"APPLICATIONS Most ice surfaces are used for a variety of sports@ although some are constructed for specific purposes and are of specific dimensions. Usual rink sizes include the following: Hockey. The accepted North American hockey rink size is 25.91 by 60.96 m. Radius corners of 8.53 m are recommended by professional and amateur rules. The Olympic and international hockey rink size is 30.48 by 60.96 m@ with 8.53 m radius corners. Many rinks are considered adequate with dimensions of 25.9 by 56.4 m@ 24.4 by 54.9 m@ and 21.3 by 51.8 m. In substandard size rinks@ a corner radius of not less than 4.5 m should be provided to allow use of mechanical resurfacing equipment. Curling. Regulation surface for this sport is 4.3 by 45 m; however@ the width of the ice sheet is often increased to allow space for installation of dividers between the sheets@ particularly at the circles. Most curling rinks are laid out with ice sheets measuring 4.5 by 46 m. Figure Skating. School or compulsory figures are generally done on a ""patch"" measuring approximately 5 by 12 m. Freestyle and dance routines generally require an area of 18 by 36 m or more. Speed Skating. Indoor speed skating has traditionally been performed on hockey-sized rinks. The Olympic-sized outdoor speed-skating track is a 400 m oval@ 10 m wide with 112 m straightaways and curves with an inner radius of 25 m. Most speed-skating ovals were originally constructed outdoors@ although some are now constructed indoors. Recreational Skating. Recreational skating can be done on any size or shape rink@ as long as it can be efficiently resurfaced. Generally@ 2.3 to 2.8 m2 is allowed for each person actually skating. This ratio may vary for large numbers of beginner skaters. A 26 by 61 m hockey rink with 8.5 m radius corners has an area of 1517 m2 and will accommodate a mixed group of about 650 skaters. Public Arenas@ Auditoriums@ and Coliseums. Public arenas@ auditoriums@ field houses@ etc.@ are designed primarily for spectator events. They are used for ice sports@ ice shows@ and recreational skating@ as well as for non-ice events@ such as basketball@ boxing@ tennis@ conventions@ exhibits@ circuses@ rodeos@ tractor events@ and stock shows. The refrigeration system can be designed so that@ with adequate personnel@ the ice surface can be produced within 12 to 16 h. However@ general practice is to leave the ice sheet in place and to hold other events on an insulated floor placed on the ice. This approach saves significant time@ labor@ and energy. Bobsled-Luge Tracks. The bobsled-luge track usually incorporates steel piping embedded in the track and fed by an ammonia liquid recirculation system. Approximately 85 000 to 96 000 m of piping is required for an Olympic-sized track. The total refrigerated surface is 8300 to 9800 m2. Refrigeration plant capacities in the range of 4000 to 5000 kW are required@ depending on ambient design conditions@ wind@ and sun loads. The ammonia charge can exceed 90 000 kg. Because elevation changes are significant@ care must be used in placing liquid recirculators@ selecting ammonia pumps@ and circuiting floor piping."