13.080.30 土壤的生物特性 标准查询与下载

EN ISO 29200:2020 土质.高等植物遗传毒性效应的评估.蚕豆(Vicia faba)微核试验

The purpose of ISO 29200:2013 is to describe a method for assessing genotoxic effects (chromosome breakage or dysfunction of the mitotic spindle) of soils or soil materials on the secondary roots of a higher plant: Vicia faba (broad bean). This method allows the assessment of genotoxicity (toxicity for genetic material) of soils and soil materials like compost, sludge, waste, fertilizing matters, etc. Two ways of exposure can be considered: a direct exposure of plants to the soil (or soil material) which is relevant for the real genotoxic potential and an exposure of plants to the water extract of the soil (or soil material). This last way of exposure to a leachate or an eluate allows the detection of the mutagens which are not adsorbed to soils and which may be transferred to aquatic compartments. Moreover, this test may be used to evaluate genotoxic effects of chemical substances and to waters, effluents, etc.

Soil quality - Assessment of genotoxic effects on higher plants - Vicia faba micronucleus test (ISO 29200:2013)

EN ISO 17155:2020 土质.用生物的呼吸曲线测定土壤微植物群的个体密度和活性

1 Scope This International Standard specifies a test method for determining the activity of active aerobic, heterotrophic microbial biomass in soils. This method is applicable to the monitoring of soil quality and to the evaluation of the ecotoxic potential of soils and soil materials. It is also applicable for soils sampled along contamination gradients in the field and to soils that are contaminated experimentally in the field or in the laboratory.

Soil quality - Determination of abundance and activity of soil microflora using respiration curves (ISO 17155:2012)

EN ISO 21286:2020 土壤质量 - 在生态毒理学测试中使用DNA条形码的一般指导

This document specifies a protocol to identify ecotoxicological test specimens (mainly invertebrates and plants) to the species level, based on the DNA barcoding technique. This protocol can be used by laboratories performing DNA barcoding in order to standardize both the wet-lab and data analysis workflows as much as possible, and make them compliant with community standards and guidelines. This document does not intend to specify one particular strain for each test method, but to accurately document the species/strain which was used. NOTE 1 This does not imply that DNA barcoding is performed in parallel to each test run, but rather regularly (e.g. once a year, such as reference substance testing) and each time a new culture is started or new individuals are added to an ongoing culture. This document does not aim at duplicating or replacing morphological-based species identifications. On the contrary, DNA barcoding is proposed as a complementary identification tool where morphology is inconclusive, or to diagnose cryptic species, in order to ensure that the results obtained from different ecotoxicological laboratories are referring to the same species or strain. This document is applicable to identifications of immature forms which lack morphological diagnostic characters (eggs, larvae, juveniles), as well as the streamline identification of specimens collected in field monitoring studies, where large numbers of organisms from diverse taxa are classified. NOTE 2 In principle, all species regularly used in ecotoxicological testing can be analysed by DNA barcoding. Besides the earthwoms Eisenia fetida and E. andrei, further examples for terrestrial species are Lumbricus terrestris, L. rubellus, Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea rosea, and A. caliginosa, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Enchytraeus albidus, and E. crypticus (Haplotaxida); Folsomia candida, F. fimetaria, Proisotoma minuta, and Sinella curviseta (Collembola); Hypoaspis aculeifer and Oppia nitens (Acari); Aleochara bilineata and Poecilus cupreus (Coleoptera); Scathophaga stercoraria, Musca autumnalis (Diptera) or Pardosa sp. (Arachnida). Nematodes or snails and even plants can also be added to this list.

Soil quality - Identification of ecotoxicological test species by DNA barcoding (ISO 21286:2019)

EN ISO 15473:2020 土壤质量.在厌氧条件下土壤中有机化合物生物等级的实验室试验指南

This International Standard gives guidance on the selection and method of appropriate tests for the determination of biodegradation of organic chemicals in soil samples under anaerobic conditions. NOTE For methods intended for tests in the framework of the registration of chemicals, an OECD Guideline on soil degradation gives useful guidance on additional test requirements.

