"This Guide has been created for a ""standard"" mid-to-large-size hospital@ but the approaches and strategies suggested can be applied to all sizes and classifications of large hospitals. In general@ most large hospitals are at least 100@000 ft2. Space types covered by the Guide include cafeterias@ kitchens@ and dining facilities; conference@ lobby@ lounge@ and office areas; reception/waiting areas and examination and treatment rooms; clean and soiled workrooms and holding areas; nurse stations@ nurseries@ patient rooms@ corridors and transition spaces@ lockers@ and restrooms; operating rooms@ procedure rooms@ recovery rooms@ and sterilizer equipment areas; pharmacies@ medication rooms@ and laboratories; triage@ trauma@ and emergency rooms; physical therapy and radiology/imaging rooms; and storage@ receiving@ and mechanical/electrical/telecom rooms. This Guide will not directly address other atypical or special-use spaces. The primary focus of this Guide is new construction@ but recommendations may be equally applicable to hospitals undergoing complete renovation and@ in part@ to many other hospital renovation@ addition@ remodeling@ and modernization projects (including changes to one or more systems in existing buildings) Included in the Guide are recommendations for the design of the building opaque envelope; fenestration; lighting systems (including electrical interior and exterior lights and daylighting); heating@ ventilation@ and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems; building automation and controls; outdoor air (OA) requirements; service water heating (SWH); and plug and process loads (PPL)@ including kitchen equipment. Additional savings recommendations that are not necessary for 50% savings are discussed in the ""Additional Bonus Savings"" section of Chapter 5. The recommendation tables do not include all of the components listed in ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1. Though this Guide focuses only on the primary energy systems within a building@ the underlying energy analysis assumes that all of the other components and systems comply with the minimum design criteria in ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1@ ASHRAE Standard 62.1@ and ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170. In addition@ the Guide is not intended to be a substitute for rating systems or references that address the full range of sustainability issues in hospital design@ such as acoustics@ productivity@ indoor air quality (IAQ)@ water efficiency@ landscaping@ and transportation@ except as they relate to energy use. Nor is it a comprehensive design text. The Guide assumes good design skills and expertise in hospital design."