Z13 固体废弃物、土壤及其他环境要素采样方法 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5013-89(2003) 管道和其他地点排放的废弃物的取样

The procedure outlined in these practices are guides for obtaining descriptive samples of solid, semisolid and liquid waste from flowing streams, and incorporate many of the same procedures and equipment covered in the Referenced Documents. These practices by themselves will not necessarily result in the collection of samples representative of the total waste mass. The degree to which samples describe a waste mass must be estimated by application of appropriate statistical methods and measures of quality assurance. It is recommended that those practices be used in conjunction with Guide D 4687.1.1 Those practices provide guidance for obtaining samples of waste at discharge points from pipes, sluiceways, conduits, and conveyor belts. The following are included:SectionsPractice A-Liquid or Slurry Discharges Practice7 through 9 B-Solid or Semisolid Discharges10 through 121.2 These practices are intended for situations in which there are no other applicable ASTM sampling methods (see Practices D 140 and D 75) for the specific industry.1.3 These practices do not address flow and time-proportional samplers and other automatic sampling devices.1.4 Samples are taken from a flowing waste stream or moving waste mass and, therefore, are descriptive only within a certain period. The length of the period for which a sample is descriptive will depend on the sampling frequency and compositing scheme.1.5 It is recommended that these practices be used in conjunction with Guide D 4687.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 5 for more information.

Standard Practices for Sampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges

ASTM D4980-89 在废弃物中筛选PH值的试验方法

1.1 These test methods are used to determine the pH of a hazardous waste liquid, sludge, semisolid and solid. Sections Test Method A---pH Screening by pH Paper 9 to 14 Test Method B---pH Screening by Electrometric 15 to 22 Measurement 1.2 Test Method A uses a wide-range pH paper for a rapid indication of pH to within about 1 pH unit. 1.3 Test Method B uses a pH meter to measure within about 0.1 pH unit. 1.4 These test methods are designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine pH. These test methods offer, to the user, the option and the ability to screen waste for potentially hazardous levels of acidity and alkalinity when the more sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown. 1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Section 6.

Standard Test Methods for Screening of pH in Waste

ASTM D4843-88(2004) 固体废弃物的浸湿和烘干的试验方法

1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining material losses produced by repeated wetting and drying of solid waste specimens. It also covers the visual observation of the disintegration of solid specimens.1.2 This test method intends that the material used in the procedure be physically, chemically, and biologically representative; hence it does not address problems as a result of the inhomogeneity of specimens.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Wetting and Drying Test of Solid Wastes

ASTM E955-88(2004) 回收废燃料中大样品温度特性的测试方法

This test method is available to producers and users of RDF as a means of determining thermal characteristics of a large sample of RDF without extensive processing of the laboratory sample. It is intended that the results obtained be used to monitor changes in the fuel characteristics of RDF over a period of time.1.1 This test method covers the determination of moisture, noncombustibles and combustibles, and the calculation of higher heating value content of a large mass of refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF).1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material, including residues from combustion, from which a representative sample can be prepared.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for additional hazard information.

Standard Test Method for Thermal Characteristics of Refuse-Derived Fuel Macrosamples

ASTM E887-88(2009) 回收废燃料(RDF)及其灰烬中二氧化硅的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of silica in RDF, RDF ash, fly ash, bottom ash, or slag. 1.2 The test method is an acid dehydration gravimetric procedure and is independent of interferences. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statement, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Silica in Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) and RDF Ash

ASTM E897-88(2004) 回收废燃料分析样品中挥发性物质的测试方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of gaseous products, exclusive of moisture vapor, in the analysis sample which is released under specific conditions of the test. The knowledge of the volatile matter content assists in predicting burning characteristics of RDF.1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E955-88(2009)e1 回收废燃料中大样品温度特性的标准试验方法

This test method is available to producers and users of RDF as a means of determining thermal characteristics of a large sample of RDF without extensive processing of the laboratory sample. It is intended that the results obtained be used to monitor changes in the fuel characteristics of RDF over a period of time.1.1 This test method covers the determination of moisture, noncombustibles and combustibles, and the calculation of higher heating value content of a large mass of refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF). 1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material, including residues from combustion, from which a representative sample can be prepared. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for additional hazard information.

