E21 原油 标准查询与下载

JIS K 2601:1998 原油的测试方法

この規格は，原油の試験方法について規定する。

Testing methods for crude petroleum

ASTM D3414-98 水生石油的红外线光谱比较标准试验方法

1.1 This test method provides a means for the identification of waterborne oil samples by the comparison of their infrared spectra with those of potential source oils. 1.2 This test method is applicable to weathered or unweathered samples, as well as to samples subjected to simulated weathering. 1.3 This test method is written primarily for petroleum oils. 1.4 This test method is written for linear transmission, but could be readily adapted for linear absorbance outputs. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Infrared Spectroscopy

ASTM D3414-98(2004) 水生石油的红外线光谱比较标准试验方法

This test method provides a means for the comparison of waterborne oil samples with potential sources. The waterborne samples may be emulsified in water or obtained from beaches, boats, oil-soaked debris, and so forth. The unknown oil is identified by the similarity of its infrared spectrum with that of a potential source oil obtained from a known source, selected because of its possible relationship to the unknown oil. The analysis is capable of comparing most oils. Difficulties may be encountered if a spill occurs in an already polluted area, that is, the spilled-oil mixes with another oil. In certain cases, there may be interfering substances which require modification of the infrared test method or the use of other test methods (see Practice D 3326, Method D.) It is desirable, whenever possible, to apply other independent analytical test methods to reinforce the findings of the infrared test method (see Practice D 3415).1.1 This test method provides a means for the identification of waterborne oil samples by the comparison of their infrared spectra with those of potential source oils.1.2 This test method is applicable to weathered or unweathered samples, as well as to samples subjected to simulated weathering.1.3 This test method is written primarily for petroleum oils.1.4 This test method is written for linear transmission, but could be readily adapted for linear absorbance outputs.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Infrared Spectroscopy

ASTM D3415-98(2004) 水生石油识别的标准实施规范

Oil from one crude oil field is readily distinguishable from another, and differences in the makeup of oils from the same crude oil field can often be observed as well. Refined oils are fractions from crude oil stocks, usually derived from distillation processes. Two refined oils of the same type differ because of dissimilarities in the characteristics of their crude oil feed stocks as well as variations in refinery processes and any subsequent contact with other oils mixed in during transfer operations from residues in tanks, ships, pipes, hoses, and so forth. Thus, all petroleum oils, to some extent, have chemical compositions different from each other. Identification of a recovered oil is determined by comparison with known oils selected because of their possible relationship to the particular recovered oil, for example, suspected sources. Thus, samples of such known oils must be collected and submitted along with the unknown for analysis. Identification of the source of an unknown oil by itself cannot be made without comparison to a known oil. The principles of oil spill identification are discussed in Ref (1). Many similarities (within uncertainties of sampling, analysis and weathering) will be needed to establish the identity beyond a reasonable doubt. The analyses described will distinguish many, but not all samples. Examples of weathering of various classes of oils are included in Ref (2). This practice is a guide to the use of ASTM test methods for the analysis of oil samples for oil spill identification purposes. The evaluation of results from analytical methods and preparation of an Oil Spill Identification Report are discussed in this practice. Other analytical methods are described in Ref (3). A quality assurance program for oil spill identification is specified.1.1 This practice covers the broad concepts of sampling and analyzing waterborne oils for identification and comparison with suspected source oils. Detailed procedures are referenced in this practice. A general approach is given to aid the investigator in planning a program to solve the problem of chemical characterization and to determine the source of a waterborne oil sample.1.2 This practice is applicable to all waterborne oils taken from water bodies, either natural or man-made, such as open oceans, estuaries or bays, lakes, rivers, smaller streams, canals; or from beaches, marshes, or banks lining or edging these water systems. Generally, the waterborne oils float on the surface of the waters or collect on the land surfaces adjoining the waters, but occasionally these oils, or portions, are emulsified or dissolved in the waters, or are incorporated into the sediments underlying the waters, or into the organisms living in the water or sediments.1.3 This practice as presently written proposes the use of specific analytical techniques described in the referenced ASTM standards. As additional techniques for characterizing waterborne oils are developed and written up as test methods, this practice will be revised.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Identificaiton of Waterborne Oils

