CD44/CD44R 分子       CD44 常用单克隆抗体或代号： GRHL1,Hermes,F10- 44- 2(Pgp- 1H- CAM,ECM- RⅢ) 主要表达细胞： Leu,上皮,Fb,RBC[AS] 分子质量(kDa)和结构： gp80- 95 功    能： 粘附ECM,T细胞活化,淋巴细胞归位受体,归位到HEV   CD44R 常用单克隆抗体或代号： FM11,24 主要表达细胞： RBC [AS] 分子质量(kDa)和结构： gp130,160,190,CD44限制性表位(含外显子v 9变异体) 功    能： 可能参与表皮细胞分化   CD44 Family of cell surface glycoproteins with isoforms generated by alternate splicing of mRNA Important in epithelial cell adhesion to hyaluronate in basement membranes and maintaining polar orientation of cells; also binds laminin, collagen and fibronectin May help lymphomas disseminate by binding to high endothelial venules Involved in leukocyte attachment and rolling on endothelial cells, homing to peripheral lymphoid organs and sites of inflammation and leukocyte aggregation Uses: reactive urothelium has diffuse full thickness staining vs. carcinoma in situ, AJSP 2001;25:1074 Prognostic significance: Colon carcinoma: overexpression of CD44v predicts an aggressive course Endometrial carcinoma: loss of CD44 related to invasion Lung carcinoma: loss of CD44 related to invasion Lymphomas - diffuse large cell and B-CLL: expression associated with poor prognosis Neuroblastoma: loss of CD44 related to invasion Prostate cancer: loss associated with poor outcome Urothelial neoplasms, papillary: loss of CD44 immunoreactivity (restricted to basal cell layer in normal urothelium) associated with increasing tumor grade and stage in pTa and pT1 patients, Mod Path 2000;13:1315 Positive staining (normal): white blood cells, red blood cells, breast, colon, stomach, uterus, most tissue; urothelial basal cells; reactive urothelium has diffuse full thickness staining (AJSP 2001;25:1074) Positive staining (tumors): 80% of colorectal carcinomas; tumors or mucosa with well-developed squamous differentiation Archives 2000;124(2):212 Negative staining: platelets, hepatocytes, cardiac muscle, kidney tubular epithelium, testis, normal glandular type epithelium, well differentiated adenocarcinomas, urothelial carcinoma Micro images: CD44s in colonic adenocarcinoma (figure B) Micro images (AJSP subscribers): normal urothelium (figure 1D), reactive urothelium (figure 2D), reactive urothelium (figure 4D)   CD44h Aka CD44s Principal receptor for hyaluronic acid Theoretical utility in differentiating mesothelioma since it produces abundant hyaluronic acid, but not actually useful because CD44H is reactive in 1/3 to 1/2 of adenocarcinomas, Hum Path 2002;33:953   CD44r May be involved in leukocyte attachment and rolling on endothelial cells, homing to peripheral lymphoid organs and to sites of inflammation Heterogeneous group of CD44 variant isoforms expressed constitutively in epithelial cells and monocyte lineage cells; upregulated in activated leukocytes