Standard Test Method for Thermal Characteristics of Refuse-Derived Fuel Macrosamples

ASTM D4843-88(2004)e1 固体废弃物的浸湿和烘干的试验方法

This test method is intended for the evaluation of the wetting and drying resistance of monolithic, solid, solidified/stabilized wastes under the testing conditions of this test method. This test method may be used for the comparison of wetting and drying resistance of wastes. Data tabulated in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 may be used to observe irregularities caused by inhomogeneity of specimens and/or comparison of mass loss-cycle relations of different wastes, as well as to measure method-related mass losses such as matrix dissolution.1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining material losses produced by repeated wetting and drying of solid waste specimens. It also covers the visual observation of the disintegration of solid specimens.1.2 This test method intends that the material used in the procedure be physically, chemically, and biologically representative; hence it does not address problems as a result of the inhomogeneity of specimens.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Wetting and Drying Test of Solid Wastes

ASTM D4843-88(2009) 固体废弃物的浸湿和烘干的标准试验方法

This test method is intended for the evaluation of the wetting and drying resistance of monolithic, solid, solidified/stabilized wastes under the testing conditions of this test method. This test method may be used for the comparison of wetting and drying resistance of wastes. Data tabulated in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 may be used to observe irregularities caused by inhomogeneity of specimens and/or comparison of mass loss-cycle relations of different wastes, as well as to measure method-related mass losses such as matrix dissolution.1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining material losses produced by repeated wetting and drying of solid waste specimens. It also covers the visual observation of the disintegration of solid specimens. 1.2 This test method intends that the material used in the procedure be physically, chemically, and biologically representative; hence it does not address problems as a result of the inhomogeneity of specimens. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Wetting and Drying Test of Solid Wastes

ASTM E776-87(2004) 回收废燃料中各种形态氯的标准测试方法

The standard is available to producers and users of RDF for determining the content and forms of chlorine present in the fuel.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): total chlorine, water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine.1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements see Section 6 and 11.2.1.

Standard Test Method for Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E775-87(2004) 回收废燃料分析样品中总硫量的测试方法

The standards are available to producers and users of RDF for determining the total sulfur content of the fuel.1.1 These test methods cover two alternative procedures for the determination of total sulfur in prepared analysis samples of solid forms of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Sulfur is included in the ultimate analysis of RDF.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order: Test SectionsEschka MethodBomb Washing Method1.3 These test methods may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 6.

Standard Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E777-87(2004) 回收废燃料中分析样品中碳和氢的测试方法

The standard sample is available to producers and users of RDF as a method of determining the weight percent of carbon and hydrogen in the analysis sample. Carbon and hydrogen are part of the ultimate analysis of a fuel and can be used for calculations of combustion parameters.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbon and hydrogen in a sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Both carbon and hydrogen are determined in one operation. This test method yields the total percentages of carbon and hydrogen in RDF as analyzed and the results include not only the carbon and hydrogen in the organic matter, but also the carbon present in mineral carbonates and the hydrogen present in the free moisture accompanying the analysis sample as well as hydrogen present as water of hydration. Note 18212;It is recognized that certain technical applications of the data derived from this test procedure may justify additional corrections. These corrections could involve compensation for the carbon present as carbonates, the hydrogen of free moisture accompanying the analysis sample, and the calculated hydrogen present as water of hydration.1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 8.

Standard Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E776-87(2009) 回收废燃料中各种形态氯的标准试验方法

The standard is available to producers and users of RDF for determining the content and forms of chlorine present in the fuel.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the forms of chlorine in refuse-derived fuel-three (RDF): total chlorine, water-soluble chloride, and water-insoluble chlorine. 1.2 This test method may be applicable to any waste material from which a laboratory analysis sample can be prepared. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements see Section 6 and 11.2.1. FIG. 1 Graph From a Potentiometric Titration of Chloride

Standard Test Method for Forms of Chlorine in Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E830-87(2004) 回收废燃料分析样品中灰份的测试方法

This test method is available to producers and users of RDF as a method of determining the weight percent of ash in the analysis sample.1.1 This test method covers determination of the ash content in the analysis sample of refuse-derived fuel (RDF). The results obtained can be applied as the weight percent ash in the proximate analysis and in the ultimate analysis.1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Refuse-Derived Fuel

ASTM E1109-86(2004) 测量固体废料碎片体密度的标准试验方法

This test method describes a physical property of solid waste in processing facilities; a property that characterizes the solid waste streams and hence the operation of resource recovery separators and processors. The bulk density is an important property for the design of materials handling equipment, separators, and processors.1.1 This test method determines the bulk density of various fractions from the resource recovery processing of municipal solid waste. It is intended as a means of characterizing such fractions and for providing data useful to designers of solid waste processing plants.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section .