ASTM D2603-98 含油聚合物的声波切变稳定性的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear stability of an oil containing polymer in terms of the permanent loss in viscosity that results from irradiating a sample of the oil in a sonic oscillator. This test method can be useful in predicting the continuity of this property in an oil where no change is made in the base stock or the polymer. It is not intended that this test method serve to predict the performance of polymer-containing oils in service. 1.2 Evidence has been presented that correlation between the shear degradation results obtained via sonic oscillation and those obtained in mechanical devices can be poor. This is especially true in the case of automotive engines. Further evidence indicates that the sonic technique may rate different families of polymers in a different order than mechanical devices. 1.3 Because of these limitations, the committee under whose jurisdiction this test method falls has developed an alternative shear test method using a diesel injector nozzle, Test Method D3945. While that test method has found some utility in the evaluation of crankcase oils, the stress imparted to the sample has been found to be insufficient to shear polymers of the shear-resistant type found in aircraft hydraulic fluids. 1.4 This test method is used for polymeric additive specifications, especially in the hydraulic fluid market. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informational purposes only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils

ASTM D3414-98(2011)e1 水生石油红外光谱比较标准试验方法

This test method provides a means for the comparison of waterborne oil samples with potential sources. The waterborne samples may be emulsified in water or obtained from beaches, boats, oil-soaked debris, and so forth. The unknown oil is identified by the similarity of its infrared spectrum with that of a potential source oil obtained from a known source, selected because of its possible relationship to the unknown oil. The analysis is capable of comparing most oils. Difficulties may be encountered if a spill occurs in an already polluted area, that is, the spilled-oil mixes with another oil. In certain cases, there may be interfering substances which require modification of the infrared test method or the use of other test methods (see Practice D3326, Method D.) It is desirable, whenever possible, to apply other independent analytical test methods to reinforce the findings of the infrared test method (see Practice D3415).1.1 This test method provides a means for the identification of waterborne oil samples by the comparison of their infrared spectra with those of potential source oils. 1.2 This test method is applicable to weathered or unweathered samples, as well as to samples subjected to simulated weathering. 1.3 This test method is written primarily for petroleum oils. 1.4 This test method is written for linear transmission, but could be readily adapted for linear absorbance outputs. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Infrared Spectroscopy

ASTM D3415-98 水生石油识别的标准实施规范

1.1 This practice covers the broad concepts of sampling and analyzing waterborne oils for identification and comparison with suspected source oils. Detailed procedures are referenced in this practice. A general approach is given to aid the investigator in planning a program to solve the problem of chemical characterization and to determine the source of a waterborne oil sample. 1.2 This practice is applicable to all waterborne oils taken from water bodies, either natural or man-made, such as open oceans, estuaries or bays, lakes, rivers, smaller streams, canals; or from beaches, marshes, or banks lining or edging these water systems. Generally, the waterborne oils float on the surface of the waters or collect on the land surfaces adjoining the waters, but occasionally these oils, or portions, are emulsified or dissolved in the waters, or are incorporated into the sediments underlying the waters, or into the organisms living in the water or sediments. 1.3 This practice as presently written proposes the use of specific analytical techniques described in the referenced ASTM standards. As additional techniques for characterizing waterborne oils are developed and written up as test methods, this practice will be revised. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Identificaiton of Waterborne Oils

ISO 10337:1997 原油 水分的测定 库仑卡尔·费休滴定法

This International Standard specifies a coulometric Karl Fischer titration method for the direct determination of water in crude petroleum. It covers the range 0,050 % (m/m) to 5,00 % (m/m) water in crude petroleum containing less than 0,05 % (m/m) but more than 0,005 % (m/m) of either mercaptan sulfur or sulfide ion sulfur or both. It covers the range 0,020 % (m/m) to 5,00 % (m/m) water in crude petroleum containing less than 0,005 % (m/m) of either mercaptan sulfur or sulfide ion sulfur or both. NOTE 1 A number of substances and classes of compounds associated with condensation or oxidation-reduction reactions interfere in the determination of water by Karl Fischer titration. However, the only likely interfering substances present in crude petroleum are mercaptans and ionic sulfides and providing that they are present at levels less than 0,05 % (m/m), the interference is insignificant when determining water in the range 0,050 % (m/m) to 5,00 % (m/m). NOTE 2 An alternative procedure is provided in annex B for the direct determination of water over the range 0,05 % (V/V) to 5,00 % (V/V) in crude petroleum containing less than 0,05 % (V/V) of either mercaptan sulfur or ionic sulfide sulfur or both. The limitations under which this alternative volume measurement may be used are listed in annex B. The volume measurement may also be used to determine water in the range 0,02 % (V/V) to 5,00 % (V/V) if the above interfering substances are present at levels of less than 0,005 % (V/V) as either mercaptan sulfur or ionic sulfide sulfur or both. NOTE 3 For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass and volume fractions respectively.