Soil quality - Guidance on laboratory testing for biodegradation of organic chemicals in soil under anaerobic conditions (ISO 15473:2002)

EN ISO 21285:2020 土壤质量.土壤污染物对土壤螨繁殖的抑制

This document specifies a chronic test method for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on the reproduction of Hypoaspis aculeifer by ? mainly ? alimentary uptake. This method is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, industrial, agricultural or other sites under concern and waste materials (e.g. dredged material, municipal sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, composed material, or manure, especially those for possible land disposal). The reproduction (= number of juveniles) is the measured parameter of the test. The test reflects the bioavailability of a mixture of contaminants in natural soils (contaminated site soils) to a species which represents a trophic level which is not covered by other ISO standards. This test is not intended to replace the earthworm (see ISO 11268-2) or Collembola (see ISO 11267) reproduction tests since this species belongs not only to a different trophic group but also a different taxonomic group (= mites; i.e. arachnids) than those used usually. Effects of substances are assessed using a standard soil, preferably a defined artificial soil substrate. For contaminated soils, the effects are determined in the soil to be tested and in a control soil. Depending on the objective of the study, the control and dilution substrate (dilution series of contaminated soil) are either an uncontaminated soil comparable to the soil to be tested (reference soil) or a standard soil (e.g. artificial soil). This document provides information on how to use this method for testing samples (soils or substances) under temperate conditions. This document is not applicable to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than one, or to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa at 25 °C. NOTE The stability of the test substance cannot be ensured over the test period. No provision is made in the test method for monitoring the persistence of the substance under test.

Soil quality - Inhibition of reproduction of the soil mite (Hypoaspis aculeifer) by soil contaminants (ISO 21285:2019)

EN ISO 18763:2020 土壤质量.污染物对高等植物发芽和早期生长毒性影响的测定

ISO 18763:2016 describes a technique for determining the effects of soil and soil-related materials on the seed germination and early growth of higher plants. These endpoints are useful indicators for the assessment of the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms. It is applicable to all soils in which soil organisms are active and may be used to evaluate: - the effects on plants due to toxicity of solid or liquid chemicals contaminating soil or materials (compost, sludge, waste) and chemicals added to soil; - the changes in the soil effect on plants after restoration measures.

Soil quality - Determination of the toxic effects of pollutants on germination and early growth of higher plants (ISO 18763:2016)

EN ISO 14239:2020 土壤质量 在好氧条件下测量土壤中有机化学品的矿化的实验室培育系统

ISO 14239:2017 specifies six suitable incubation systems for measuring the rates and extent of mineralization of organic compounds in soil by measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution. All incubation systems are applicable to soluble or insoluble compounds but choice of system depends on the overall purposes of the study. ISO 14239:2017 does not apply to the use of such systems for material balance studies, which are often test-substance specific.

Soil quality - Laboratory incubation systems for measuring the mineralization of organic chemicals in soil under aerobic conditions (ISO 14239:2017)

BS ISO 22190:2020 土壤质量 使用提取物评估土壤中微量元素的生物利用度

What is ISO 22190 about?    ISO 22190 discusses soil quality. ISO 22190 provides guidance on the use of chemical methods establishing the bioavailability of trace elements in soil and soil-like materials and stimulating the use of bioavailability in assessments. The methods referred to in ISO 22190 are all based on extraction.   Note: The methods themselves are not the subject of ISO 22190 .  Who is ISO 22190 for?   ISO 22190 on the use of extracts for assessment of the bioavailability of trace elements in soils is useful for:   Researchers involved in soil sciences  

Soil quality. Use of extracts for the assessment of bioavailability of trace elements in soils

ISO 22190:2020 土壤质量.土壤中微量元素生物有效性评估用提取物的使用

This document provides guidance on the use of chemical methods establishing the bioavailability of trace elements in soil and soil-like materials and to stimulate the use of bioavailability in assessments. The methods themselves are not subject of this document.

