface Investigation

JIS M 8123:1999 矿石.铅含量的测定方法

Ores -- Methods for determination of lead