"ESDU 85022 guides the engineer in the process industries to the choice of the most suitable type of condenser for a specified duty@ and assists the plant engineer in investigating reasons for inadequate performance or in estimating performance under changed conditions. The main characteristics of the types are outlined@ together with their advantages and limitations. Causes of failure in operation are discussed. Flowcharts are provided to guide selection in the following cases: condensing steam exhausted under vacuum from a turbine; condensing vapour from an evaporator; condensing single and mixed process vapours; cooling a process gas which contains a vapour that condenses as it is cooled; condensing a vapour from a distillation column or reaction vessel ( a ""reflux"" condenser) returning the condensate; condensing a heat transfer fluid@ for example in a refrigeration plant@ a heat pump or an air conditioning plant. ESDU 84023 deals with the thermal and hydraulic design of a tubular condenser with downward flow over horizontal cooling tubes."