Soil quality — Use of extracts for the assessment of bioavailability of trace elements in soils

KS I ISO 11268-2-2019(2023) 土壤质量——污染物对蚯蚓的影响——第2部分:对铁爱胜/安氏爱胜繁殖影响的测定

Soil quality ― Effects of pollutants on earthworms —Part 2: Determination of effects on reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei

KS I ISO 11268-2:2019 土壤质量 - 蚯蚓（蚯蚓）污染物的影响 - 第2部分:对生殖影响的测定

Soil quality ― Effects of pollutants on earthworms —Part 2: Determination of effects on reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei

KS I ISO 11268-2-2019 土壤质量 - 蚯蚓（蚯蚓）污染物的影响 - 第2部分:对生殖影响的测定

Soil quality ― Effects of pollutants on earthworms —Part 2: Determination of effects on reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei

ASTM E1688-19 底栖无脊椎动物沉积物相关污染物生物累积性测定的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers procedures for measuring the bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants by infaunal invertebrates. Marine, estuarine, and freshwater sediments are a major sink for chemicals that sorb preferentially to particles, such as organic compounds with high octanol-waterpartitioning coefficients (Kow) (for example, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)) and many metals. The accumulation of chemicals into whole or bedded sediments (that is, consolidated rather than suspended sediments) reduces their direct bioavailability to pelagic organisms but increases the exposure of benthic organisms. Feeding of pelagic organisms on benthic prey can reintroduce sedimentassociated contaminants into pelagic food webs. The bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants by sedimentdwelling organisms can therefore result in ecological impacts on benthic and pelagic communities and human health from the consumption of contaminated shellfish or pelagic fish. 1.2 Methods of measuring bioaccumulation by infaunal organisms from marine, estuarine, and freshwater sediments containing organic or metal contaminates will be discussed. The procedures are designed to generate quantitative estimates of steady-state tissue residues because data from bioaccumulation tests are often used in ecological or human health risk assessments. Eighty percent of steady-state is used as the general criterion. Because the results from a single or few species are often extrapolated to other species, the procedures are designed to maximize exposure to sediment-associated contaminants so that residues in untested species are not underestimated systematically. A 28-day exposure with sediment-ingesting invertebrates and no supplemental food is recommended as the standard single sampling procedure. Procedures for long-term and kinetic tests are provided for use when 80 % of steady-state will not be obtained within 28 days or when more precise estimates of steady-state tissue residues are required. The procedures are adaptable to shorter exposures and different feeding types. Exposures shorter than 28 days may be used to identify which compounds are bioavailable (that is, bioaccumulation potential) or for testing species that do not live for 28 days in the sediment (for example, certain Chironomus). Non-sediment-ingestors or species requiring supplementary food may be used if the goal is to determine uptake in these particular species because of their importance in ecological or human health risk assessments. However, the results from such species should not be extrapolated to other species. 1.3 Standard test methods are still under development, and much of this guide is based on techniques used in successful studies and expert opinion rather than experimental comparisons of different techniques. Also, relatively few marine/ estuarine (for example, Nereis and Macoma), freshwater (for example, Diporeia and Lumbriculus variegatus) species, and primarily neutral organic compounds provide a substantial portion of the basis for the guide. Nonetheless, sufficient progress has been made in conducting experiments and understanding the factors regulating sediment bioavailability to establish general guidelines for sediment bioaccumulation tests. 1.4 This guide is arranged as follows: Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Guide 4 Significance and Use 5 Interferences 6 Apparatus 7 Safety Precautions 8 Overlying Water 9 Sediment 10 Test Organisms 11 Experimental Design 12 Procedure 13 Analytical Methodology 14 Data Analysis and Interpretation 15 Keywords Annexes Additional Methods for Predicting Bioaccumulation Annex A1 Determining the Number of Replicates Annex A2 Adequacy of 10-Day and 28-Day Exposures Annex A3 Alternative Test Designs Annex A4 Calculation of Time to Steady-State Annex A5 Special Purpose Exposure Chambers Annex A6 1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate. Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published April 2020. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E1688 – 10(2016). DOI: 10.1520/E1688-19. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Additional Techniques to Correct for Gut Sediment Annex A7 Guidance For Conducting Sediment Bioaccumulation Tests with the Oligochaete Lumbriculus Variegatus Annex A8 References 1.5 Field-collected sediments may contain toxic materials, including pathogens, and should be treated with caution to minimize exposure to workers. Worker safety must also be considered when using laboratory-dosed sediments containing toxic compounds. 1.6 This guide may involve the use of non-indigenous test species. The accidental establishment of non-indigenous species has resulted in substantial harm to both estuarine and freshwater ecosystems. Adequate precautions must therefore be taken against the accidental release of any non-indigenous test species or associated flora or fauna. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Standard Guide for Determination of the Bioaccumulation of Sediment-Associated Contaminants by Benthic Invertebrates

