Gene Tools to Study Neuronal Apoptosis
Naturally occurring cell death (NOCD) has been recognized for many years as a critical phase in the development of the nervous system (Hamburger and Levi-Montalcini, 1949; Oppenheim, 1991). During this process, immature neurons undergo an active process of cell death, probably because they receive insufficient quantities of trophic factors from their target cells. Active cell death implies a molecular program of cellular-self-destruction and is therefore often called programmed cell death (PCD) (Schwartz and Osborne, 1993). Diverse morphological types of PCD have been described, with apoptosis being the most commonly encountered (Kerr et al., 1972; Clarke, 1990). After the NOCD period, neuronal apoptosis is considered to be pathological and is found to be implicated in clinical outcomes, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, or Huntington’s disease. It is also observed in acute stresses, such as ischemia.
- Proteolysis of Cortactin by Calpain in Platelets and In Vitro
- Fluorescence Measurements of Ca2+ Binding to Domain VI of Calpain
- Isolation and Culture of Rat Cone Photoreceptor Cells
- Neurotoxicity Assessment by Recording Electrical Activity from Neuronal Networks on Microelectrode Array Neurochips
- In Vivo Two-Photon Microscopy of Microglia
- A 6-Hydroxydopamine In Vivo Model of Parkinsons Disease
- Repeat Expansion Detection (RED) and the RED Cloning Strategy
- Morphological Approaches to the Anatomical Dissection of Neuronal Circuits
- Animal Models for Caffeine Exposure in the Perinatal Period
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Neurological Diseases