Crude petroleum - Determination of water - Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method

ISO 9114:1997 原油 用氢化物反应测定水含量 现场法

This International Standard specifies a field method for the determination of water in crude petroleum, at concentrations ranging from 0,05 %(V/V) to 2 %(V/V). It is applicable where due to circumstances the laboratory methods cannot be used. This method is not intended for custody transfer but could be so used if prior agreement from all parties is obtained. NOTE — For the purposes of this International Standard, the expression "%(V/V)" is used to represent the volume fraction.

Crude petroleum - Determination of water content by hydride reaction - Field method

ISO 10336:1997 原油 水分的测定 容量卡尔·费休滴定法

This International Standard specifies a potentiometric Karl Fischer titration method for the direct determination of water in crude petroleum. It covers the range 0,05 % (m/m) to 2,00 % (m/m) water in crude petroleum containing less than 0,05 % (m/m) but more than 0,005 % (m/m) of either mercaptan sulfur or sulfide ion sulfur or both. It covers the range 0,02 % (m/m) to 2,00 % (m/m) water in crude petroleum containing less than 0,005 % (m/m) of either mercaptan sulfur or sulfide ion sulfur or both. NOTE 1 A number of substances and classes of compounds associated with condensation or oxidation-reduction reactions interfere in the determination of water by Karl Fischer titration. However, the only likely interfering substances present in crude petroleum are mercaptans and ionic sulfides. At levels less than 0,05 % (m/m) as sulfur the interference is insignificant when determining water in the range 0,05 % (m/m) to 2,00 % (m/m). NOTE 2 For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass and volume fractions respectively.

Crude petroleum - Determination of water - Potentiometric Karl Fischer titration method

BS EN ISO 9029:1997 石油及其产品的试验方法 原油 水的测定 蒸馏法

Identical with IP 358/97.

Methods of test for petroleum and its products. Crude petroleum. Determination of water. Distillation method

SY/T 7547-1996 原油屈服值测定.旋转粘度计法

本标准规定了使用以剪切率为控制变量的同轴圆筒旋转粘度计测定原油屈服值的方法。 本标准适用于测定含蜡量在5%(m/m)以上、含水量在0.5%(m/m)以下的原油屈服值。也适用于测定经热处理或加剂处理的原油屈服值。

Measurement of crude oil yield value.Rotovisco method

SY/T 0545-1995 原油析蜡热特性参数的测定 差示扫描量热法

本标准规定了使用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定原油析蜡点、析蜡峰温、析蜡高峰温度区间及析蜡热熔等析蜡热特性参数的方法。 本标准适用于含水量小于0.5%原油析蜡热特性参数的测定，也适用于稳定石油产品析蜡热特性参数的测定。

Determination of Thermal Characteristic Parameters of Wax Precipitation in Crude Oil Differential Scanning Calorimetry

DIN EN ISO 9029:1995 原油.水分测定.蒸馏法 (ISO 9029:1990); 德文版本 EN ISO 9029:1995

The document specifies a method for determining water in crude oil by distillation. The precision data have only been determined for water contents up to 1 % (V/V).

Crude petroleum - Determination of water - Distillation method (ISO 9029:1990); German version EN ISO 9029:1995

JIS K 2249:1995 原油和石油产品.基于标准温度(15℃)的密度的测定和石油测量表

この規格は，常温で液状又は固状のもので，JIS K 2258によって測定した蒸気圧が180 KPa{1.84kgf/cm}以下の原油及び石油製品の密度試験方法並びに密度?質量?容量換算表について規定する。

Crude petroleum and petroleum products -- Determination of density and petroleum measurement tables based on a reference temperature (15 centigrade degrees)

DL/T 567.8-1995 燃油发热量的测定

Test Methods for Clorific Value of Liquid Fuel

DL/T 567.9-1995 燃油元素分析

Ultimate Analysis of Liquid Fuel

DL/T 568-1995 燃料元素的快速分析方法(高温燃烧红外热导法)

Fast test methods for ultimate analysis of fuel by infrared absorption & thermal conductivity

SY/T 0541-1994 原油凝点测定法

本标准规定了原油凝点的测定方法。 本标准适用于含水不超过0.5%的原油。

Determination of the freezing point of crude oil

SY/T 7504-1994 原油中正辛烷及以前烃组分分析 气相色谱法

本标准规定了用气相色谱法分析原油中正辛烷及以前烃组分的试剂材料、仪器设备、取样方法、操作步骤、定性定量方法、精密度。 本标准适用于测定原油中正辛烷及以前烃组分的含量,对含水原油指均相乳状液原油。

Gas Chromatography for Analysis of n-Octane and Previous Hydrocarbon Components in Crude Oil