ISO 23611-3:2019 土壤质量——土壤无脊椎动物的取样第3部分:附着体的取样和土壤提取

This document specifies a method for sampling, handling and extracting enchytraeids from terrestrial field soils as a prerequisite for using these animals as bioindicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). Basic information on the ecology of enchytraeids and their use as bioindicators in the terrestrial environment is included in the Bibliography. This document applies to all terrestrial biotopes in which enchytraeids occur. The sampling design of field studies in general is given in ISO 18400-101. These details can vary according to the climatic/ regional conditions of the site to be sampled and an overview on the determination of effects of pollutants on enchytraeids in field situations is given in Reference [6]. Methods for some other soil organism groups such as earthworms or arthropods are given in This document is not applicable for very wet or flooded soils and might be difficult to use under extreme climatic or geographical conditions (e.g. in high mountains). When sampling soil invertebrates, it is highly recommendable to characterize the site (e.g. concerning soil properties, climate and land use). However, such a characterization is not covered by this document. measuring pH, particle size distribution, C/N ratio, organic carbon content and water-holding capacity.

Soil quality — Sampling of soil invertebrates — Part 3: Sampling and soil extraction of enchytraeids

ISO/TS 22939:2019 土壤质量在微孔板中使用荧光底物测量土壤样品中的酶活性模式

Soil quality — Measurement of enzyme activity patterns in soil samples using fluorogenic substrates in micro-well plates

ISO 21479:2019 土壤质量.污染物对土壤植物群影响的测定.用于评定土壤质量的植物的叶脂肪酸组成

This document describes a method to compare the quality of soils by determining the fatty acid composition of the leaves of plant species grown in these soils. This method does not make it possible to determine an optimal value of the Omega-3 index and, therefore, cannot be used to determine the intrinsic quality of a soil from a specific area (regarded as homogeneous). The method can only be used to compare the quality of soils between various areas. This method is applicable to: — soils from contaminated sites; — amended soils; — soils after remediation; — soil with waste products (e.g. slurry, manure, sludge or composts). Alternatively, the quality of soils can be assessed by determining the Omega-3 index of Lactuca sativa seedlings grown in these soils under controlled conditions (i.e. phytotronic chamber) and by comparing these values to those obtained from control soils (see Annex B).