Standard Test Method for Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions

ASTM E1109-86(2009) 测量固体废料碎片体密度的标准试验方法

This test method describes a physical property of solid waste in processing facilities; a property that characterizes the solid waste streams and hence the operation of resource recovery separators and processors. The bulk density is an important property for the design of materials handling equipment, separators, and processors.1.1 This test method determines the bulk density of various fractions from the resource recovery processing of municipal solid waste. It is intended as a means of characterizing such fractions and for providing data useful to designers of solid waste processing plants. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions

ASTM D4503-86(2003) 用偏硼酸锂熔化法溶解固体废弃物的标准实施规范

A knowledge of the inorganic constituent composition in a waste is often required for the selection of appropriate waste disposal practices. Solid waste may exist in a variety of forms and contain a range of organic and inorganic constituents. This practice describes a drying and ashing step that may be applied to remove moisture and volatile and nonvolatile organic constituents prior to determining nonvolatile metals. Generation of a dry ash concentrates the inorganic constituents of interest and makes the LiBO2 fusion feasible for a greater variety of waste samples. Acidification of the LiBO2 fusion mix results in a solution amenable to inductively coupled plasma (ICP) or atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analysis.1.1 This practice covers the drying, ashing, and solubilization of solid waste using a lithium metaborate (LiBO2) fusion for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents by argon plasma emission spectroscopy or atomic absorption spectroscopy.1.2 The following elements may be solubilized by this practice:aluminumchromiumsiliconbariumirontitaniumcadmiummagnesiumvanadiumcalciummanganesezinccoppernickel1.3 This practice has been used successfully with a bauxite ore and a neutralized metal treatment sludge. The practice may be applicable to other elements not listed above. Some metals, such as cadmium and zinc, may volatilize from some samples during the drying, ashing, or fusion steps. The analyst is responsible for determining whether the practice is applicable to the solid waste being tested.1.4 This practice is intended for the solubilization of nonvolatile inorganic constituents in solid waste. The LiBO2 fusion is appropriate for a silicate matrix or acid resistant samples.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7.

Standard Practice for Dissolution of Solid Waste by Lithium Metaborate Fusion

ASTM E1037-84(2009) 测定回收废燃料的粒度分布的标准试验方法

The particle size distribution of RDF-5 strongly influences the storage and handling characteristics of the fuel. Small particles tend to block flow through storage bins and feed hoppers, although correct bin and hopper designs will alleviate this problem of blockage. This test method of measuring size by hand allows accurate description of RDF-5 particle size distribution. Measurement by hand is superior to sieving techniques, wherein particles may be broken by the size separation technique itself. However, hand measurement is more time-consuming than sieving techniques.1.1 This test method is used to determine the size distribution of a RDF-5 sample. Size is defined as the maximum length of the particle, where length is determined by the RDF-5 manufacturing process. That is, a pellet, cubette, or briquette all have a recognizable length. Fig. 1 displays the sizes and shapes of some RDF-5 particles. 1.2 An air dried RDF-5 sample is separated into categories of differing particle sizes. The size distribution is measured as the weight percentage of each size category. A graph of a function of the cumulative fraction of material by weight finer than particle size versus particle size is plotted. From this plot are taken values which describe the size distribution—the uniformity constant and the characteristic particle size. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. FIG. 1 RDF-5 Sizes

Standard Test Method for Measuring Particle Size Distribution of RDF-5

ASTM E956-83(2010) 城市混杂的有色金属的标准分类(MNM)

This classification is intended for use in the marketing of mixed nonferrous metals. Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries: Secondary aluminum smelters, Primary aluminum producers, Scrap dealers and processors, Zinc refiners, and Copper refiners.1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal. 1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been sub- divided according to processing history, nonferrous metal content, size, and moisture content. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A1.1.1 This test method describes procedures for collection of a sample of MNM scrap recovered from municipal refuse, and the preparation and secondary sampling of the metal for analysis.

Standard Classification for Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)

ASTM E956-83(2005) 城市混杂的有色金属的分类(mnm)

This classification is intended for use in the marketing of mixed nonferrous metals. Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries: 4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters, 4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers, 4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors, 4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and 4.2.5 Copper refiners.1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal.1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been sub-divided according to processing history, nonferrous metal content, size, and moisture content.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This test method describes procedures for collection of a sample of MNM scrap recovered from municipal refuse, and the preparation and secondary sampling of the metal for analysis.

Standard Classification for Municipal-Mixed Nonferrous Metals (MNM)