Soil quality — Determination of the effects of pollutants on soil flora — Leaf fatty acid composition of plants used to assess soil quality

ISO 21285:2019 土壤质量.土壤污染物对土壤螨繁殖的抑制

This document specifies a chronic test method for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on the reproduction of Hypoaspis aculeifer by – mainly – alimentary uptake. This method is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, industrial, agricultural or other sites under concern and waste materials (e.g. dredged material, municipal sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, composed material, or manure, especially those for possible land disposal). The reproduction (= number of juveniles) is the measured parameter of the test. The test reflects the bioavailability of a mixture of contaminants in natural soils (contaminated site soils) to a species which represents a trophic level which is not covered by other ISO standards. This test is not intended to replace the earthworm (see ISO 11268-2) or Collembola (see ISO 11267) reproduction tests since this species belongs not only to a different trophic group but also a different taxonomic group (= mites; i.e. arachnids) than those used usually. Effects of substances are assessed using a standard soil, preferably a defined artificial soil substrate. For contaminated soils, the effects are determined in the soil to be tested and in a control soil. Depending on the objective of the study, the control and dilution substrate (dilution series of contaminated soil) are either an uncontaminated soil comparable to the soil to be tested (reference soil) or a standard soil (e.g. artificial soil). This document provides information on how to use this method for testing samples (soils or substances) under temperate conditions. This document is not applicable to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than one, or to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa at 25 °C. NOTE The stability of the test substance cannot be ensured over the test period. No provision is made in the test method for monitoring the persistence of the substance under test.

Soil quality — Inhibition of reproduction of the soil mite (Hypoaspis aculeifer) by soil contaminants

ISO 21286:2019 土壤质量 - 在生态毒理学测试中使用DNA条形码的一般指导

This document specifies a protocol to identify ecotoxicological test specimens (mainly invertebrates and plants) to the species level, based on the DNA barcoding technique. This protocol can be used by laboratories performing DNA barcoding in order to standardize both the wet-lab and data analysis workflows as much as possible, and make them compliant with community standards and guidelines. This document does not intend to specify one particular strain for each test method, but to accurately document the species/strain which was used. NOTE 1 This does not imply that DNA barcoding is performed in parallel to each test run, but rather regularly (e.g. once a year, such as reference substance testing) and each time a new culture is started or new individuals are added to an ongoing culture. This document does not aim at duplicating or replacing morphological-based species identifications. On the contrary, DNA barcoding is proposed as a complementary identification tool where morphology is inconclusive, or to diagnose cryptic species, in order to ensure that the results obtained from different ecotoxicological laboratories are referring to the same species or strain. This document is applicable to identifications of immature forms which lack morphological diagnostic characters (eggs, larvae, juveniles), as well as the streamline identification of specimens collected in field monitoring studies, where large numbers of organisms from diverse taxa are classified. NOTE 2 In principle, all species regularly used in ecotoxicological testing can be analysed by DNA barcoding. Besides the earthwoms Eisenia fetida and E. andrei, further examples for terrestrial species are Lumbricus terrestris, L. rubellus, Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea rosea, and A. caliginosa, Dendrodrilus rubidus, Enchytraeus albidus, and E. crypticus (Haplotaxida); Folsomia candida, F. fimetaria, Proisotoma minuta, and Sinella curviseta (Collembola); Hypoaspis aculeifer and Oppia nitens (Acari); Aleochara bilineata and Poecilus cupreus (Coleoptera); Scathophaga stercoraria, Musca autumnalis (Diptera) or Pardosa sp. (Arachnida). Nematodes or snails and even plants can also be added to this list.

Soil quality — Identification of ecotoxicological test species by DNA barcoding

ISO 23753-2:2019 土壤质量.土壤中脱氢酶活性的测定.第2部分:碘特拉唑氯化物（INT）法

This document specifies a method for determining activity of dehydrogenases in soil, using 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT)[1]-[5]. As the INT reduction is less sensitive to O2, the method is more robust than the TTC-method described in ISO 23753-1.

Soil quality — Determination of dehydrogenases activity in soils — Part 2: Method using iodotetrazolium chloride (INT)

ISO 23753-1:2019 土壤质量.土壤中脱氢酶活性的测定.第1部分:使用三苯基四唑氯化物（TTC）的方法

Soil quality — Determination of dehydrogenases activity in soils — Part 1: Method using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)